06005nam 22008175 450 991046386390332120211005011338.01-283-89737-70-8122-0508-110.9783/9780812205084(CKB)3240000000064731(EBL)3441959(SSID)ssj0000812090(PQKBManifestationID)12344628(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000812090(PQKBWorkID)10870042(PQKB)10497349(SSID)ssj0000606804(PQKBManifestationID)11370906(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000606804(PQKBWorkID)10584501(PQKB)11128232(MiAaPQ)EBC3441959(OCoLC)793012562(MdBmJHUP)muse14348(DE-B1597)449433(OCoLC)1004882184(OCoLC)1013938588(DE-B1597)9780812205084(EXLCZ)99324000000006473120190708d2011 fg 0engurnn#---|u||utxtccrWomen's Health and the World's Cities /Afaf Ibrahim Meleis, Susan M. Wachter, Eugenie L. Birch1st ed.Philadelphia :University of Pennsylvania Press,[2011]©20111 online resource (352 p.)The City in the Twenty-First CenturyDescription based upon print version of record.0-8122-2264-4 Includes bibliographical references (p. 281-304) and index.Front matter --Contents --Foreword /Gutmann, Amy --Introduction: Developing Urban Areas as if Gender Matters /Ibrahim Meleis, Afaf --Part I. Women's Health in Urban Areas --Chapter 1. Women's Health and the City: A Comprehensive Approach for the Developing World /Frenk, Julio / Gómez-Dantés, Octavio --Chapter 2. Policy for a Better Future: A Focus on Girls and Women /Levine, Ruth --Chapter 3. Girls' Health and Educational Needs in Urban Environments /Tjon-A-Ten, Varina / Kerner, Brad / Shukla, Shweta / Hochwalt, Anne --Chapter 4. Making Cities Safe for Women and Girls: Integrating a Gender Perspective into Urban Health and Planning /Garcia-Moreno, Claudia / Chawla, Manupreet --Part II. Urbanization, Space, and Geography --Chapter 5. Design of Healthy Cities for Women /Birch, Eugenie L. --Chapter 6. Are Women Victims, or Are They Warriors? /Patel, Sheela --Chapter 7. Women with Disabilities and Cities /Correa-de-Araujo, Rosaly --Chapter 8. The Health and Well-Being of Immigrant Women in Urban Areas /Hilfinger Messias, DeAnne K. --Part III. Models of Excellence --Chapter 9. Women's Health in the Urban Community: National Institutes of Health Perspective /Pinn, Vivian W. / Corry, Nida H. --Chapter 10. Transforming Urban Environments /Cornman-Levy, Diane / Dyrness, Grace R. / Golden, Jane / Gouverneur, David / Grisso, Jeane Ann --Chapter 11. Bearing Witness: Women in Cities as Agents of Transformation for God /Dyrness, Grace R. --Chapter 12. Accessibility to Health Care in Urban Environments /Mwangangi, Francisca M. --Chapter 13. Mobilizing Communities to Prevent Violence Against Women and HIV in Kampala, Uganda /Musuya, Tina C. --Chapter 14. Philanthropy and Its Impact on Urban Women's Health --Afterword /Wachter, Susan M. --Notes --References --Contributors --Index --Acknowledgments /Meleis, Afaf I. / Birch, Eugenie L. / Wachter, Susan M.Growing urbanization affects women and men in fundamentally different ways, but the relationship between gender and city environments has been ignored or misunderstood. Women and men play different roles, frequent different public areas, and face different health risks. Women suffer disproportionately from disease, injury, and violence because their access to resources is often more limited than that of their male counterparts. Yet, when women are healthy and safe, so are their families and communities. Urban policy makers and public health professionals need to understand how conditions in densely populated places can help or harm the well-being of women in order to serve this large segment of humanity. Women's Health and the World's Cities illuminates the intersection of gender, health, and urban environments. This collection of essays examines the impact of urban living on the physical and psychological states of women and girls in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the United States. Urban planners, scholars, medical practitioners, and activists present original research and compelling ideas. They consider the specific needs of subpopulations of urban women and evaluate strategies for designing spaces, services, and infrastructure in ways that promote women's health. Women's Health and the World's Cities provides urban planners and public health care providers with on-the-ground examples of projects and policies that have changed women's lives for the better.City in the twenty-first century book series.Urban womenHealth and hygieneUrban womenSocial conditionsUrban healthWomen's health servicesUrbanizationEnvironmental aspectsUrbanizationSocial aspectsElectronic books.Urban womenHealth and hygiene.Urban womenSocial conditions.Urban health.Women's health services.UrbanizationEnvironmental aspects.UrbanizationSocial aspects.362.1082Birch Eugenie L.Meleis Afaf IbrahimWachter Susan M.DE-B1597DE-B1597BOOK9910463863903321Women's Health and the World's Cities2486507UNINA11297nam 2200733 450 991013679520332120221206103854.01-119-06529-11-119-06532-11-119-06531-310.1002/9781119065296(CKB)3710000000645302(EBL)4505259(OCoLC)933211555(SSID)ssj0001652645(PQKBManifestationID)16427837(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001652645(PQKBWorkID)14857769(PQKB)10681486(PQKBManifestationID)16249621(PQKBWorkID)14857711(PQKB)22975208(MiAaPQ)EBC4505259(CaBNVSL)mat08039578(IDAMS)0b00006485f0d4ff(IEEE)8039578(DLC) 2015049974(PPN)226272265(EXLCZ)99371000000064530220171024d2008 uy engur|n|---|||||txtccrInterference analysis modelling radio systems for spectrum management /John A. PahlChichester, UK ;Hoboken, NJ :Wiley,2016.[Piscataqay, New Jersey] :IEEE Xplore,[2016]1 online resource (750 p.)Description based upon print version of record.1-119-06528-3 Includes bibliographical references and index.-- Foreword xiii -- Preface xv -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 Motivations and Target Audience 2 -- 1.2 Book Structure 2 -- 1.3 Chapter Structure and Additional Resources 3 -- 1.4 Case Study: How to Observe Interference 3 -- 2 Motivations 6 -- 2.1 Why Undertake Interference Analysis? 6 -- 2.2 Drivers of Change 7 -- 2.3 The Regulatory Framework 8 -- 2.4 International Regulations 10 -- 2.4.1 History and Structure 10 -- 2.4.2 The Radiocommunication Sector 13 -- 2.4.3 Radio Regulations 15 -- 2.4.4 World Radiocommunication Conference 23 -- 2.4.5 Study Groups and Working Parties 24 -- 2.4.6 Recommendations and Reports 25 -- 2.5 Updating the Radio Regulations and Recommendations 27 -- 2.6 Meetings and Presenting Results 29 -- 2.7 National Regulators 34 -- 2.8 Regional and Industry Organisations 35 -- 2.9 Frequency Assignment and Planning 37 -- 2.10 Coordination 40 -- 2.11 Types of Interference Analysis 42 -- 2.12 Further Reading and Next Steps 42 -- 3 Fundamental Concepts 43 -- 3.1 Radiocommunication Systems 43 -- 3.2 Radio Waves and Decibels 46 -- 3.3 The Power Calculation 49 -- 3.4 Carrier Types and Modulation 52 -- 3.4.1 Overview 52 -- 3.4.2 Analogue Modulation 53 -- 3.4.3 Digital Modulation 55 -- 3.4.4 Frequency Hopping and OFDM 60 -- 3.4.5 Digital Modulation Selection 62 -- 3.4.6 Pulse Modulation and UWB 64 -- 3.4.7 Filtering 64 -- 3.5 Multiple Access Methods 66 -- 3.5.1 Overview 66 -- 3.5.2 Collision Sensing Multiple Access 68 -- 3.5.3 Frequency Division Multiple Access 69 -- 3.5.4 Time Division Multiple Access 70 -- 3.5.5 Code Division Multiple Access 71 -- 3.5.6 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access 75 -- 3.6 Noise Temperature and Reference Points 75 -- 3.7 Antennas 82 -- 3.7.1 Basic Concepts 82 -- 3.7.2 Beams and Beamwidths 85 -- 3.7.3 Common Gain Pattern Types 85 -- 3.7.4 Isotropic Gain Pattern 88 -- 3.7.5 Parabolic Dish Antennas 88 -- 3.7.6 Elliptical Patterns 92 -- 3.7.7 Phased Array Antennas 95 -- 3.7.8 Azimuth Dependent Antennas 96 -- 3.7.9 Elevation Dependent Antennas 98.3.7.10 Azimuth and Elevation Slices 99 -- 3.7.11 3D Gain Tables 100 -- 3.7.12 Antenna Pointing Methods 101 -- 3.8 Geometry and Dynamics 101 -- 3.8.1 Geometric Frameworks 101 -- 3.8.2 Flat Earth Vectors 103 -- 3.8.3 Earth Spherical Coordinates 105 -- 3.8.4 ECI Vector Coordinates 110 -- 3.8.5 Ellipsoidal Earth and Orbit Models 120 -- 3.8.6 Delay and Doppler 121 -- 3.9 Calculation of Angles 122 -- 3.9.1 Azimuth and Elevation 122 -- 3.9.2 Terrestrial 123 -- 3.9.3 Satellite 123 -- 3.9.4 Angles in the Antenna Frame 124 -- 3.9.5 Off-Axis Angle from ECI Vectors 125 -- 3.9.6 Theta Phi Coordinates 127 -- 3.10 Statistics and Distributions 128 -- 3.11 Link Budgets and Metrics 133 -- 3.12 Spectrum Efficiency and Requirements 138 -- 3.13 Worked Example 140 -- 3.14 Further Reading and Next Steps 142 -- 4 Propagation Models 144 -- 4.1 Overview 145 -- 4.2 The Propagation Environment 148 -- 4.2.1 Effective Earth Radius 148 -- 4.2.2 Geoclimatic and Meteorological Parameters 150 -- 4.2.3 Radio Climatic Zones 150 -- 4.2.4 Terrain and Surface Databases 152 -- 4.2.5 Land Use Databases 155 -- 4.2.6 Signal Variation and Fast Fading 156 -- 4.3 Terrestrial Propagation Models 160 -- 4.3.1 P.525: Free Space Path Loss 160 -- 4.3.2 P.526: Diffraction 161 -- 4.3.3 P.530: Multipath and Rain Fade 165 -- 4.3.4 P.452: Interference Prediction 169 -- 4.3.5 P.1546: Point-to-Area Prediction 173 -- 4.3.6 P.1812: Point-to-Area Prediction 177 -- 4.3.7 P.2001: Wide-Range Propagation Model 179 -- 4.3.8 Hata/COST 231 Median Loss Model 182 -- 4.3.9 Appendix 7 184 -- 4.3.10 Generic Models 188 -- 4.3.11 Other Propagation Models 192 -- 4.3.12 Comparing Terrestrial Propagation Models 193 -- 4.4 Earth to Space Propagation Models 199 -- 4.4.1 P.676: Gaseous Attenuation 199 -- 4.4.2 P.618: Rain Loss and Noise Rise 201 -- 4.5 Aeronautical Propagation Models 205 -- 4.6 Additional Attenuations 205 -- 4.7 Radio Path Geometry 208 -- 4.8 Percentages of Time and Correlation 209 -- 4.9 Selection of Propagation Model 214 -- 4.10 Further Reading and Next Steps 216.5 The Interference Calculation 217 -- 5.1 Bandwidths and Domains 218 -- 5.2 Bandwidth Adjustment Factor 221 -- 5.3 Spectrum Masks, Ratios and Guard Bands 224 -- 5.3.1 Transmit Mask and Calculated Bandwidth 224 -- 5.3.2 Standards and Spectrum Emission Masks 228 -- 5.3.3 The Mask Integration Adjustment Factor 232 -- 5.3.4 Frequency-Dependent Rejection and Net Filter Discrimination Terminology 239 -- 5.3.5 Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio, ACS and Adjacent Channel Interference Ratio 242 -- 5.3.6 Spurious Emissions and dBc 245 -- 5.3.7 Intermodulation 246 -- 5.3.8 Block Edge Masks and Guard Bands 250 -- 5.4 Polarisation 254 -- 5.5 Adaptive Systems: Frequency, Power and Modulation 258 -- 5.5.1 Dynamic Frequency Selection 258 -- 5.5.2 Automatic Power Control 259 -- 5.5.3 Adaptive Coding and Modulation 262 -- 5.6 End-to-End Performance 263 -- 5.7 Modelling Deployment and Traffic 266 -- 5.7.1 Deployment Range 266 -- 5.7.2 Activity Models and Erlangs 269 -- 5.7.3 Traffic Type 272 -- 5.7.4 Deployment Models 273 -- 5.7.5 Aggregation Techniques 275 -- 5.8 Link Design and Margin 276 -- 5.9 Interference Apportionment and Thresholds 281 -- 5.9.1 Interference Margin 281 -- 5.9.2 Interference Apportionment 284 -- 5.9.3 Short-Term and Long-Term Thresholds 286 -- 5.9.4 Thresholds and Bandwidths 289 -- 5.10 Types of Interference Thresholds 292 -- 5.10.1 C/I and W/U Ratios 293 -- 5.10.2 FDP 297 -- 5.10.3 C/(N + I) and BER 301 -- 5.10.4 Unavailability 303 -- 5.10.5 Coverage, Range and Capacity 304 -- 5.10.6 Observation Duration and Locations 307 -- 5.10.7 Radar and Aeronautical Thresholds 307 -- 5.10.8 Channel Sharing Ratio 308 -- 5.10.9 Field Strength, PFD and EPFD 309 -- 5.10.10 Margin over Threshold 312 -- 5.11 Interference Mitigation 314 -- 5.11.1 Transmit Power and Bandwidth 315 -- 5.11.2 Antenna Gain Patterns 316 -- 5.11.3 Antenna Pointing 318 -- 5.11.4 Locations, Zones and Separation Distance 318 -- 5.11.5 Deployment Likelihood 320 -- 5.11.6 Noise, Feed Loss and Interference Margin 320.5.11.7 Receiver Processing 321 -- 5.11.8 Time and Traffic 321 -- 5.11.9 Polarisation 322 -- 5.11.10 Antenna Height 323 -- 5.11.11 Operate Indoors 323 -- 5.11.12 Improved Filtering and Guard Bands 323 -- 5.11.13 Site Shielding 325 -- 5.11.14 Spectrum Sensing and Geodatabases 325 -- 5.11.15 Wanted System Modifications 325 -- 5.11.16 Modelling Methodology 326 -- 5.12 Further Reading and Next Steps 327 -- 6 Interference Analysis Methodologies 328 -- 6.1 Methodologies and Studies 329 -- 6.2 Example Scenarios 331 -- 6.2.1 IMT Sharing with Satellite ES 331 -- 6.2.2 Sharing Between Non-GSO MSS and FS 334 -- 6.3 Static Analysis 338 -- 6.4 Input Variation Analysis 344 -- 6.5 Area and Boundary Analysis 347 -- 6.5.1 Area Analysis 347 -- 6.5.2 Boundary Analysis 351 -- 6.6 Minimum Coupling Loss and Required Separation Distance 353 -- 6.7 Analytic Analysis 357 -- 6.8 Dynamic Analysis 363 -- 6.9 Monte Carlo Analysis 373 -- 6.9.1 Methodology 373 -- 6.9.2 Variation of Inputs 378 -- 6.9.3 Output Statistics and U Parameter Variation 380 -- 6.9.4 Example Monte Carlo Analysis 382 -- 6.9.5 LTE Downlink Link Budget 384 -- 6.9.6 Statistical Significance 385 -- 6.9.7 Deployment Analysis 392 -- 6.9.8 Conclusions 394 -- 6.10 Area and Two-Stage Monte Carlo 395 -- 6.11 Probabilistic Analysis 401 -- 6.12 Selection of Methodology 402 -- 6.13 Study Projects and Working Methods 404 -- 6.14 Further Reading and Next Steps 407 -- 7 Specific Algorithms and Services 408 -- 7.1 Fixed Service Planning 409 -- 7.1.1 Overview 409 -- 7.1.2 Link Planning 410 -- 7.1.3 Interference Thresholds 412 -- 7.1.4 High versus Low Site 415 -- 7.1.5 Channel Selection 416 -- 7.2 Private Mobile Radio 417 -- 7.2.1 Overview 417 -- 7.2.2 Coverage Calculation 418 -- 7.2.3 PSA and Uplink Calculations 422 -- 7.2.4 Thresholds and Propagation Model 422 -- 7.2.5 Compatibility Checks 424 -- 7.2.6 Channel Sharing Ratio 427 -- 7.2.7 Sharing with Other Services 430 -- 7.3 Broadcasting 431 -- 7.3.1 Threshold Calculation 431 -- 7.3.2 Coverage Prediction 434.7.3.3 Statistical Power Summation 437 -- 7.3.4 Single-Frequency Networks 442 -- 7.4 Earth Station Coordination 443 -- 7.5 GSO Satellite Coordination 450 -- 7.5.1 Regulatory Background 450 -- 7.5.2 Coordination Triggers 454 -- 7.5.3 Detailed Coordination 457 -- 7.5.4 Coordination and Regulatory Constraints 464 -- 7.5.5 Gain Patterns 465 -- 7.6 EPFD and Rec. ITU-R S.1503 467 -- 7.6.1 Background 467 -- 7.6.2 Exclusion Zones and the α Angle 471 -- 7.6.3 EPFD Validation Methodology 475 -- 7.6.4 EPFD Calculation 479 -- 7.7 The Radar Equation 483 -- 7.8 N-Systems Methodology 488 -- 7.9 Generic Radio Modelling Tool 494 -- 7.10 White Space Devices 501 -- 7.10.1 Background and Services 501 -- 7.10.2 FCC Methodology 504 -- 7.10.3 Ofcom Methodology 506 -- 7.10.4 Comparison of Approaches 511 -- 7.11 Final Thoughts 514 -- References 515 -- Acronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols 522 -- Index 530.RadioInterferenceMathematical modelsRadioTransmitters and transmissionMathematical modelsElectromagnetic wavesTransmissionMathematical modelsRadio frequency allocationManagementRadioInterferenceMathematical models.RadioTransmitters and transmissionMathematical models.Electromagnetic wavesTransmissionMathematical models.Radio frequency allocationManagement.621.382/24Pahl John A.908041CaBNVSLCaBNVSLCaBNVSLBOOK9910136795203321Interference analysis2030979UNINA