05005oam 2200685 450 991013153250332120230803213713.0(CKB)3710000000504552(SSID)ssj0001664960(PQKBManifestationID)16453777(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001664960(PQKBWorkID)14999626(PQKB)11137407(WaSeSS)IndRDA00055868(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/41474(EXLCZ)99371000000050455220160829h20142014 uy 0engurmn#---|||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierAstrocytic-neuronal-astrocytic pathway selection for formation and degradation of glutamate/GABA[electronic resource] /Leif Hertz and Tiago B. RodriguesFrontiers Media SA2014Lausanne, Switzerland :Frontiers Media SA,2014.©20141 online resource (168 pages) illustrations; digital, PDF file(s)Frontiers Research Topics.Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: MonographPublished in Frontiers in Endocrinology.2-88919-243-1 Includes bibliographical references.One research field that early recognized the importance of intercellular interactions was endocrinology, initially in processes involved in lactation, pubertal maturation and regulation of the female ovarian cycle and later in appetite regulation. These interactions included, but were not restricted to neuronal-astrocytic interactions. The importance of glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling during all of these events is now realized. At the same time huge advances have been made in i) determination of metabolic rates in the human and rodent brain in vivo, including oxidative metabolism rates in astrocytes which per volume are at par with those in neurons; ii) understanding the unique ability of astrocytes, but not neurons to synthetize tricarboxylic acid intermediates necessary for net synthesis of glutamate and thereby also GABA; iii) determination of the rates at which such synthesis occurs, and iv) the two-fold higher rates at which glutamate and GABA are cycled between astrocytes and neurons in the brain in vivo. This quantitative difference reflects that most transmitter uptake, especially that of glutamate, occurs in astrocytes and that on average two thirds of astrocytically accumulated neuronal transmitters are recycled to neurons, whereas the last one third is oxidatively degraded, mainly or exclusively in astrocytes. The progress in these areas puts emphasis on i) firmly establishing whether or not aralar, a necessary component of the aspartate/glutamate exchanger in the malate-aspartate cycle is expressed in astrocytes, and ii) the detailed processes occurring in astrocytes and in neurons during the formation and subsequent oxidative degradation of transmitter glutamate and GABA. Initial observations by different groups showed no astrocytic aralar expression in mature brain. However, a recent paper by Pardo et al. (J. Cereb Blood Flow & Met.) used improved cytochemical techniques and showed some protein expression in astrocytes in mature brain; Hertz (same journal) calculated that the amount would be sufficient for normal oxidative degradation. However, there are indications that the astrocytic-neuronal-astrocytic interactions in formation, transfer and re-oxidation of transmitter glutamate and GABA may repeatedely require additional MAS function. Equal expression of aralar mRNA has been shown by the Nedergaard group in neurons and astrocytes obtained by fluorescence-activated cell sorting of brain cells from mice co-expressing astrocytic and neuronal markers with different fluorescent signals. This has recently been confirmed and also shown to be the case for aralar protein (J. Neurochem, under revision).EndocrinologyNeuroscienceHILCCHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyHILCCHealth & Biological SciencesHILCCBrain glutaminebrain metabolismAppetite RegulationAstrocyte-oligdendrocyte interactionBrain ammoniaGABAAstrocytic gene expressionpancreatic isletsBrain aspartateBrain glutamateEndocrinology.NeuroscienceHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyHealth & Biological SciencesTiago B. Rodriguesauth1376089Rodrigues Tiago B.Hertz LeifPQKBUkMaJRUBOOK9910131532503321Astrocytic-neuronal-astrocytic pathway selection for formation and degradation of glutamate3411380UNINA02184oam 2200493I 450 991016282970332120240505181842.01-134-88860-01-315-54196-31-134-88853-810.4324/9781315541969 (CKB)3710000001021936(MiAaPQ)EBC4778813(OCoLC)956530349(EXLCZ)99371000000102193620180706d2017 uy 0engurcnu||||||||rdacontentrdamediardacarrierChild-initiated play and learning planning for possibilities in the early years /edited by Annie WoodsSecond edition.London ;New York :Routledge,2017.1 online resource (153 pages)"A David Fulton book."1-138-68819-3 1-138-68818-5 Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.1. Planning for endless possibilities / Catherine Gripton -- 2. Planning for possibilities with parents / Vicky McEwan -- 3. Exploring the possibilities of children's voice / Moira Moran -- 4. Exploiting outdoor possibilities for all children / Annie Woods and Val Hall -- 5. Planning for risky possibilities in play / Cyndy Hawkins -- 6. Play as a space for possibilities / Moira Moran and Victoria Brown -- 7. The possibilities for assessment / Victoria Brown -- 8. Leading possibilities / Annie Woods and Lorna Wardle.Child Initiated Play and Learning shows how a creative approach to learning that allows for spontaneous adventures in play through child-led projects can lead to rich learning experiences that build on children's own interests.Lesson planningEarly childhood educationLesson planning.Early childhood education.372.21Woods Annie923093MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910162829703321Child-initiated play and learning2210860UNINA