03548nam 2200577 450 991080817350332120231206213801.00-8157-2890-5(CKB)3710000000760408(EBL)4551816(OCoLC)948669357(MdBmJHUP)muse53661(Au-PeEL)EBL4551816(CaPaEBR)ebr11241957(CaONFJC)MIL985524(MiAaPQ)EBC4551816(EXLCZ)99371000000076040820160823h20162016 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierAgainst the death penalty[electronic resource] /Justice Stephen Breyer ; edited by John BesslerWashington, District of Columbia :Brookings Institution Press,2016.©20161 online resource (174 pages)Includes index.0-8157-2889-1 Front Cover; Front Flap; Title Page; Copyright Information; Table of Contents; Introduction; Justice Breyer's Dissent in Glossip V. Gross; Appendices; Notes; Index; Back Flap; Back Cover"A landmark dissenting opinion arguing against the death penalty Does the death penalty violate the Constitution? In Against the Death Penalty, Justice Stephen G. Breyer argues that it does: that it is carried out unfairly and inconsistently, and thus violates the ban on "cruel and unusual punishments" specified by the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution. "Today's administration of the death penalty," Breyer writes, "involves three fundamental constitutional defects: (1) serious unreliability, (2) arbitrariness in application, and (3) unconscionably long delays that undermine the death penalty's penological purpose. Perhaps as a result, (4) most places within the United States have abandoned its use." This volume contains Breyer's dissent in the case of Glossip v. Gross, which involved an unsuccessful challenge to Oklahoma's use of a lethal-injection drug because it might cause severe pain. Justice Breyer's legal citations have been edited to make them understandable to a general audience, but the text retains the full force of his powerful argument that the time has come for the Supreme Court to revisit the constitutionality of the death penalty. Breyer was joined in his dissent from the bench by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Their passionate argument has been cited by many legal experts - including fellow Justice Antonin Scalia - as signaling an eventual Court ruling striking down the death penalty. A similar dissent in 1963 by Breyer's mentor, Justice Arthur J. Goldberg, helped set the stage for a later ruling, imposing what turned out to be a four-year moratorium on executions"--Provided by publisher.Capital punishmentUnited StatesCapital PunishmentPolitical ActivismPolitical scienceGlossip v. Gross, 576 U.S. -- (2015)Capital punishmentCapital Punishment.Political Activism.Political science.345.73/0773POL040030POL022000POL035010POL016000bisacshBreyer Stephen G.1938-263548Bessler John D.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910808173503321Against the death penalty3987540UNINA05337nam 2200637Ia 450 991013086530332120240516064312.01-283-40566-097866134056611-118-30297-41-119-99731-31-119-99836-0(CKB)3460000000003363(SSID)ssj0000476964(PQKBManifestationID)11317149(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000476964(PQKBWorkID)10502253(PQKB)10686836(OCoLC)760886334(MiAaPQ)EBC699505(Au-PeEL)EBL699505(CaPaEBR)ebr10510633(CaONFJC)MIL340566(EXLCZ)99346000000000336320110105d2011 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrElements of modern X-ray physics /Jens Als-Nielsen, Des McMorrow2nd ed.Chichester, West Sussex John Wiley2011xii, 419 p. ill. (some col.)Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph0-470-97394-3 0-470-97395-1 Includes bibliographical references and index.Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Preface to the first edition -- Acknowledgements from the first edition -- Notes on the use of this book -- Chapter 1 X-rays and their interaction with matter -- 1.1 X-rays: waves and photons -- 1.2 Scattering -- 1.3 Absorption -- 1.4 Refraction and reflection -- 1.5 Coherence -- 1.6 Magnetic interactions -- 1.7 Further reading -- Chapter 2 Sources -- 2.1 Early history and the X-ray tube -- 2.2 Introduction to synchrotron radiation -- 2.3 Synchrotron radiation from a circular arc -- 2.4 Undulator radiation -- 2.5 Wiggler radiation -- 2.6 Free-electron lasers -- 2.7 Compact light sources -- 2.8 Coherence volume and photon degeneracy -- 2.9 Further reading -- 2.10 Exercises -- Chapter 3 Refraction and reflection from interfaces -- 3.1 Refraction and phase shift in scattering -- 3.2 Refractive index and scattering length density -- 3.3 Refractive index including absorption -- 3.4 Snell's law and the Fresnel equations in the X-ray region -- 3.5 Reflection from a homogeneous slab -- 3.6 Specular reflection from multilayers -- 3.7 Reflectivity from a graded interface -- 3.8 Rough interfaces and surfaces -- 3.9 Examples of reflectivity studies -- 3.10 X-ray optics -- 3.11 Further reading -- 3.12 Exercises -- Chapter 4 Kinematical scattering I: non-crystalline materials -- 4.1 Two electrons -- 4.2 Scattering from an atom -- 4.3 Scattering from a molecule -- 4.4 Scattering from liquids and glasses -- 4.5 Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) -- 4.6 Further reading -- 4.7 Exercises -- Chapter 5 Kinematical scattering II: crystalline order -- 5.1 Scattering from a crystal -- 5.2 Quasiperiodic structures -- 5.3 Crystal truncation rods -- 5.4 Lattice vibrations, the Debye-Waller factor and TDS -- 5.5 The measured intensity from a crystallite -- 5.6 Applications of kinematical diffraction.5.7 Further reading -- 5.8 Exercises -- Chapter 6 Diffraction by perfect crystals -- 6.1 One atomic layer: reflection and transmission -- 6.2 Kinematical reflection from a few layers -- 6.3 Darwin theory and dynamical diffraction -- 6.4 The Darwin reflectivity curve -- 6.5 DuMond diagrams -- 6.6 Further reading -- 6.7 Exercises -- Chapter 7 Photoelectric absorption -- 7.1 X-ray absorption by an isolated atom -- 7.2 EXAFS and near-edge structure -- 7.3 X-ray dichroism -- 7.4 ARPES -- 7.5 Further reading -- 7.6 Exercises -- Chapter 8 Resonant scattering -- 8.1 The forced charged oscillator model -- 8.2 The atom as an assembly of oscillators -- 8.3 The Kramers-Kronig relations -- 8.4 Numerical estimate of f -- 8.5 Breakdown of Friedel's law and Bijvoet pairs -- 8.6 The phase problem in crystallography -- 8.7 Quantum mechanical description -- 8.8 Further reading -- 8.9 Exercises -- Chapter 9 Imaging -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Absorption contrast imaging -- 9.3 Phase contrast imaging -- 9.4 Coherent diffraction imaging -- 9.5 Holography -- 9.6 Further reading -- 9.7 Exercises -- A Scattering and absorption cross-sections -- B Classical electric dipole radiation -- C Quantization of the electromagnetic field -- D Gaussian statistics -- E Fourier transforms -- F Comparison of X-rays with neutrons -- G MATLAB® computer programs -- H Answers to exercises and hints -- Bibliography -- Index -- List of symbols -- EULA."Although the book has been written from the perspective of two physicists, we hope that it will be useful to the wider community of biologists, chemists, material scientists, etc., who work at synchrotron radiation facilities around the world"--Provided by publisher.X-raysElectromagnetic wavesX-rays.Electromagnetic waves.539.7/222SCI077000bisacshAls-Nielsen J(Jens),1937-914386McMorrow Des914387MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910130865303321Elements of modern X-ray physics2048554UNINA