00875nam0-22003011i-450-99000561612040332120060614103321.0000561612FED01000561612(Aleph)000561612FED0100056161219990604d1936----km-y0itay50------baitaa-------00---Villa Adriana e Villa d'EsteGioacchino ManciniRomaLibr. dello Stato193653 p.ill.19 cmItinerari dei musei e monumenti d'Italia34MuseiItaliaGuide708.521itaMancini,Gioacchino207694ITUNINARICAUNIMARCBK990005616120403321708.5 MUS 1 (36)ST.ARTE 184FLFBCFLFBCVilla Adriana e villa D'Este599870UNINA09213nam 2200733 450 991013943720332120221206161715.01-282-69096-597866126909690-470-51985-10-470-51984-310.1002/9780470519851(CKB)2500000000001394(EBL)530038(SSID)ssj0000430123(PQKBManifestationID)11317316(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000430123(PQKBWorkID)10452833(PQKB)11622518(MiAaPQ)EBC530038(CaBNVSL)mat08040225(IDAMS)0b00006485f0e801(IEEE)8040225(PPN)252563166(OCoLC)587389149(EXLCZ)99250000000000139420171024d2008 uy engur|n|---|||||txtccrTrust theory a socio-cognitive and computational model /Cristiano Castelfranchi, Rino FalconeChichester, West Sussex, U.K. :J. Wiley,2010.[Piscataqay, New Jersey] :IEEE Xplore,[2010]1 online resource (387 p.)Wiley series in agent technologyIncludes index.0-470-02875-0 Includes bibliographical references (p. 354-357) and index.Foreword -- Introduction -- 1 Definitions of Trust: From Conceptual Components to the General Core -- 1.1 A Content Analysis -- 1.2 Missed Components and Obscure Links -- 1.3 Intentional Action and Lack of Controllability: Relying on What is Beyond Our Power -- 1.4 Two Intertwined Notions of Trust: Trust as Attitude vs. Trust as Act -- 1.5 A Critique of Some Significant Definitions of Trust -- References -- 2 Socio-Cognitive Model of Trust: Basic Ingredients -- 2.1 A Five-Part Relation and a Layered Model -- 2.2 Trust as Mental Attitude: a Belief-Based and Goal-Based Model -- 2.3 Expectations: Their Nature and Cognitive Anatomy -- 2.4 'No Danger': Negative or Passive or Defensive Trust -- 2.5 Weakening the Belief-Base: Implicit Beliefs, Acceptances, and Trust by-Default -- 2.6 From Disposition to Action -- 2.7 Can we Decide to Trust? -- 2.8 Risk, Investment and Bet -- 2.9 Trust and Delegation -- 2.10 The Other Parts of the Relation: the Delegated Task and the Context -- 2.11 Genuine Social Trust: Trust and Adoption -- 2.12 Resuming the Model -- References -- 3 Socio-Cognitive Model of Trust: Quantitative Aspects -- 3.1 Degrees of Trust: a Principled Quantification of Trust -- 3.2 Relationships between Trust in Beliefs and Trust in Action and Delegation -- 3.3 A Belief-Based Degree of Trust -- 3.4 To Trust or Not to Trust: Degrees of Trust and Decision to Trust -- 3.5 Positive Trust is not Enough: a Variable Threshold for Risk Acceptance/Avoidance -- 3.6 Generalizing the Trust Decision to a Set of Agents -- 3.7 When Trust is Too Few or Too Much -- 3.8 Conclusions -- References -- 4 The Negative Side: Lack of Trust, Implicit Trust, Mistrust, Doubts and Diffidence -- 4.1 From Lack of Trust to Diffidence: Not Simply a Matter of Degree -- 4.2 Lack of Trust -- 4.3 The Complete Picture -- 4.4 In Sum -- 4.5 Trust and Fear -- 4.6 Implicit and by Default Forms of Trust -- 4.7 Insufficient Trust -- 4.8 Trust on Credit: The Game of Ignorance -- References -- 5 The Affective and Intuitive Forms of Trust: The Confidence We Inspire.5.1 Two Forms of 'Evaluation' -- 5.2 The Dual Nature of Valence: Cognitive Evaluations Versus Intuitive Appraisal -- 5.3 Evaluations -- 5.4 Appraisal -- 5.5 Relationships Between Appraisal and Evaluation -- 5.6 Trust as Feeling -- 5.7 Trust Disposition as an Emotion and Trust Action as an Impulse -- 5.8 Basing Trust on the Emotions of the Other -- 5.9 The Possible Affective Base of 'Generalized Trust' and 'Trust Atmosphere' -- 5.10 Layers and Paths -- 5.11 Conclusions About Trust and Emotions -- References -- 6 Dynamics of Trust -- 6.1 Mental Ingredients in Trust Dynamics -- 6.2 Experience as an Interpretation Process: Causal Attribution for Trust -- 6.3 Changing the Trustee's Trustworthiness -- 6.4 The Dynamics of Reciprocal Trust and Distrust -- 6.5 The Diffusion of Trust: Authority, Example, Contagion, Web of Trust -- 6.6 Trust Through Transfer and Generalization -- 6.7 The Relativity of Trust: Reasons for Trust Crisis -- 6.8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 7 Trust, Control and Autonomy: A Dialectic Relationship -- 7.1 Trust and Control: A Complex Relationship -- 7.2 Adjusting Autonomy and Delegation on the Basis of Trust in Y -- 7.3 Conclusions -- References -- 8 The Economic Reductionism and Trust (Ir)rationality -- 8.1 Irrational Basis for Trust? -- 8.2 Is Trust an 'Optimistic' and Irrational Attitude and Decision? -- 8.3 Is Trust Just the Subjective Probability of the Favorable Event? -- 8.4 Trust in Game Theory: from Opportunism to Reciprocity -- 8.5 Trust Game: A Procuste's Bed for Trust Theory -- 8.6 Does Trust Presuppose Reciprocity? -- 8.7 The Varieties of Trust Responsiveness -- 8.8 Trusting as Signaling -- 8.9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 9 The Glue of Society -- 9.1 Why Trust is the 'Glue of Society' -- 9.2 Trust and Social Order -- 9.3 How the Action of Trust Acquires the Social Function of Creating Trust -- 9.4 From Micro to Macro: a Web of Trust -- 9.5 Trust and Contracts -- 9.6 Is Trust Based on Norms? -- 9.7 Trust: The Catalyst of Institutions.References -- 10 On the Trustee's Side: Trust As Relational Capital -- 10.1 Trust and Relational Capital -- 10.2 Cognitive Model of Being Trusted -- 10.3 Dynamics of Relational Capital -- 10.4 From Trust Relational Capital to Reputational Capital -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References -- 11 A Fuzzy Implementation for the Socio-Cognitive Approach to Trust -- 11.1 Using a Fuzzy Approach -- 11.2 Scenarios -- 11.3 Belief Sources -- 11.4 Building Belief Sources -- 11.5 Implementation with Nested FCMs -- 11.6 Converging and Diverging Belief Sources -- 11.7 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Sources -- 11.8 Modeling Beliefs and Sources -- 11.9 Overview of the Implementation -- 11.10 Description of the Model -- 11.11 Running the Model -- 11.12 Experimental Setting -- 11.13 Learning Mechanisms -- 11.14 Contract Nets for Evaluating Agent Trustworthiness -- References -- 12 Trust and Technology -- 12.1 Main Difference Between Security and Trust -- 12.2 Trust Models and Technology -- 12.3 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 13 Concluding Remarks and Pointers -- 13.1 Against Reductionism -- 13.2 Neuro-Trust and the Need for a Theoretical Model -- 13.3 Trust, Institutions, Politics (Some Pills of Reflection) -- References -- Index.This book provides an introduction, discussion, and formal-based modelling of trust theory and its applications in agent-based systems This book gives an accessible explanation of the importance of trust in human interaction and, in general, in autonomous cognitive agents including autonomous technologies. The authors explain the concepts of trust, and describe a principled, general theory of trust grounded on cognitive, cultural, institutional, technical, and normative solutions. This provides a strong base for the author's discussion of role of trust in agent-based systems supporting human-computer interaction and distributed and virtual organizations or markets (multi-agent systems). Key Features: . Provides an accessible introduction to trust, and its importance and applications in agent-based systems. Proposes a principled, general theory of trust grounding on cognitive, cultural, institutional, technical, and normative solutions. Offers a clear, intuitive approach, and systematic integration of relevant issues. Explains the dynamics of trust, and the relationship between trust and security. Offers operational definitions and models directly applicable both in technical and experimental domains. Includes a critical examination of trust models in economics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and AI This book will be a valuable reference for researchers and advanced students focused on information and communication technologies (computer science, artificial intelligence, organizational sciences, and knowledge management etc.), as well as Web-site and robotics designers, and for scholars working on human, social, and cultural aspects of technology. Professionals of ecommerce systems and peer-to-peer systems will also find this text of interest.Wiley series in agent technology.TrustTrustSimulation methodsArtificial intelligencePsychological aspectsCognitive scienceTrust.TrustSimulation methods.Artificial intelligencePsychological aspects.Cognitive science.006.3302/.1Castelfranchi Cristiano155966Falcone Rino960336CaBNVSLCaBNVSLCaBNVSLBOOK9910139437203321Trust theory2176810UNINA05480oam 2200445 450 991074628650332120231027193707.03-031-35628-4(MiAaPQ)EBC30750408(Au-PeEL)EBL30750408(EXLCZ)992827415840004120231006d2023 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierStructure and dynamics of compact stars /Omar BenharFirst edition.Cham, Switzerland :Springer International Publishing AG,[2023]©20231 online resource (xi, 169 pages) illustrations (some color)Lecture Notes in Physics SeriesPrint version: Benhar, Omar Structure and Dynamics of Compact Stars Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2023 9783031356278 Includes bibliographical references and index.Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Acronyms -- Physical and Astronomical Constants -- Part I White Dwarfs -- 1 The Prototype Compact Star -- 1.1 Discovery of White Dwarfs -- 1.2 Formation of White Dwarfs -- 1.3 Properties of the Degenerate Fermi Gas -- 1.3.1 Energy Density -- 1.3.2 Pressure -- 1.3.3 Relativistic Regime -- 1.4 Significance of the Equation of State -- 1.5 Equation of State of White Dwarf Matter -- 1.6 Equilibrium of White Dwarfs and Chandrasekhar Limit -- Part II Neutron Stars -- 2 Neutron Star Structure -- 2.1 Discovery of Neutron Stars -- 2.2 Overview of Neutron Star Composition -- 2.2.1 Outer Crust -- Inverse β-decay -- Neutronisation -- 2.2.2 Inner Crust -- Superfluidity and Superconductivity -- 3 The Neutron Star Core -- 3.1 Preamble -- 3.2 Constraints on the Nuclear Matter EOS -- 3.3 Microscopic Models of the Nuclear Matter EOS -- 3.3.1 Empirical Information on Nuclear Forces -- 3.3.2 The Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction -- 3.3.3 Irreducible Three-Nucleon Interactions -- 3.3.4 Non Relativistic Nuclear Many-Body Theory -- The Nuclear Many-Body Problem -- 3.3.5 Nuclear Matter Theory -- G-Matrix Perturbation Theory -- CBF Perturbation Theory -- The Equation of State of Akmal Pandharipande and Ravenhall -- 3.3.6 Relativistic Approaches -- The Relativistic Nuclear Hamiltonian -- 3.3.7 The σ-ω Model -- 3.4 The Equation of State of Charge-Neutral β-Stable Matter -- Appendix 1: Speed of Sound in Matter and Causality -- Appendix 2: Derivation of Yukawa's OPE Potential -- The Two-Nucleon System -- The Two-Nucleon Interaction -- 4 Exotic Forms of Matter -- 4.1 Stability of Strange Baryonic Matter -- 4.1.1 Hyperon Interactions -- 4.2 Deconfinement and Quark Matter -- 4.2.1 The MIT Bag Model -- 4.2.2 The Equation of State of Quark Matter -- 4.3 The Nuclear Matter-Quark Matter Phase Transition -- 4.3.1 Coexisting Phases vs Mixed Phase.4.3.2 Stability of the Mixed Phase -- 4.3.3 Strange Stars -- Appendix: Partition Function of Fermion Systems -- 5 Neutrino Emission from Neutron Stars -- 5.1 Direct Urca Process -- 5.1.1 Threshold of the Direct Urca Process -- 5.2 Modified Urca Processes -- 5.2.1 Neutron Branch -- 5.2.2 Proton Branch -- 5.3 Neutrino Bremsstrahlung in Nucleon-Nucleon Collisions -- Appendix 1: Neutron β-Decay Rate -- Appendix 2: Rate of the Direct Urca Process -- Calculation of A -- Calculation of I -- 6 Neutron Star Structure and Dynamics -- 6.1 Hydrostatic Equilibrium -- 6.2 Cooling -- 6.3 Tidal Deformation in Coalescing Binary Systems -- 6.4 Neutron Star Oscillations -- Part III Multimessenger Neutron Star Astronomy -- 7 Observational Constraints on Theoretical Models -- 7.1 The Golden Age of Neutron Stars -- 7.2 Measurements of Mass and Radius -- 7.3 Measurements of the Tidal Deformability -- 7.4 Measurements of Neutron Star Cooling -- 7.5 Towards Multimessenger Astronomy -- References -- Index.This book aims at providing an accessible, and yet comprehensive and self-contained discussion of compact stars. After a pedagogical introduction to the physics of white dwarfs, the bulk of the book is devoted to the analysis of the structure and dynamics of neutron stars. A great deal of emphasis is placed on the dynamical models underlying the description of neutron star matter at microscopic level. The analysis of these models is inherently cross-disciplinary - from nuclear and particle physics to astrophysics and condensed matter physics and the relevant concepts are introduced following a didactic approach, drawing largely on the historical development of the field. The impact of the latest experimental data, such as gravitational waves emissions, and the potential of future observational developments in the new era of multimessenger astronomy are extensively discussed. This volume is intended to provide PhD students in physics and astrophysics with solid foundations for their future research career. It is also a useful tool for the broader audience of more advanced readers, working in the fields of nuclear and particle physics as well as gravitational physics.Lecture notes in physics ;1019.Compact objects (Astronomy)Compact objects (Astronomy)523.887Benhar Omar732887MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910746286503321Structure and Dynamics of Compact Stars3568212UNINA