01235nam0-22004091i-450-99000240416040332120111019150608.0000240416FED01000240416(Aleph)000240416FED0100024041620030910d1977----km-y0itay50------baitaITEmbriologia umanasviluppo prenatale della forma e della funzioneW. J. Hamilton, H. W. Mossmantraduzione di Elio Borghese, Giacomo Giacobini, Vincenzo Tavormina4. ed.PadovaPiccin1977638 p.ill.25 cm2001Human embryology46616Embriologia616Hamilton,William James100964Mossman,Harland Winfield100966Borghese,ElioGiacobini,GiacomoTavormina,VincenzoITUNINARICAUNIMARCBK99000240416040332190 G 3B 01989FMEBC90 G 3B 021137FMEBCIIIe C 1178784DMVSFIIIe C 436702DMVSFFMEBCDMVSFHuman embryology46616UNINA04070nam 2200709 450 991046401460332120170815101858.01-4623-5176-X1-4527-3495-X97866128410191-282-84101-71-4518-7008-6(CKB)3170000000055028(EBL)1607874(SSID)ssj0000944042(PQKBManifestationID)11503140(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000944042(PQKBWorkID)10978600(PQKB)11273811(OCoLC)762076576(MiAaPQ)EBC1607874(EXLCZ)99317000000005502820140226h20082008 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrForeign reserve adequacy in Sub-Saharan Africa /Paulo Drummond and Anubha Dhasmana ; authorized for distribution by Andrew Berg[Washington, District of Columbia] :International Monetary Fund,2008.©20081 online resource (38 p.)IMF Working PapersIMF working paper ;WP/08/150Description based upon print version of record.1-4519-1461-X Includes bibliographical references.Contents; I. Introduction; II. Foreign Reserves in sub-Saharan Africa; Figures; 1. Reserves in Months of Imports; Tables; 1. Comparisons of International Reserves Across Regions, 1995-07; III. Shocks Facing Sub-Saharan Africa; 3. Reserves to Short-Term Debt <2, 2007; 4. Frequency Distributions of Key Parameters; 5. Frequency Distributions of Key Parameters; 6. Response of Key Macro Economic Variables to a Large TOT Schock; 7. Response of Key Macroeconomic Variables to a Large Aid Shock; IV. Small Open Economy with Two Goods; V. Simulation Results8. Optimal Reserve Behavior - Jeanne-Ranciere v.s. Two-Good9. Path of Consumption-Ranciere vs. Two-Good Model; 10. Optimal Reserve Behavior-Two Good Model with both TOT and Aid Shock [I]; 11. Optimal Reserve Behavior-Two Good Model with both TOT and Aid Shock [II]; 12. Actual Level of Reserves to GDP ratio for SSA countries; 13. Sensitivity of Optimal Reserves to Key Parameters; 14. Sensitivity of Optimal Reserves to Key Parameters; 15. Reserve Adequacy for African Countries Using Two-Good Model /1; VI. Conclusion; 16. Country Specific Application-Illustrative Examples.A1. Benchmark ParametersA2. Simulation Parameters for Countries; References; ReferencesThis paper looks at the question of adequacy of reserves in sub-Saharan African countries in light of the shocks faced by these countries. Literature on optimal reserves so far has not paid attention to the particular shocks facing low-income countries. We use a two-good endowment economy model facing terms of trade and aid shocks to derive the optimal level of reserves by comparing the cost of holding reserves with their benefits as an insurance against a shock. We find that the optimal level of reserves depends upon the size of these shocks, their probability, and the output cost associated IMF Working PapersForeign exchangeAfrica, Sub-SaharanEconometric modelsBank reservesAfrica, Sub-SaharanEconometric modelsForeign exchangeEconometric modelsBank reservesEconometric modelsElectronic books.Foreign exchangeEconometric models.Bank reservesEconometric models.Foreign exchangeEconometric models.Bank reservesEconometric models.332.410967Drummond Paulo872383Dhasmana Anubha872384Berg Andrew861129MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910464014603321Foreign reserve adequacy in Sub-Saharan Africa1947657UNINA