00790nam0-22002891i-450-99000148226040332120001010000148226FED01000148226(Aleph)000148226FED0100014822620001010d--------km-y0itay50------baengITa---a---001yyPlant exploration, collection and introductionby R. O. WhyteRomeF.A.O.1958117 p.25 cmAgricolturaWhyte,Robert Orr<1903- >129817ITUNINARICAUNIMARCBK990001482260403321L IB 2511218DBVDBVPlant exploration, collection and introduction378506UNINA08840nam 2200469 450 991062927620332120230320203040.0981-19-6124-7(MiAaPQ)EBC7134098(Au-PeEL)EBL7134098(CKB)25299359400041(OCoLC)1350687776(EXLCZ)992529935940004120230320d2022 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierSocial and economic transitions in China and India welfare and policy change /Keerty Nakray [and three others], editorsSingapore :Palgrave Macmillan,[2022]©20221 online resource (309 pages)Print version: Nakray, Keerty Social and Economic Transitions in China and India Singapore : Palgrave Macmillan US,c2022 9789811961236 Includes bibliographical references and index.Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- Demographic Changes in China and India -- Overview of the Chapters -- References -- Part I COVID-19 and the Welfare State -- 2 Response to COVID-19: China's Major Social Security Measures and Policy Considerations -- Introduction -- A Brief Review of the Social Security Fee Reduction Policies Since 2008 -- Analysis on Major Social Security Emergency Measures Adopted During the Pandemic -- Employment Protection -- Social Assistance -- Summary and Prospect -- References -- 3 Labour Markets of India During a Pandemic: Observations from an Ethnographic Survey: In Cities of Lucknow and Pune Narratives of Daily Wage Workers Across Mazdoor Mandis -- Introduction -- A Brief Glance at the Informal Economy -- Impact of a Curfew-Style National Lockdown on India's Informal Economy -- Analytical Findings -- Profile of the Respondents -- Nature of Work -- Number of Workdays -- Wages/Labour Charges Per Day -- Households Income and Expenditure -- Expenditure Composition -- Borrowings -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II Human Capital Developments in China and India -- 4 Divergence and Convergence of Policy Approaches in Universalizing Elementary Education in India and China -- Introduction -- Policy Approaches for Universalizing Free Education in India and China -- Universal Nine Years of Compulsory Education in China: The Evolving Process of Policy and Strategies -- From 1949 to 1978: Ideological Commitment Through the Egalitarian Model -- 1978-2000: Achieve NYCE in Decentralized Way with Some Attention to Least Developed Areas -- From 2000 Till Now: Focus on Removing Rural/Urban Disparities and Move the Quality to Next Level -- Universal Elementary Education in India After Independence: The Evolving Process of Policy and Strategies.1947-1989: Clear Constitutional Mandate with Weak Implementation -- 1990-2009: Political Will Strengthened in Multi-Party Competition and Confirmed by Constitutional Amendments -- From 2010 Till Now: More Attention to Quality and Equity -- Comparative Analysis -- Data Comparison and Analysis -- The Trend of UFE in India and China -- Comparative Analysis -- Explanations for the Policy Divergence: Ideas and Power Structure -- Ideas for Elementary Education for Nation Building -- Power Structure for the Agenda Setting and Implementation -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Transformation of China's Employment Structure Since the Reform and Opening-Up -- Introduction -- Characteristics of Labour Flow -- Flow from Rural to Urban -- Flow from Agriculture to Non-agricultural Industries -- Flow from Central and West Regions to Southeast Regions -- Furthering Reform and Structural Contradiction in Employment -- An Imbalance Between Labour Supply and Demand -- Imbalance of Industrial Employment Structure -- Imbalance of Regional Employment -- Causes of Contradiction -- Transformation of Population Structure -- Unmatched Structure of Education and Market -- Slow Upgrading of Industrial Structure -- Low Level of Urbanization Rate -- Existing Institutional Barriers -- Conclusions and Policy Implications -- References -- 6 Opportunities and Challenges for Migrant Workers in  Building a Well-off Society in an All-round Way -- Introduction -- Stage 1: Build a Well-off Society with Adequate Food and Clothing (1979-1990) -- Stage 2: Building an Overall Well-off  Society (1991-2000) -- Stage 3:  Building a Well-off Society in an All-round Way (2001-2020) -- References -- 7 China's Population Changes During the Past Seven Decades and Its Future Policy Reform -- Introduction -- From Encouraging Birth to Restricting Birth (1949-1957).The Situation in the 'Three-Year Difficult Period' and the Subsequent Population Rebound (1958-1976) -- The Implementation of the Family Planning Policy and the Arrival of the Low Birth Period (1978-2000) -- The Maintenance of Low Fertility Level and the Adjustment of Population Policy (2001-2018) -- Reforms of the Family Planning Policy and Future Population Policy -- Notes -- Part III Social, Cultural and Demographic Transitions and Welfare State Developments -- 8 The Process and Pattern of China's Population Modernization Over the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening: From Quantity Dividend to Quality Dividend -- Introduction -- Basic Connotations and Theoretical Frameworks for Analysis of Population Modernization -- Basic Connotations of Population Modernization -- Theoretical Frameworks for Analysis of Population Modernization -- Main Path of China's Population Modernization -- Modernization of population's Reproduction Pattern -- Modernization of Population Structure -- Population Age and Sex Pyramid -- Population Age Structure and Opportunity Window -- Population Urbanization and Urban-Rural Composition -- Modernization of Population Physical Quality -- Modernization of Population Cultural Quality -- Conclusions and Suggestions -- References -- 9 Religion and Social Policy: An Indian Perspective -- Introduction -- The State, Welfare and Civil Society -- Religion and/Development: Implications for Welfare? -- Cases in Point -- The Indian Case -- Welfare, Diversity and Culture -- References -- 10 The Legacy of Traditional Artisanal Production in Modern India: Missing Linkages with Welfare -- Introduction -- Artisan Labour in Indian Capitalist Economy: Theoretical Understanding -- Historical Determinants of Deindustrialisation -- Legal Barriers -- Understanding Khatri's Block-Printing: A Case-Study of Revival.Policy Implications and Concluding Remarks -- References -- 11 Right to Education of Persons with Disabilities -- International Framework -- National Framework -- Legislative Framework -- Policy Framework -- Gap in Dejure Position and Defacto Reality -- Current Education Status of the Disabled Population -- Inclusive Education: A Distant Goal in Reality -- Current Challenges to the Goal of Inclusive Education -- Constitutional Exclusion of PWDs Under A.15 &amp -- A. 16 -- Exclusionary Approach Under the RPWD Act -- Poor Implementation of the RPWD Act -- Statistical Crisis of Data -- Lack of Resources -- Lack of Trained Workforce -- Subsistence Over Education -- References -- 12 Development of the Old-Age Security System for Building a Well-Off Society -- Origin of the Issue -- Old-Age Security as a Key Part in Building a Well-Off Society -- Development of the Old-Age Security System in Building a Well-Off Society in All Respects -- Getting Started: Establishment of the Old-Age Security System -- Stable Growth: Developing the Old-Age Security System -- Gradual Perfection: Improving the Old-Age Security System -- Present Problems -- Development of the Old-Age Security System in the New Era -- References -- 13 Ageing, Demography, and Welfare States in China and India: Familial and Social Transitions -- Introduction -- Paradigms of Elderly Care in Times of Social Investment and Production -- Comparative Analysis of Chinese and Indian Approaches to Ageing and Welfare Regimes -- China -- India -- Policy Implications -- Conclusions -- References -- 14 Conclusion -- Index.Public welfareChinaChinaEconomic policyIndiaEconomic policyPublic welfare361.951Nakray KeertyMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910629276203321Social and economic transitions in China and India3073866UNINA