01079cam0-22003251i-450-99000437796040332120080610130633.090-272-3694-1000437796FED01000437796(Aleph)000437796FED0100043779619990604d1999----km-y0itay50------baengNLy-------001yyChinese dialect classificationa comparative approach to Harngjou, old Jintarn, and common northern WuRichard VanNess SimmonsAmsterdamBenjamins1999XVII, 317 p.23 cmAmsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic scienceSeries 4.Current issues in linguistic theory188Dialetti cinesi - Classificazione495.1721itVanness Simmons,Richard175595ITUNINARICAUNIMARCBK990004377960403321495.17 VAN 1FLFBCFLFBCChinese dialect classification542068UNINA05265nam 2200697 450 991078927400332120211002004354.01-4008-5162-910.1515/9781400851621(CKB)3710000000096249(EBL)1651876(OCoLC)875819048(SSID)ssj0001211498(PQKBManifestationID)11713207(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001211498(PQKBWorkID)11203806(PQKB)10456176(DE-B1597)453657(OCoLC)979835780(DE-B1597)9781400851621(Au-PeEL)EBL1651876(CaPaEBR)ebr10853265(CaONFJC)MIL586192(OCoLC)878146813(MiAaPQ)EBC1651876(EXLCZ)99371000000009624920140412h20012001 uy 0engurnn#---|u||utxtccrThe big problem of small change /Thomas J. Sargent, François R. VeldeCourse BookPrinceton, New Jersey ;Oxfordshire, England :Princeton University Press,2001.©20011 online resource (429 p.)Princeton Economic History of the Western WorldDescription based upon print version of record.0-691-11635-0 Includes bibliographical references and indexes.Front matter --Contents --Illustrations --Tables --Preface --Acknowledgments --Part I. A Problem and Its Cure --Chapter 1. Introduction --Chapter 2. A Theory --Chapter 3. Our Philosophy of History --Part II. Ideas and Technologies --Chapter 4. Technology --Chapter 5. Medieval Ideas about Coins and Money --Chapter 6. Monetary Theory in the Renaissance --Part III. Endemic Shortages and "Natural Experiments" --Chapter 7. Clues --Chapter 8. Medieval Coin Shortages --Chapter 9. Medieval Florence --Chapter 10. Medieval Venice --Chapter 11. The Price Revolution in France --Chapter 12. Token and Siege Monies --Part IV. Cures and Side-effects --Chapter 13. The Age of Copper --Chapter 14. Inflation in Spain --Chapter 15. Copycat Inflations in Seventeenth-Century Europe --Chapter 16. England Stumbles toward the Solution --Chapter 17. Britain, the Gold Standard, and the Standard Formula Chapter --Chapter 18. The Triumph of the Standard Formula --Chapter 19. Ideas, Policies, and Outcomes --Part V. A Formal Theory --Chapter 20. A Theory of Full-Bodied Small Change --Chapter 21. The Model --Chapter 22. Shortages: Causes and Symptoms --Chapter 23. Arrangements to Eliminate Coin Shortages --Chapter 24. Our Model and Our History --Glossary --References --Legal Citations Index --Author Index --Subject IndexThe Big Problem of Small Change offers the first credible and analytically sound explanation of how a problem that dogged monetary authorities for hundreds of years was finally solved. Two leading economists, Thomas Sargent and François Velde, examine the evolution of Western European economies through the lens of one of the classic problems of monetary history--the recurring scarcity and depreciation of small change. Through penetrating and clearly worded analysis, they tell the story of how monetary technologies, doctrines, and practices evolved from 1300 to 1850; of how the "standard formula" was devised to address an age-old dilemma without causing inflation. One big problem had long plagued commodity money (that is, money literally worth its weight in gold): governments were hard-pressed to provide a steady supply of small change because of its high costs of production. The ensuing shortages hampered trade and, paradoxically, resulted in inflation and depreciation of small change. After centuries of technological progress that limited counterfeiting, in the nineteenth century governments replaced the small change in use until then with fiat money (money not literally equal to the value claimed for it)--ensuring a secure flow of small change. But this was not all. By solving this problem, suggest Sargent and Velde, modern European states laid the intellectual and practical basis for the diverse forms of money that make the world go round today. This keenly argued, richly imaginative, and attractively illustrated study presents a comprehensive history and theory of small change. The authors skillfully convey the intuition that underlies their rigorous analysis. All those intrigued by monetary history will recognize this book for the standard that it is.Princeton economic history of the Western world.MoneyEuropeHistoryCoinsEuropeHistoryMintsEuropeHistoryMoneyHistory.CoinsHistory.MintsHistory.332.4/94QK 100BSZrvkSargent Thomas J.120324Velde François R.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910789274003321The big problem of small change3821753UNINA02347nam0 22004933i 450 VAN027509220240614034731.843N978303091029720240416d2021 |0itac50 baengCH|||| |||||Optimal controlLeonid T. Aschepkov ... [et al.]2. edChamSpringer2021xvii, 251 p.ill.24 cmVAN0243012Optimal control43673049-XXCalculus of variations and optimal control; optimization [MSC 2020]VANC019757MF49J21Existence theories for optimal control problems involving relations other than differential equations [MSC 2020]VANC022293MF93B05Controllability [MSC 2020]VANC022780MF93C05Linear systems in control theory [MSC 2020]VANC024281MF49J15Existence theories for optimal control problems involving ordinary differential equations [MSC 2020]VANC024587MF49K15Optimality conditions for problems involving ordinary differential equations [MSC 2020]VANC024589MF93-XXSystems theory; control [MSC 2020]VANC027040MF93C10Nonlinear systems in control theory [MSC 2020]VANC029009MF93C95Application models in control theory [MSC 2020]VANC034073MFCauchy formulaKW:KKalman TheoremKW:KKrasovskii TheoremKW:KLinear SystemsKW:KNonlinear SystemsKW:KOptimal ControlKW:KPontryagin Maximum PrincipleKW:KCHChamVANL001889AschepkovLeonid T.VANV089131Springer <editore>VANV108073650ITSOL20240621RICAhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91029-7E-book – Accesso al full-text attraverso riconoscimento IP di Ateneo, proxy e/o ShibbolethBIBLIOTECA DEL DIPARTIMENTO DI MATEMATICA E FISICAIT-CE0120VAN08NVAN0275092BIBLIOTECA DEL DIPARTIMENTO DI MATEMATICA E FISICA08CONS e-book 8354 08eMF8354 20240430 Optimal control436730UNICAMPANIA