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Operation; 2.4.2 The Static Compensator; 2.4.3 The Solid State Series Compensator; 2.4.4 The Unified Power Flow Controller; 2.4.5 The High-voltage Direct-current Based on Voltage Source Converters |
2.5 Control Capabilities of Controllers Based on Voltage Source Converters 2.6 Summary; References; 3 Modelling of Conventional Power Plant; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Transmission Line Modelling; 3.2.1 The Voltage-drop Equation; 3.2.1.1 Calculation of Lumped RLC Parameters; 3.2.1.2 Shunt Admittances; 3.2.1.3 Internal Impedances; 3.2.1.4 Ground Return Impedances; 3.2.2 Ground Wires; 3.2.3 Bundle Conductors; 3.2.4 Double Circuit Transmission Lines; 3.2.5 The Per-unit System; 3.2.6 Transmission-line Program: Basic Parameters; 3.2.7 Numerical Example of Transmission Line Parameter Calculation |
3.2.8 Long Line Effects 3.2.9 Transmission Line Transpositions; 3.2.10 Transmission Line Program: Distributed Parameters; 3.2.11 Numerical Example of Long Line Parameter Calculation; 3.2.12 Symmetrical Components and Sequence Domain Parameters; 3.2.13 Transmission Line Program: Sequence Parameters; 3.2.14 Numerical Example of Sequence Parameter Calculation; 3.3 Power Transformer Modelling; 3.3.1 Single-phase Transformers; 3.3.2 Simple Tap-changing Transformer; 3.3.3 Advanced Tap-changing Transformer; 3.3.4 Three-phase Transformers; 3.3.4.1 Star-Star Connection; 3.3.4.2 Delta-Delta Connection |
3.3.4.3 Star-Delta Connection 3.3.5 Sequence Domain Parameters; 3.4 Rotating Machinery Modelling; 3.4.1 Machine Voltage Equation; 3.5 System Load; 3.6 Summary; References; 4 Conventional Power Flow; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 General Power Flow Concepts; 4.2.1 Basic Formulation; 4.2.2 Variables and Bus Classification; 4.3 Power Flow Solution Methods; 4.3.1 Early Power Flow Algorithms; 4.3.2 The Newton-Raphson Algorithm; 4.3.3 State Variable Initialisation; 4.3.4 Generator Reactive Power Limits; 4.3.5 Linearised Frame of Reference; 4.3.6 Newton-Raphson Computer Program in Matlab® Code |
4.3.7 The Fast Decoupled Algorithm |