| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910780096903321 |
|
|
Autore |
Andersson Thomas. |
|
|
Titolo |
Multinational investment in developing countries : a study of taxation and nationalization / / Thomas Andersson |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pubbl/distr/stampa |
|
|
London ; ; New York : , : Routledge, , 1991 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISBN |
|
1-134-92536-0 |
1-134-92537-9 |
1-280-33372-3 |
0-203-01162-7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Descrizione fisica |
|
1 online resource (224 p.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disciplina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Soggetti |
|
Investments, Foreign - Developing countries |
International business enterprises - Taxation - Developing countries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lingua di pubblicazione |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
|
|
|
|
|
Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
|
|
|
|
|
Note generali |
|
Description based upon print version of record. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nota di bibliografia |
|
Includes bibliographical references (p. [184]-191) and index. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nota di contenuto |
|
Book Cover; Title; Contents; List of figures; List of tables; Acknowledgements; Statement of the issues; Theoretical background; Taxation of multinational enterprise affiliates by competing host countries; Foreign exchange versus pollution; Nationalization of multinational enterprise affiliates by competing host countries; Cross-country variation in nationalization; Duration of nationalization; Conclusions; Notes; References; Index |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sommario/riassunto |
|
This book explores the struggle for gains from direct investment between multinationals and developing countries. It discusses which policies work best in influencing the behaviour of MNEs and how developing countries compete with one another for multinational investment. It argues that the tax regimes of different countries rarly deter investors but that nationalisation acts as a powerful disincentive. It also concludes that governments should not be expected to sacrifice the environment to attract multinationals. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. |
Record Nr. |
UNISA996691917003316 |
|
|
Autore |
Bański Piotr |
|
|
Titolo |
Harmonizing language data : Standards for linguistic resources. / / Piotr Bański |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pubbl/distr/stampa |
|
|
LaVergne, : De Gruyter, 2025 |
|
Berlin ; Boston, : De Gruyter, , [2025] |
|
©2025 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISBN |
|
3-11-220953-2 |
3-11-220821-8 |
9783112208212 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Descrizione fisica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collana |
|
Digital Linguistics, ; 4. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Classificazione |
|
COM014000FOR000000LAN009000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Soggetti |
|
Nonfiction |
Computer Technology |
Grammar & Language Usage |
Language Arts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lingua di pubblicazione |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
|
|
|
|
|
Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
|
|
|
|
|
Note generali |
|
Title from eBook information screen.. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nota di contenuto |
|
IIIFrontmatter -- VIIVIIIContents -- 1Towards an optimum degree of order in the field of language resources / Piotr Bański, Ulrich Heid, Laura Herzberg -- 17Character encoding and its importance for text resources / Christian Wartena -- 35International standards for the identification and the description of languages and their varieties / Laurent Romary -- 61Part-of-speech tagging and related annotation / Nikola Ljubešić, Tomaž Erjavec -- 89Named entity recognition and entity linking / Pia Schwarz -- 115Annotated audiovisual language data: data quality and data maturity / Vera Ferreira, Hanna Hedeland, Kelsey Neely -- 145From spoken language data to TEI-based ISO standard / Antonina Werthmann -- 169Dealing with multiple annotations / Piotr Bański, Nils Diewald -- 201Standards and practices for long-term digital archiving / Ines Pisetta, Thorsten Trippel -- 229Conversion into the archival format I5 / Harald Lüngen, Ines Pisetta -- 251Metadata for research data / Thorsten Trippel -- 281Linguistic linked (open) data / Anas Fahad Khan -- 303Data exploitation: corpus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
queries / Stephanie Evert, Timm Weber, Steffen Bothe, Philipp Heinrich, Alexander Piperski -- 339Querying spoken language data / Elena Frick, Thomas Schmidt -- 377Accessing linguistic content in distributed research environments / Erik Körner, Thomas Eckart -- 401Taxonomy of legal and ethical metadata for language resources / Paweł Kamocki -- 427The life of an ISO standard / Annette Preissner, Ulrich Heid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sommario/riassunto |
|
Standards function as safeguards to ensure that data remains interpretable, uniformly queryable, and archivable over time – a critical challenge for digital humanists working with complex linguistic resources. This book provides an overview of essential standards for ensuring the sustainability of data in the Digital Humanities (DH). It addresses the selection of data encoding formats, methods of annotating primary data, and approaches to making resources findable and accessible. The focus is on various forms of linguistic data, such as texts, lexicons, or parallel arrangements (e.g., translations or transcribed recordings). The work explains the role of annotations and metadata in structuring and contextualizing data and examines the influence of diverse data formats, shaped by local academic or industrial practices. In contrast to neural language models, which often yield impressive but opaque results, DH projects aim for transparency, reproducibility, and sustainability. Achieving these goals requires interoperability – the seamless interaction between data and tools. The book demonstrates how clear guidelines and best practices help ensure the long-term usability of data. It offers digital humanists practical approaches and well-founded standards to sustainably archive and efficiently utilize their data, making it an indispensable resource for the field. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |