The political economy of integration : the experience of Mercosur / / Jeffrey W. Cason

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910459526203321
• Autore: Cason Jeffrey W.
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York : , : Routledge, , 2011
• ISBN: 1-136-93300-X; 1-282-93039-7; 9786612930393; 0-203-84625-7
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (167 p.)
• Collana: Routledge studies in the modern world economy ; ; 83
• Disciplina: 337.1/8
• Soggetti: International economic integration; Electronic books.; European Union countries Economic integration; South America Economic integration
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Book Cover; Title; Copyright; Table of contents; Tables and figures; Acknowledgments; Introduction; 1 Understanding integration: The European model and a South American case; 2 Along-standing dream: Historical experience with regional integration in Latin America; 3 The launching of Mercosur; 4 Mercosur's day in the sun; 5 Mercosur in slow-motion crisis; 6 The future of Mercosur and the challenges of economic integration in the developing world; Notes; Bibliography; Index
• Sommario/riassunto: This book assesses South America's most ambitious attempt at economic integration, Mercosur. It explains the main-and inherent-weaknesses of the integration effort, through explicit comparison with the European experience with integration. Jeffrey Cason argues that the three main reasons for Mercosur's limited success are weak domestic political institutions in the member countries, vulnerability in the global political economy, and a serious imbalance in the economic and political weight of the member countries. In addition to providing this overarching explanation for Mercos

The history of the GPU : eras and environment / / Jon Peddie

• Record Nr.: UNISA996508668303316
• Autore: Peddie Jon
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2023]; ©2023
• ISBN: 9783031135811; 9783031135804
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2022.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (355 pages)
• Disciplina: 020.222
• Soggetti: Graphics processing units
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Includes index.
• Nota di contenuto: Foreword -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The GPU Functions -- 3 The Major GPU Eras -- 4 The First Era of GPUs -- 5 The GPU Environment—Hardware -- 6 Application Program Interface (API) -- 7 The GPU Environment—Software Extensions and Custom Features -- Appendix A: Definitions -- Appendix B: Acronyms.
• Sommario/riassunto: This is the second book in a three-part series that traces the development of the GPU, which is defined as a single chip with an integrated transform and lighting (T&L) capability. This feature previously was found in workstations as a stand-alone chip that only performed geometry functions. Enabled by Moore’s law, the first era of GPUs began in the late 1990s. Silicon Graphics (SGI) introduced T&L first in 1996 with the Nintendo 64 chipset with integrated T&L but didn’t follow through. ArtX developed a chipset with integrated T&L but didn’t bring it to market until November 1999. The need to integrate the transform and lighting functions in the graphics controller was well understood and strongly desired by dozens of companies. Nvidia was the first to produce a PC consumer level single chip with T&L in October 1999. All in all, fifteen companies came close, they had designs and experience, but one thing or another got in their way to prevent them succeeding. All the forces and technology were converging; the GPU was ready to emerge. Several of the companies involved did produce an integrated GPU, but not until early 2000. This is the account of those ; companies, the GPU and the environment needed to support it. The GPU has become ubiquitous and can be found in every platform that involves a computer and a user interface.