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Record Nr. |
UNISA996503549203316 |
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Autore |
Suteanu Cristian |
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Titolo |
Scale : understanding the environment / / Cristian Suteanu |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022] |
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©2022 |
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ISBN |
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9783031157332 |
9783031157325 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (329 pages) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Geography - Mathematical models |
Geografia |
Models matemàtics |
Escales (Ciències socials) |
Llibres electrònics |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Author -- Chapter 1: The Meanings of Scale -- 1.1 Scale: Pervasive and Indispensable -- 1.2 A Daughter of Abstraction -- 1.3 The Scale's Fields of Operation -- 1.4 Types of Scale -- 1.4.1 Grouping the Scales -- 1.4.2 Scale as Size -- 1.4.3 Scale as Ratio -- 1.4.4 Scale as Rank -- 1.5 Understanding Scale -- References -- Chapter 2: Scale as Size in Space -- 2.1 Setting the Stage: The System Image -- 2.2 Scale as Size: Comparison and Change -- 2.2.1 Comparing Sizes -- 2.2.2 Size Versus Distance Change in Perspective -- 2.2.3 Size Distortion, Accuracy, and Implications -- 2.3 Orders of Magnitude -- 2.4 Sub-Types of Scale as Size -- 2.4.1 Scale as Size with Units -- 2.4.2 Scale as Size Without Units -- 2.4.3 Scale and Hierarchy -- 2.5 Scale on Trial -- References -- Chapter 3: Scale as Size in Time and in Space-Time -- 3.1 Temporal Scale Versus Spatial Scale: What Is Different? -- 3.2 Converting Size in Space to Size in Time -- 3.3 Time Scales and Records of Time -- 3.4 Scale as Size and the Granularity of Time Records -- 3.5 Time Scales and Environmental Processes -- 3.5.1 Scale Ranges, Accumulation, and Dissipation -- 3.5.2 Time Scales |
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and the Renewability of Resources -- 3.5.3 Scale and Equilibrium -- 3.6 Synchronic and Diachronic Perspectives -- 3.7 The Time Scale Bias -- 3.8 Scaling Up and Scaling Down -- 3.8.1 Dimension and Changes in Scale -- 3.8.2 Downscaling in Climate Change Studies -- 3.9 Scale as Size, Context, and Scale Change -- References -- Chapter 4: Scale as Ratio in Space -- 4.1 Scale as Ratio in Space and Proportional Change -- 4.2 The Basis of Scale as Ratio: Geometric Transformations -- 4.3 Scaling in Two and Three Dimensions -- 4.4 Scale and Maps -- 4.4.1 Scale, Maps, and Discovery -- 4.4.2 Specifying the Scale of Maps -- 4.4.3 Precision and Accuracy in Scale as Ratio. |
4.4.4 Scale and the Environment -- 4.4.5 Map Projections and the Spatial Variation of Scale -- 4.5 Scale in the Digital World -- 4.5.1 A New Environment -- 4.5.2 Scale, Similarity, and Automated Map Generalization -- 4.5.3 Feature-Guided Exploration of a Spatial Database -- 4.5.4 Making Use of the Spatial Informational Backbone -- 4.6 The Scale-Dependent View of Reality -- References -- Chapter 5: Scale as Ratio in Time -- 5.1 Premises of Scale Change in Time -- 5.2 Time Series and Time Scales -- 5.3 Simple Transformations in Time -- 5.4 Event Density and Time Scale Change -- 5.5 Waves -- 5.6 Waves and Time Scale Change -- 5.7 Time Domain and Frequency Domain -- 5.8 Applications of Scale in Time -- 5.8.1 Application Areas of Temporal Scale -- 5.8.2 Perception and Temporal Scale -- 5.8.3 Time Scale and Visual Information -- 5.8.4 Time Scale Change Involving a Variable Scale Factor -- 5.8.5 Time Scale and Auditory Information: Sonification -- 5.9 Subjective Time Scale and Learning About the Environment -- 5.9.1 Change and Subjective Time: The Old Masters -- 5.9.2 Change and Subjective Time: Today's Science -- 5.9.3 Large-Scale Time Compression -- 5.10 Time Scale in Reflection and Narration -- References -- Chapter 6: Scale as Rank -- 6.1 Introducing Scale as Rank -- 6.2 Scale as Rank at Work -- 6.3 Scale as Rank and Categorization -- 6.3.1 The Power of Categories -- 6.3.2 Categorization: Basic Principles -- 6.3.3 Positive and Negative Effects of Categorization -- 6.3.4 Scale as Rank Versus Changes in Categorization -- 6.3.5 Scale and Categorization: The Role of Objects -- 6.4 Main Properties of Scale as Rank -- 6.4.1 Directedness -- 6.4.2 Abstractness -- 6.4.3 Granularity: IF-Type Versus F-Type Transformations -- 6.4.4 Objectivity -- 6.5 Recognizing a False Scale as Rank -- 6.6 Histograms at the Core of Scale as Rank -- 6.7 Scale as Rank and Maps. |
6.8 Uncovering Map Manipulation -- 6.9 Scale as Rank: Inside and Outside -- References -- Chapter 7: Scale, Patterns, and Fractals -- 7.1 Scale and Patterns -- 7.1.1 Scale and the Reality of Relationships -- 7.1.2 Distinguishing Patterns -- 7.1.3 Defining Patterns -- 7.1.4 Patterns and Scale -- 7.1.5 Patterns and Scale Change -- 7.2 Scale, Symmetry, and Pattern Analysis -- 7.2.1 Symmetry: Old and New -- 7.2.2 Scale Symmetry -- 7.2.3 Fractals -- 7.2.4 Scale as Ratio, Maps, and Fractals -- 7.2.5 Scale as Ratio and the Fractal Dimension -- 7.2.6 Scale as Ratio in Pattern Analysis -- 7.2.7 Dimensions and Their Meanings -- 7.2.8 Scalebound and Scale-Free Patterns -- 7.2.9 Scaling and Spatially Variable Scale as Ratio -- 7.2.10 Scale and Its Role in Multiscale Pattern Analysis -- References -- Chapter 8: Scale, Symmetry, and Nonlinearity -- 8.1 Insights into Artistic Currents -- 8.1.1 Classicism: Scale, Symmetry, and Our Understanding of the Environment -- 8.1.2 Romanticism: The Subtle but Pervasive Presence of Scale -- 8.1.3 Views from the Garden: Romanticism Versus Classicism -- 8.2 Insights into Individual Artistic Styles -- 8.3 Scale and Nonlinearity -- 8.3.1 Scale and Nonlinear Processes -- 8.3.2 Scale and Chaos -- 8.3.3 Scale and Self-Organized Criticality -- References |
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-- Chapter 9: The Essence of Scale -- 9.1 Scale Types: An Overall Perspective -- 9.2 Scale and the Guided Cut -- 9.2.1 The Selective Approach to the Environment -- 9.2.2 Introducing the Guided Cut -- 9.2.3 The Guided Cut and the Environment -- 9.2.4 The Guided Cut and the Logical Field -- 9.3 Scale Involves Mapping -- 9.3.1 Key Elements of Mapping -- 9.3.2 Relations in Mapping and the Three Types of Scale -- 9.3.3 Reversibility in Mapping and in Scale Transformations -- 9.4 Scale Involves Representation -- 9.4.1 Morphism and the Choice in Representation. |
9.4.2 Representation and Our Understanding of the Environment -- 9.4.3 Scale and the Modalities of Representation -- 9.4.4 Mapping, Representation, and Scale -- 9.5 Scale Involves Quantitative Comparison -- 9.5.1 Comparison and Memory -- 9.5.2 Comparison and Quantity: Looping Back to Mapping -- 9.6 Converging on One Essence of Scale: A General Definition -- 9.7 Scale as a Process -- 9.8 Scale Is a Living Concept -- 9.9 The Open-Ended Scale -- References -- Index. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910698882603321 |
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Autore |
Wortman A |
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Titolo |
Detonation wave compression in gas turbines [[electronic resource] /] / A. Wortman |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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[Cleveland, Ohio?] : , : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, , [1986] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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Collana |
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NASA contractor report ; ; 179557 |
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Soggetti |
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Compression waves |
Detonation waves |
Gas turbines |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Title from title screen (viewed May 6, 2009) |
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