Black hole physics : from collapse to evaporation / / Daniel Grumiller, Mohammad Mehdi Sheikh-Jabbari

• Record Nr.: UNISA996499864103316
• Autore: Grumiller Daniel
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• ISBN: 3-031-10343-2
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (431 pages)
• Collana: Graduate texts in physics
• Disciplina: 523.8875
• Soggetti: Black holes (Astronomy); Physics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- How to Read and Use This Book -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Acronyms -- Notations and Conventions -- List of Figures -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Essentials of General Relativity -- 1.1.1 Equivalence Principle and Geodesics -- 1.1.2 Einstein Gravity -- 1.2 Brief Review of Black Hole History -- 1.2.1 First Five Decades: Finding Solutions and Classic Analyses -- 1.2.2 Black Holes Through Observations -- 1.2.3 Black Holes as Thermodynamical Systems -- 1.3 Gravitational Collapse in Stars -- 1.3.1 Core Collapse Supernova and Black Hole Formation -- 1.3.2 Estimating the Chandrasekhar Mass -- 1.4 Different Schools of Thought on Black Holes -- 1.4.1 GR School -- 1.4.2 HEP School -- 1.4.3 Quantum Information School -- 2 Black Hole Solutions and Basic Properties -- 2.1 Schwarzschild Metric, Basic Facts, and Analyses -- 2.1.1 Symmetries and Killing Vectors -- 2.1.2 Flamm Diagram -- 2.1.3 Singularities, Asymptotic, and Near Horizon Behavior -- 2.1.4 ADM Mass and Angular Momentum -- 2.1.5 Infinite Redshift Surface -- 2.2 Particle Probes and Geodesics -- 2.2.1 Null Geodesics -- 2.2.2 Timelike Geodesics and Particle Orbits -- 2.2.3 Eddington-Finkelstein Coordinates -- 2.3 Maximal Extensions and Causal Diagrams -- 2.3.1 Geodesic Completeness and Maximal Analytic Extension -- 2.3.2 Kruskal Coordinates for Schwarzschild Geometry -- 2.3.3 Structure of Lightcones and Preliminary Notion of Horizon -- 2.3.4 Carter-Penrose ; Causal Diagrams -- 2.3.5 Realistic Black Holes and Wormholes -- 2.4 Einstein-Maxwell Theory and Reissner-Nordström Black Holes -- 2.5 Kerr Solution and Its Basic Analysis -- 2.5.1 Basic Properties of Kerr Black Hole -- 2.5.2 Geodesics of Kerr Geometry -- 2.6 Black Holes in (A)dS Backgrounds -- 2.6.1 Schwarzschild-dS Black Holes -- 2.6.2 Schwarzschild-AdS and Topological Black Holes.; 2.7 Plebanski-Demianski Black Holes -- 2.8 Vaidya Metric as Example for Non-stationary Black Holes -- 3 Formal Definitions and Classic Theorems -- 3.1 Mathematical Definitions of Black Holes and Horizons -- 3.1.1 Killing Horizon and Surface Gravity -- 3.1.2 Event Horizon and Mathematical Black Hole Definition -- 3.1.3 Apparent Horizons and Trapped Surfaces -- 3.1.4 Cauchy Horizons and Predictability -- 3.1.5 Other Horizon Definitions -- 3.2 Classic Conjectures and Theorems -- 3.2.1 Raychaudhuri Equation -- 3.2.2 Classical Energy Conditions -- 3.2.3 Singularity Theorems -- 3.2.4 Asymptotic Flatness -- 3.2.5 Horizon Theorems -- 3.2.6 Uniqueness Theorems -- 3.2.7 Cosmic Censorship Conjecture -- 3.3 Optical Focusing Equation and Area Theorem (2nd Law) -- 4 Probing Black Holes, Their Formation and Stability -- 4.1 General Remarks on Black Hole Observations -- 4.2 Black Hole Photon-Sphere, Shadows, and Images -- 4.3 Penrose Process, Super-Radiance, and Black Hole Mining -- 4.4 Gravitational Waves and Black Hole Mergers -- 4.5 Accretion Disk Physics -- 4.6 Black Hole Formation in Shock-Wave Collisions -- 4.7 Black Hole Perturbations and Linear Stability -- 4.7.1 Quasi-normal Modes -- 4.7.2 Late-Time Tails and Linearized Stability -- 4.7.3 Perturbative Aspects of Black Hole Binaries -- 4.8 Gravitational Collapse and Non-linear Stability -- 4.8.1 Critical Collapse and Choptuik Exponent -- 4.8.2 On Non-linear Stability of Black Hole Solutions -- 5 Black Hole Charges and Thermodynamics -- 5.1 Introduction to Systematic Methods for Charge Computation -- 5.2 Komar Charges -- 5.3 Solution Phase Space Method -- 5.3.1 Solution Space Is a Phase Space -- 5.3.2 Exact Symmetries and the Associated Charges -- 5.4 Entropy as a Conserved Charge -- 5.4.1 Entropy as a Noether Charge -- 5.4.2 Entropy and Solution Phase Space Method.; 5.4.3 Entropy in Cases Involving Gauge Fields -- 5.5 Four Laws of Black Hole Thermodynamics -- 5.5.1 Zeroth Law -- 5.5.2 First Law and Its Derivation -- 5.5.3 Second Law and Its Generalizations -- 5.5.4 Third Law and Extremal Black Holes -- 6 Semiclassical Aspects of Black Holes -- 6.1 Variational Principle -- 6.1.1 Gibbons-Hawking-York Boundary Term -- 6.1.2 Brown-York Stress Tensor -- 6.2 Quantization on Black Hole Backgrounds -- 6.3 Unruh Effect -- 6.3.1 Unruh Vacuum State -- 6.3.2 Unruh Temperature, Bogoliubov Transformations -- 6.3.3 Unruh Temperature, Euclidean Field Theory Analysis -- 6.3.4 Discussion -- 6.4 Hawking Effect -- 6.4.1 Heuristics of Hawking Effect from Vacuum Fluctuations -- 6.4.2 Hawking Temperature from Euclidean Continuation -- 6.4.3 Hawking Radiation from Ray-Tracing -- 6.4.4 Hawking Radiation from Anomalies -- 6.4.5 Greybody Factors -- 6.4.6 Discussion -- 6.5 Black Hole Entropy and Alternative Derivations -- 6.5.1 Euclidean Effective Action and Gibbons-Hawking Derivation -- 6.5.2 Entropy Bounds -- 6.6 Parikh-Wilczek Tunneling -- 6.6.1 Painlevé Coordinates -- 6.6.2 Painlevé-Parikh-Wilczek Vacuum -- 6.6.3 Discussion of Parikh-Wilczek Tunneling -- 6.7 Black Hole Evaporation -- 6.8 Membrane Paradigm -- 6.8.1 Membrane Action and Dynamics, Classical Analysis -- 6.8.2 Membrane Action, Semiclassical Analysis -- 6.9 Information Puzzle and Apparent Loss of Unitarity -- 7 Gravity and Black Holes in Diverse Dimensions -- 7.1 Why Gravity in Lower Dimensions? -- 7.2 Gravity in Three Dimensions -- 7.2.1 BTZ Black Holes and Bañados Geometries -- 7.2.2 Chern-Simons ; Formulation -- 7.2.3 Canonical Boundary Charges -- 7.2.4 Alternative Boundary Conditions to Brown-Henneaux -- 7.2.5 Beyond AdS3 Einstein Gravity -- 7.3 Gravity in Two Dimensions -- 7.3.1 Jackiw-Teitelboim Model -- 7.3.2 Generic Dilaton Gravity -- 7.3.3 Gauge Theoretic Formulation.; 7.3.4 All Classical Solutions, Locally and Globally -- 7.4 Why Gravity in Higher Dimensions? -- 7.5 Higher-Dimensional Black Hole/Ring/Brane Solutions -- 7.5.1 Tangherlini Solution -- 7.5.2 Myers-Perry Black Holes -- 7.5.3 Five-Dimensional Black Ring Solution -- 7.5.4 Asymptotic AdS Vacuum Black Hole Solutions -- 7.5.5 Black Branes -- 7.6 Black Holes in Large Number of Dimensions -- 8 Aspects of Holography -- 8.1 Basics of Holography -- 8.1.1 AdS/CFT, the Precise Statement -- 8.1.2 Gravity in Anti-De Sitter Space -- 8.1.3 Holographic Renormalization -- 8.1.4 Holographic Correlation Functions -- 8.2 Holography and Quantum Information -- 8.3 AdS Black Holes and Holography -- 8.3.1 Black Holes as Thermal States -- 8.3.2 Hawking-Page Phase Transition -- 8.3.3 Eternal Black Holes -- 8.4 Asymptotic Symmetries -- 8.5 Soft Hair and Near Horizon Symmetries -- 8.6 Extremal Black Holes and Attractor Mechanism -- 8.6.1 Symmetry Enhancement -- 8.6.2 Attractor Mechanism -- 8.7 Kerr/CFT and Related Topics -- 8.8 Summary and Outlook -- Further Reading -- 9 Quantum Aspects of Black Holes -- 9.1 Black Holes and Quantum Gravity -- 9.2 Black Hole Complementarity, Firewalls, Page Curve and Islands -- 9.3 Black Holes in String Theory -- 9.3.1 D1-D5-P System -- 9.3.2 Breckenridge-Myers-Peet-Vafa Solution -- 9.4 Microstate Counting -- 9.4.1 Microstate Counting for BTZ Black Holes -- 9.4.2 Microstate Counting for D1-D5-P and Breckenridge-Myers-Peet-Vafa Black Hole -- 9.5 Microstate Identification, Fuzzball and Fluffball Proposals -- 9.5.1 Fuzzball Proposal, Microstate Geometries -- 9.5.2 Soft Hair Proposal and Its Fluffball Realization -- 9.6 Information Puzzle and AdS/CFT -- 10 Outlook -- 10.1 Summary of the Book -- 10.2 Open Conceptual Issues -- 10.3 Observational Prospects -- A Variational Identities -- B p-Forms -- C Cartan Formulation -- Exercises.; D Teukolsky Equation -- D.1 Newman-Penrose Formalism Applied to Kerr -- D.2 Teukolsky Master Equation as Heun Equation -- D.3 Remarks on the Teukolsky Equation for Vanishing Spin -- Exercises -- E Basics of QFT in Curved Spacetime -- Exercises -- F ADM 3+1 Decomposition -- Exercises -- G Covariant Phase Space Formalism -- Exercises -- H More on Membrane Paradigm -- Exercises -- I String Theory Low Energy Effective Actions -- Exercises -- J Hints to Some Selected Exercises -- Exercises of Chapter 1摥映數爠eflinkchap:intro11 -- Exercises of Chapter 2摥映數爠eflinkchap:basics22 -- Exercises of Chapter 3摥映數爠eflinkchap:advancedspsconcepts33 -- Exercises of Chapter 4摥映數爠eflinkchap:classicalspsaspects44 -- Exercises of Chapter 5摥映數爠eflinkchap:chargesspsthermo55 -- Exercises of Chapter 6摥映數爠eflinkchap:seminclassical66 -- Exercises of Chapter 7摥映數爠eflinkchap:expert77 -- Exercises of Chapter chap:holography -- Exercises of Chapter chap:quantum -- Exercises of Appendix A -- Exercises of Appendix B -- Exercises of Appendix C -- Exercises of Appendix D -- Exercises of Appendix E -- Exercises of Appendix F -- Exercises of Appendix G -- Exercises of Appendix H -- Exercises of Appendix I -- References.

Agriculture investment sourcebook

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910962814903321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, DC, : World Bank, 2005
• ISBN: 1-280-09080-4; 9786610090808; 0-8213-8352-3; 1-4175-7586-7
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: xxiv, 508 pages ; ; 28 cm
• Disciplina: 332.67/22
• Soggetti: Agricultural development projects - Developing countries; Agriculture - Economic aspects - Developing countries
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; Title Page; Contents; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Acronyms and Abbreviations; Introduction; 1 Building Agricultural Policy and Institutional Capacity; Notes; 2 Investments in Agricultural Science and Technology; 3 Investments in Agricultural Extension and Information Systems; 4 Investments in Sustainable Agricultural Intensification; 5 Investment in Sustainable Natural Resource Management for Agriculture; 6 Investment in Agribusiness and Market Development; 7 Investments in Rural Finance for Agriculture; 8 Investments in Irrigation and Drainage; 9 Investments in Land Administration, Policy and Markets10 Managing Agricultural Risk, Vulnerability, and Disaster; 11 Scaling up Agricultural Investments in the Bank's Changing Internal Environment; Appendix: Key Websites; Index; Back Cover
• Sommario/riassunto: Investing to promote agricultural growth and poverty reduction is a central pillar of the World Bank's current rural strategy, Reaching the Rural Poor (2003). One major thrust of the strategy outlines the priorities and the approaches that the public sector, private sector, and civil society can employ to enhance productivity and competitiveness of the agricultural sector in ways that reduce the rural poverty and sustain the natural resource base. These actions involve a rich mixture of ; science, technology, people, communication, management, learning, research, capacity building, institutional