Advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous vehicles : from fundamentals to applications / / Yan Li and Hualiang Shi, editors

• Record Nr.: UNISA996495560303316
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• ISBN: 981-19-5053-9
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (628 pages)
• Disciplina: 629.2
• Soggetti: Automated vehicles; Driver assistance systems; Artificial intelligence
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Reshape the Future of Transportation -- 2 Challenges -- 2.1 New Technologies -- 2.2 Requalification of Non-Auto-Grade Components -- 2.3 New Mission Profiles for Existing Auto-Grade Components -- 3 Overview of Chapters -- 4 Summary -- References -- Basics and Applications of AI in ADAS and Autonomous Vehicles -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADASs) -- 1.2 Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) and Automation Levels -- 1.3 Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) -- 2 Applications of AI in ADAS -- 2.1 Supervised Learning -- 2.2 Unsupervised Learning -- 2.3 Reinforcement Learning -- 2.4 Deep Learning (DL) -- 3 Safety in ADAS and AV Based on AI -- 3.1 Safety Standards and Methodologies -- 3.2 AI Safety Challenges: Edge Cases and Heavy Tail Distribution -- 3.3 Safety in AI System Design, Validation, Testing and Implementation -- 4 Datasets, Simulators, and Infrastructures for AI Systems -- 4.1 Publicly Available Training and Testing Datasets -- 4.2 Open-source Simulators -- 4.3 Infrastructures for AI Systems -- 5 Summary -- References -- Computing Technology in Autonomous Vehicle -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Compute and ADAS Technology -- 2.1 Levels of Autonomous Driving -- 2.2 Platform for Autonomous Driving System -- 2.3 Perception and Localization -- 2.4 Prediction, Planning, ; and Control -- 2.5 Functional Safety -- 3 Advanced Computer System -- 3.1 Architecture Solution and Comparisons -- 3.2 Environment Perception Sensors -- 3.3 System on Chip (SoC) -- 3.4 Memory -- 3.5 Storage -- 3.6 Network -- 3.7 Real-Time Operating System -- 3.8 Management, Failure Detection, and Diagnostics -- 3.9 Security and Middleware -- 4 Electrical Functional and Reliability Validation -- 4.1 Automotive Level EE Functional Tests.; 4.2 Reliability Validation Tests Based on AV Mission Profiles -- 4.3 EMC/ESD Validation -- 5 Challenges to Safe Deployment at Scale -- 5.1 Artificial Intelligence: Perception and Prediction -- 5.2 Power Consumption -- 5.3 Thermal Management -- 5.4 Manufacturing, Assembly, and Quality Control -- 5.5 Size and Cost -- 5.6 Quality and Reliability -- 5.7 Security and Safety -- 6 Summary -- References -- Overview of Packaging Technologies and Cooling Solutions in ADAS Market -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Market Opportunity and Trends -- 1.2 Road to Autonomy: ADAS Architecture -- 2 Package Technology and AD Requirements -- 2.1 Role of Advantage Packaging Technology in AD Market -- 2.2 Smaller System Level Footprints -- 3 Thermal Management -- 3.1 ECU Thermal Fundamentals -- 3.2 Component Level Fundamentals -- 3.3 Vehicle Operating Environment -- 3.4 ADAS ECU Thermal Management -- 4 ADAS Product Reliability Requirements -- 4.1 Qualification Requirements -- 4.2 ADAS Performance Requirements and Implications-ADAS Mission Profile -- 4.3 Failure Regimes-Quality and Wear-Out Failures -- 4.4 Package Reliability Challenges -- 5 Summary -- References -- Flash Memory and NAND -- 1 NAND Flash-The Perfect Storage Medium -- 1.1 What is NAND Flash -- 1.2 NOR Versus NAND -- 1.3 Evolution of NAND Flash -- 2 NAND Fundamentals -- 2.1 NAND Arrays in 2D and 3D -- 2.2 Basic NAND Operations -- 2.3 Multi-Bit-Per-Cell Technologies -- 2.4 Anatomy of a NAND Product -- 2.5 3D NAND Technology Basics -- 3 3D NAND Technology and Design Challenges -- 3.1 Cost-Performance-Reliability Tradeoffs -- 3.2 3D NAND Technology Challenges -- 3.3 3D NAND Design Challenges -- 4 NAND Reliability Issues -- 4.1 Write Errors -- 4.2 Disturb Errors -- 4.3 Data Retention Errors -- 5 3D NAND Future Outlook -- References -- Interconnect -- 1 Interconnects for Applications Under the Hood.; 1.1 Nanoparticle Sintering Method -- 1.2 Transient Liquid Phase Bonding Technology -- 1.3 Electrochemical Migration Phenomenon -- 2 Solder Joint Technology for Applications Under the Hood -- 2.1 Low Melting Point Solders -- 2.2 Low-Temperature Assembly -- 3 Introduction for Low-Temperature Cu to Cu Direct Bonding -- 3.1 Cu-Cu Bonding by Surface-Activated Bonding Process -- 3.2 Cu-Cu Bonding by Chemical Pretreatment -- 3.3 Cu-Cu Bonding by Thermal Compressive Bonding -- 3.4 Low-Temperature Cu-Cu Bonding by (111) Nanotwinned Structure -- 3.5 Low-Temperature Cu to Cu Bonding with Ag Passivation Under Atmosphere -- 3.6 Hybrid Bonding -- References -- Cameras in Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems and Autonomous Driving Vehicles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Camera System Overview -- 3 Camera System Hardware -- 3.1 Image Sensor -- 3.2 Optics -- 3.3 Electronics -- 3.4 Image Signal Processor (ISP) -- 4 Image Processing -- 4.1 Image Processing Pipeline -- 4.2 Calibration -- 4.3 ISP Tuning -- 5 Camera Product Development -- 5.1 Product Definition -- 5.2 Camera Design -- 5.3 Prototype -- 5.4 Validation -- 5.5 Manufacturing -- 5.6 Implementation -- 5.7 Support -- 6 Summary -- References -- Lidar Technology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of Current Lidar Technology for Automotive Application -- 3 Important Performance Metrics for Lidar -- 3.1 Range -- 3.2 Field of View -- 3.3 Angular Resolution/Accuracy -- 3.4 Frame Rate -- 3.5 Eye Safety -- 4 ; Transmitter and Receiver -- 5 Distance Calculation -- 5.1 Range of Time of Flight -- 5.2 Signal-To-Noise Ratio -- 5.3 Factors that Affect Range Detection -- 6 Future Direction of Lidar Developments -- 6.1 Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) -- 7 Mapping Methods -- 7.1 Mechanical Spinning Scanner -- 7.2 Opto-Mechanical Scanning -- 7.3 MEMS Scanning -- 7.4 Flash -- 7.5 Optical Phased Array (OPA) -- 8 Discussion -- References.; Radar Technology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Radar Physical Design -- 2.1 Radar Architecture -- 2.2 Radar Categories -- 3 Waveform Design -- 3.1 Pulse Radar -- 3.2 Pulse Coded Radar -- 3.3 FMCW Radar -- 4 Link Budget Analysis for FMCW Radar -- 4.1 Radar Equation -- 4.2 Target Reflectivity -- 4.3 Processing Gain -- 5 Challenges and Solutions for Automotive Radars -- 5.1 Interference -- 5.2 Under- and Overclustering -- 5.3 Classification -- 5.4 Lack of Resolution -- 5.5 Data Fusion -- 5.6 Radar Integration -- 6 Summary -- References -- Electrochemical Power Systems for Advanced Driver-Assistant Vehicles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Batteries -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Types of Battery Cells -- 2.3 Battery Cell Internal Structure -- 2.4 Battery Cell Manufacturing Process -- 2.5 Chemistry Choices for Li-Ion Battery for EV Applications -- 2.6 Next-Generation Li-Ion Battery for EV Applications -- 2.7 Battery Management System -- 2.8 Battery Testing Methods and Industrial Standards -- 2.9 Battery Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) -- 3 Fuel Cells -- 3.1 Major Types of Fuel Cells -- 3.2 Fuel Cells for EV Application -- 4 Capacitors -- 5 Summary -- References -- In-Vehicle Display Technology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 In-Vehicle Display Technologies and Architectures -- 2.1 LCD -- 2.2 TFT LCD -- 2.3 OLED -- 2.4 LED, Mini-/Micro-LED -- 2.5 Head-Up Display -- 2.6 Flexible and Free-Form -- 2.7 Touch Technology -- 3 In-Vehicle Display Requirements -- 3.1 Optical Performance Requirement -- 3.2 Appearance -- 3.3 Integration and Fabrication -- 3.4 Color Measurement and Characterization -- 3.5 Mura, Defect, Inspection, and Demura -- 3.6 Visibility in Bright Light and Complete Darkness -- 3.7 Improvement of Image and Touch Quality -- 3.8 Reliability and Durability -- 3.9 Functional Safety -- 4 In-Vehicle Display Challenges -- 4.1 Specification and Functionality Challenges.; 4.2 Quality, Reliability, and Validation Challenges -- 4.3 EMC/EMI Challenges -- 4.4 ESD and High-Transient Voltage Challenges -- 5 Common LED LCD Reliability Testing Failure Modes and Effects Case Studies -- 5.1 FOS Spotlighting Failure Mechanism and Risk Assessment -- 5.2 BLU Film Buckling/Waving/Wrinkle Failure Mechanism Study -- 5.3 Metal Oxide TFT Panel-Level VGH and VGL Reliability Modeling -- 5.4 LCD Panel UV Irradiation Aging Reliability Modeling -- 5.5 Polarizer Edge Bleaching Failure Mechanism and Reliability Modeling -- 5.6 Free-Fall Object Impact Test and LCD Glass Crack Failure Risk Assessment -- 5.7 LED Lumen Degradation Reliability Modeling -- 6 Summary -- References -- Disk Drive for Data Center Storage -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Hard Disk Drive Application in Data Center -- 2.1 Data Storage for Autonomous Vehicle -- 2.2 Data Storage Configurations in Data Center -- 2.3 Hard Disk Drive Versus Solid-State Drive in Data Center -- 3 Hard Disk Drive Design -- 3.1 Hard Disk Drive System -- 3.2 Components in Recording Head -- 3.3 Next Generation Hard Disk Drive -- 4 Challenges in the Performance and Reliability -- 4.1 The Need for Higher Areal Data Density -- 4.2 Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Recording (MAMR) -- 4.3 Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) -- 4.4 The Future of High-Volume Hard Disk Drive -- 5 Summary -- References -- Role and Responsibility of Hardware Reliability Engineer -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Risk Assessment Methodologies -- 2.1 Failure Mode and Effect Analysis ; (FMEA) -- 2.2 Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) -- 2.3 Stress-Strength Analysis -- 3 Accelerated Life Testing (ALT) and Highly Accelerated Life Testing (HALT) -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Identify Field Stress Factors -- 3.3 Determine Stress Levels -- 3.4 Acceleration Models and Acceleration Factor -- 3.5 Case Study -- 4 Reliability Statistics -- 4.1 Sample Size.; 4.2 Life Distribution Analysis.

Psychology and policing / / Peter B. Ainsworth

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910782973203321
• Autore: Ainsworth Peter B.
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cullompton, Devon, U.K. ; ; Portland, Or. : , : Willan Pub., , 2002
• ISBN: 1-135-99790-X; 1-135-99783-7; 1-281-33186-4; 9786611331863; 1-84392-474-9
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (194 pages)
• Collana: Policing and Society Series
• Disciplina: 363.2019
• Soggetti: Police psychology
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; Title; Copyright Page; Contents; Introduction; 1 Person perception and interpersonal skills; Impression formation; Non-verbal communication; Eye contact and other speech regulaton; The relationship between verbal and non-verbal communication; Summary; Further reading; 2 Athibution, prejudice and stereotyping; Attribution; Prejudice and stereotyping; Ethnocentrism and social identity theory; Summary; Further reading; 3 Recruitment, selection and training; Should psychological testing be used at all?; How can psychological testing help?; What qualities should psychological tests be looking for?What qualities should the police be looking for in recruits?; What problems might testing not be able to address?; Are the dimensions that are tested stable?; How might tests be validated and evaluated?; Job analysis and ; the combination of measures; Training and the acceptance of psychology; Who should conduct training?; Summary; Further reading; 4 Aggression and violence; Defining aggression and violence; Aggression as an innate drive; Aggression as a response to external stimuli; Aggression as a learned response - social learning theoryAttitudes towards different forms of aggression; Violence by police officers; Summary; Further reading; 5 Perception and memory; Does perception work like a video camera?; Does the criminal justice system have unrealistic expectations of eyewitnesses?; How does perception work?; Perception as a learned process; Perception as a constructive process; Inaccuracies and biases in perception; The effects of context; Selectivity and perception; Memory - storing and retrieving information; The transformation of memories; The importance of question wordingIs alteration of memories more likely in certain circumstances?; Factors that might affect witnesses at the time of recall; Summary; Further reading; 6 Rehieving information; The cognitive interview technique; The mechanics of the ClT; Hypnosis; Summary; Further reading; 7 Interviewing suspects; Investigative interviewing; Identifying those who are lying; False confessions; Types of confessions; Who is most likely to confess?; Interviewing tactics in Britain and in the US; The power of situations; Summary; Further reading; 8 Stress and policing; Definitions of stressSituations or events as stressors; Life events and policing; Individual differences and the experience of stress; Reactions to stress; Post traumatic stress disorder; Summary; Further reading; 9 Crime patterns and offender profiling; The distribution of offending; Accounting for criminal events; Crime analysis and the choice of victims; Repeat victimisation; The relevance of place and target selection; Geographic profiling; Offender profiling; Summary; Further reading; 10 Hostage taking and negotiation; Types of hostage situations; Responding to hostage situations; Techniques used by negotiators
• Sommario/riassunto: Applied psychology has become increasingly important in the work of policing, police training and the academic study of policing. This book provides a highly accessible account of the way in which psychological principles and practices are applied to policing, reflecting the increasing attention being given to this area in the light of recent concerns about police training and its effectiveness - for example the MacPherson report. The book sets out the main areas of applied psychology which have particular relevance for policing, looking at how these impact in practice on police work - retriev