Light polarization and multiple scattering in turbid media / / Alexander Kokhanovsky, editor

• Record Nr.: UNISA996490352003316
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer Nature Switzerland AG, , [2022]; ©2022
• ISBN: 9783031102981; 9783031102974
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (201 pages)
• Collana: Springer Series in Light Scattering ; ; Volume 8
• Disciplina: 535.43
• Soggetti: Light - Scattering; Light - Transmission
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- Multiple-Path Model of Reflection and Transmission for a Turbid Slab -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Probability Flux, Reflection, and Transmission -- 2.1 Path Length Probability Density -- 2.2 Boundary Conditions -- 3 Reflection and Transmission-No Internal Reflection -- 3.1 Reflection -- 3.2 Transmission -- 3.3 Summary-No Internal Reflection -- 4 Experiment-Dyed Fabric -- 5 Diffusion of Light in Paper -- 6 Reflection and Transmission-Internal Reflection -- 6.1 Boundary Conditions -- 6.2 Evaluation of Integral -- 6.3 Reflection and Transmission -- 6.4 Reflection -- 6.5 Transmission -- 6.6 Normalization -- 6.7 Plots of Reflectance and Transmittance-Internal Reflection -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Laboratory Measurements of Multi-spectral, Polarization, and Angular Characteristics of Light Reflected from Particulate Samples -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Definitions and Design Tradeoffs -- 2.1 Reflectance Configuration and Nomenclature -- 2.2 Instrument Design Tradeoffs -- 3 The Three-Colour Goniometer -- 3.1 Construction Motivations -- 3.2 System Descriptions -- 3.3 System Characterizations -- 3.4 Typical Measurement Results -- 4 The Bi-directional Reflectance Imaging System -- 4.1 Construction Motivations -- 4.2 Overall Description -- 4.3 Calibration and Characterizations -- 4.4 Example Measurements -- 5 The Bi-directional Reflectance Spectrometer -- 5.1 Construction ; Motivations -- 5.2 System Descriptions -- 5.3 Characterizations and Calibrations -- 5.4 Typical Measurement Results -- 6 Summary -- References -- Spectropolarimetry of Snow and Ice Surfaces: Measurements and Radiative Transfer Calculation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Definition of Radiant Quantities Concerning the Polarization State of Light -- 3 Spectral Measurements and Instrumentation Device.; 4 Spectral Polarization Properties of Light Reflected from Snow and Ice Surfaces -- 4.1 Spectral Dependence on the DoLP, upper P Subscript qPq, upper P Subscript uPu and HDRF -- 4.2 Snow Grain Size Dependence on the DoLP -- 4.3 High DoLP for the Melt-Freeze Crust -- 4.4 Viewing Angle Dependence on the DoLP -- 4.5 Viewing and Azimuth Angle Dependence on the DoLP and Related Parameters upper P Subscript qPq and upper P Subscript uPu -- 4.6 Atmosphere Effects on the Polarization Properties of Snow Surface by Use of the Radiative Transfer Model -- 4.7 Possibility of the Use of Polarization Information for the Remote Sensing -- 5 Conclusion and Closing Remarks -- References -- Light Scattering by Large Densely Packed Clusters of Particles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Model Description -- 2.1 DGTD Method -- 2.2 Parallel Light Scattering Code -- 2.3 Generation of Dense Clusters of Irregular Particles -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Non-absorbing Clusters -- 3.2 Absorbing Layers -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Light Backscattering by Atmospheric Particles: From Laboratory to Field Experiments -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 On the Complexity of Atmospheric Particles -- 1.2 On the Importance of Light Backscattering by Atmospheric Particles -- 1.3 Theoretical Considerations -- 1.4 State of the Art on LightBackscattering -- 1.5 Outline of this Book Chapter -- 2 Light Scattering at Near Backscattering Angles ( θ&lt -- π) -- 2.1 The Laboratory π+ε Polarimeter -- 2.2 Scattering Matrix Elements Retrieval at Near Backscattering ( θ&lt -- π) -- 2.3 Light Scattering by Mineral Dust at Near Backscattering Angles ( θ&lt -- π) -- 2.4 Comparison with T-matrix Numerical Simulations -- 3 Light Backscattering at Exact Backscattering Angle (θ=π) -- 3.1 The Laboratory π-polarimeter (θ=π) -- 3.2 Scattering Matrix Elements and Lidar PDR Retrieval at Backscattering (θ=π).; 3.3 Light Backscattering by Spherical Sulfates in Laboratory -- 3.4 Light Backscattering by Core-Shell Organic Sulfates in Laboratory -- 3.5 Light Backscattering by Soot Particles in Laboratory -- 3.6 Light Backscattering by Mineral Dust in Laboratory -- 4 Light Backscattering in the Atmosphere: Lidar Field Experiments -- 4.1 Atmospheric Lidar Implications -- 4.2 Field Version of the Laboratory π-polarimeter -- 4.3 Application Case Study: Time-Altitude Maps of Dust Particles Backscattering Revealing the Underlying Complex Physical-Chemistry -- 5 Conclusion and Outlooks -- References -- Index.

Missing Evidence in the Study of Ancient Cultures : Methodological Reflections and Case Studies on Fragmentary Sources

• Record Nr.: UNISA996691909603316
• Autore: Michel Cécile
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Berlin/Boston : , : Walter de Gruyter GmbH, , 2025; ©2025
• ISBN: 3-11-221569-9
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (298 pages)
• Collana: Studies in Manuscript Cultures Series ; ; v.50
• Disciplina: 930.1
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Sommario/riassunto: Ancient cultures are studied through literary sources and artefacts, both of which are limited and often contradictory.Scholarly traditions often privilege one type of evidence over the other, depending on their research questions and the stories they want to tell.As a result, our understanding of the past may be shaped by bias.