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Record Nr. |
UNISA996485665203316 |
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Autore |
Charles Wendy |
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Titolo |
Blockchain in life sciences / / Wendy Charles |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022] |
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©2022 |
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ISBN |
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9789811929762 |
9789811929755 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (349 pages) |
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Collana |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Blockchains (Databases) |
Life sciences - Data processing |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Blockchain Uses and Real World Evidence -- Introduction to Blockchain -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Blockchain Core Characteristics -- 2.1 Ledgers -- 2.2 Cryptography -- 2.3 Immutability (Tamper Evidence and Tamper Resistance) -- 2.4 Distribution -- 3 Blockchain Features -- 3.1 Permissionless Versus Permissioned -- 3.2 Permissionless -- 3.3 Off-Chain Versus On-Chain Storage -- 3.4 Smart Contracts -- 4 Blockchain Benefits for Life Sciences -- 4.1 Trust -- 4.2 Audit Trails-Provenance -- 4.3 Data Transparency Versus Privacy -- 4.4 Security -- 4.5 Performance -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Key Terminology and Definitions -- References -- Blockchain in Pharmaceutical Research and the Pharmaceutical Value Chain -- 1 Brief Overview of Pharmaceutical Research -- 1.1 Drug Delivery and Discovery -- 1.2 Challenges Associated with Drug Delivery and Discovery -- 1.3 Challenges Associated with Preclinical (i.e., In Vitro, In Vivo) and Phase 0/I-IV Studies -- 2 Introduction of the End-To-End Pharmaceutical Value Chain -- 2.1 Five Main Categories: (1) Research and Discovery, (2) Clinical Development, (3) Manufacturing and Supply Chain, (4) Launch and Commercial Considerations, and (5) Monitoring and Health Records -- 2.2 Differentiating Pharmaceutical Value Chain |
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from Pharmaceutical Supply Chain -- 3 Blockchain Efforts Within Pharmaceutical Industry -- 3.1 Pharmaceutical Users Software Exchange (PhUSE) Blockchain Project -- 3.2 Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Blockchain-Enabled Healthcare -- 3.3 The MELLODDY Project and Millions of Molecules Blockchain + Smart Contracts for Human Participant Regulations and Consent Management -- 3.4 Information Exchange and Data Transformation (INFORMED) Initiative -- 3.5 Moneyball Medicine. |
4 Mapping Blockchain Characteristics to Pain Points in the Pharmaceutical Value Chain -- 4.1 Adapted Fit-For-Purpose Framework and Design Elements -- 4.2 Matching Characteristics (e.g., Decentralized, Distributed, Conditionally Immutable, Scalable, Cryptographically Secured) to Identified Pain Points in Each of the 5 Categories -- 5 Blockchain-But Not in a Vacuum -- 5.1 Blockchain-Complementary Established and Emerging (e.g., Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence) Technologies for the Pharmaceutical Value Chain -- 6 Debunking Myths Around Challenges with Blockchain -- 6.1 The Myth of the Technical Challenge -- 6.2 The Reality of Challenges Tied to Change Management, Resource Allocation, Paradigm Shift, and Reaching Consensus -- 7 Blockchain and The Idea Pipeline -- 7.1 Pharmacogenomics -- 7.2 Collaborative Pharmaceutical Development -- 7.3 Patient Access, Medication Reclamation, and Prescription Waste Reduction -- 7.4 The Evolution of the Traditional Retail Pharmacy -- 8 Future Directions -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- Blockchain-Based Scalable Network for Bioinformatics and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Data Ownership -- 1.2 Data in Blockchain-Based Network -- 2 Case Implementation of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) with Real Ownership -- 2.1 The Synsal Network -- 2.2 Sensors, Device Engineering, and Scaling in the Synsal Network -- 3 Tokenization and Value Scaling in the Blockchain-Based Network of Hardware Devices -- 3.1 Tokenization and Value Scaling -- 3.2 Basic Stabilization Tokenomics -- 4 Future Directions -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Blockchains and Genomics: Promises and Limits of Technology -- 1 Introduction: A Brief History of Capitalization on Genes -- 2 The Scientific and Market Value of Genomic Data -- 2.1 On the Nature of Data, and the Data of Nature -- 2.2 Fair and Sustainable Data Use. |
3 Democratize, Decentralize, and Disintermediate Data (The Three Ds) -- 3.1 Blockchain Genomics: The Current Slate -- 4 Why Genomes Cannot Be Owned -- 5 How Shall We Treat Genes? -- 6 What About Non-Fungible Tokens, NFTs? -- 6.1 The Need for Regulation -- 7 Future Directions -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Convergence of Blockchain and AI for IoT in Connected Life Sciences -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Fueling the Digital Transformation in Health and Life Sciences -- 1.2 Technology Unification -- 2 Harnessing the Power of Data-Driven Technologies in Life Sciences -- 2.1 Data-Driven Technologies in Life Sciences -- 3 Innovating in a Highly Regulated Industry -- 4 Essential Elements for Data Strategy in Life Sciences -- 4.1 Data Building Blocks -- 5 Prioritizing Risk Management in Life Sciences -- 6 Opportunities and Challenges for Emerging Digital Technologies in Life Sciences -- 6.1 Major Milestones in Life Sciences Product Development -- 7 Strategic Planning Frameworks -- 7.1 Blockchain and AI to Mitigate Risks of IoT/BYOD -- 7.2 Blockchain-AI Platforms and Infrastructures -- 8 Future Directions -- 8.1 Human as a Platform -- 8.2 Thinking Beyond the Adoption of Technology -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- A Blockchain-Empowered Federated Learning System and the Promising Use in Drug Discovery -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of Federated Learning and Blockchain -- |
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2.1 Federated Learning -- 2.2 Barriers and Challenges in Drug Discovery -- 2.3 Challenges in Federated Learning -- 2.4 Blockchain Benefit for Federated Learning -- 2.5 The Benefits of Blockchain-Empowered Federated Learning for Drug Discovery -- 3 The Rahasak-ML Platform -- 3.1 Overview -- 3.2 Key Components -- 4 Rahasak-ML Federated Learning Process -- 4.1 Overview -- 4.2 Incremental Training Flow -- 4.3 Finalizing Model. |
4.4 The Use Case of Blockchain-Empowered Federated Learning in the Medical Field -- 5 Future Directions -- 5.1 Data Heterogeneity -- 5.2 Efficiency and Effectiveness -- 5.3 Model Interpretation -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Considerations for Ensuring Success of Blockchain in Life Sciences Research -- Valuing Research Data: Blockchain-Based Management Methods -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Nature of Health Data -- 1.2 Health Data Management -- 2 Data as an Asset -- 2.1 How to Value Data Assets -- 3 Data Sales Methods -- 3.1 Data Brokers -- 3.2 Centralized Data Marketplaces -- 3.3 Decentralized Data Marketplaces -- 3.4 Non-Fungible Tokens -- 4 Considerations -- 4.1 Ethical Considerations -- 4.2 Ownership -- 4.3 Data Considerations -- 5 Recommendations -- 5.1 Ethical Recommendations -- 5.2 Data Recommendations -- 5.3 Legal Recommendations -- 6 Future Directions -- 6.1 Regulations -- 6.2 Future Research -- 7 Conclusions -- 7.1 Key Terminology and Definitions -- References -- Blockchain Adoption in Life Sciences Organizations: Socio-organizational Barriers and Adoption Strategies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background Literature -- 3 Research Methods -- 4 Findings -- 4.1 The State of the Blockchain + Life Sciences Ecosystem -- 4.2 Socio-organizational Barriers for Blockchain Adoption in Life Sciences -- 4.3 Barrier 4: The Lack of an "Ecosystem" Mindset -- 4.4 Adoption Strategies -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 Limitations and Future Directions -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Blockchain Governance Strategies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Defining Governance -- 3 A Deeper Dive: Blockchain Governance -- 3.1 On-Chain Governance -- 3.2 Off-Chain Governance -- 4 Types of Ecosystem Governance Decisions -- 5 Common Blockchain Governance Strategies -- 5.1 Founder Led/Benevolent Dictator -- 5.2 Core Development Team -- 5.3 Federations or Alliances -- 6 Ecosystem Roles. |
7 Typical Ecosystem for Life Sciences Blockchain -- 7.1 Special Considerations for Life Sciences -- 8 Recommendations -- 9 Future Directions -- 10 Conclusions -- References -- Life Sciences Intellectual Property Through the Blockchain Lens -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Emergence of Blockchain in Life Sciences -- 3 The Intersection of Blockchain and Life Sciences IP Rights in the United States -- 3.1 Patents -- 3.2 Trademarks and Trade Dress -- 3.3 Trade Secrets -- 3.4 Copyrights -- 4 Transferring IP Rights Through Blockchains -- 5 Managing IP Rights Through Blockchain -- 6 Blockchain in Adversarial Proceedings Involving IP Rights -- 6.1 Anticounterfeiting -- 7 Future Directions -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Regulatory Compliance Considerations for Blockchain in Life Sciences Research -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Regulatory Agency Uses of Blockchain -- 1.2 Regulatory Applicability -- 2 Regulatory Review and Documentation -- 2.1 System Design and Documentation -- 2.2 System Protection Features -- 2.3 Record and Signature Integrity -- 2.4 Verification and Validation -- 2.5 Training -- 3 Outsourcing -- 4 Future Directions -- 4.1 Standards -- 4.2 Blockchain Education -- 4.3 Research -- 5 Conclusions -- 5.1 Key Terminology and Definitions -- References -- The Art of Ethics in Blockchain for Life Sciences -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Digital Ethics Programs Design for Blockchain in Life Sciences -- 2.1 General Application of Digital Ethics Across the Life Sciences |
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Continuum -- 2.2 Research -- 2.3 Genomics and Precision Medicine -- 2.4 Digital Identity -- 3 Cultural, Legal, and Socioeconomic Influences -- 4 Blockchain Ethics and Purpose in Life Sciences -- 5 Future Directions: Disruption, Innovation, Evolution -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Cybersecurity Considerations in Blockchain-Based Solutions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Blockchain Solution Architecture. |
2.1 Network and Architecture Types. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910132106203321 |
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Autore |
Mucchielli Laurent |
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Titolo |
Les caractéristiques démographiques et sociales des meurtriers et de leurs victimes : une enquête sur un département de la région parisienne dans les années 1990 / / Laurent Mucchielli |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Chicoutimi : , : J.-M. Tremblay, , 2006 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (48 pages) : illustrations |
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Collana |
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Classiques des sciences sociales |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Résumé -- Introduction -- I. Problèmes méthodologiques de l'enquête -- 1. L'échantillon, son intérêt et ses limites -- 2. Ce que les sources disent et ce qu'elles ne disent pas -- II. À la recherche du profil sociodémographique des auteurs (4) -- 1. Une affaire d'hommes -- 2. Une affaire d'adultes -- 3. Une surreprésentation apparente des étrangers -- 4. Des familles de milieux populaires -- 5. La sortie de l'école : un mauvais départ dans la vie sociale -- 6. Une surreprésentation des inactifs et des ouvriers-employés -- 7. Histoire de la relation au travail -- III. Les principales caractéristiques familiales des auteurs -- 1. Mode de vie dans l'enfance et relations familiales -- 2. La fratrie -- 3. L'histoire conjugale -- IV. Quelques données sur le profil sociodémographique des victimes -- 1. Le sexe des victimes -- 2. Français et étrangers : crimes intra et interraciaux -- V. Récapitulatif et discussion générale -- 1. Homicide et absence de ressources économiques -- 2. Le cumul de handicaps affectifs et |
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sociaux tout au long de l'histoire de vie -- Références bibliographiques -- Liste des tableaux -- Tableau 1. Les auteurs d'homicides : principales variables marquant significativement la différence entre les sexes -- Figure 1. Comparaison entre la répartition par âge de l'ensemble des personnes condamnées pour homicide en France en 1990 et celle de la population enquêtée. -- Tableau 2. Nationalité des personnes condamnées pour homicide -- Tableau 3. Comparaison de la répartition par âge des français et des étrangers au recensement local (Yvelines) de 1990 et dans l'échantillon -- Tableau 4. Origine sociale des auteurs d'homicides -- Tableau 5. Comparaison entre la catégorie socioprofessionnelle de la population du département des Yvelines en 1990 et celle des auteurs d'homicides -- Tableau 6. Mode de vie dans l'enfance des auteurs d'homicides -- Tableau 7. Relations parents-enfants dans la famille d'origine des auteurs d'homicides -- Tableau 8. Le sexe des victimes -- Tableau 9. La catégorie socioprofessionnelle des victimes -- Tableau 10. La nationalité des victimes. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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À partir du dépouillement d'une centaine d'affaires criminelles jugées en cour d'appel dans le sud-ouest de la région parisienne durant dix ans (1987-1996), cet article présente les caractéristiques démographiques et sociales de 122 meurtriers et de leurs victimes. Il met notamment en évidence la très forte surreprésentation des milieux populaires et même des couches les plus pauvres de la population, tant dans la population des meurtriers que dans celle de leurs victimes, ainsi que le poids de l'inactivité et du chômage. Il souligne aussi l'importance des déstructurations familiales (abandons, placements divers) et, plus encore, des conflits familiaux. Sur le plan empirique, ces résultats sont comparés à ceux d'études réalisées dans d'autres pays, notamment l'abondante production quantitative nord-américaine. Sur le plan théorique, cet article rejoint les discussions initiées par des auteurs américains travaillant sur les notions de désorganisation et de désagrégation sociale et par des auteurs français travaillant sur les notions de désaffiliation, de disqualification ou de désinsertion pour proposer de dépasser la seule analyse des caractéristiques sociales et familiales des personnes au moment des crimes afin de considérer leurs histoires de vie et intégrer notamment les composantes familiales et scolaires qui ont marqué toute leur trajectoire. |
Based on about one hundred criminal cases which were tried by a Court of Appeal in the southwest of the Paris region over ten years (1987-1996), this article presents the demographic and social characteristics of 122 murderers and their victims. It brings out the very high proportion of individuals from the working classes or from the poorest strata of the population among the population of murderers as well as of victims, and the weight of economic inactivity and unemployment. The importance of family disruption (desertion, various types of foster care) and still more importantly, of family conflicts, is emphasized. On an empirical level, those findings are compared with those of studies conducted in other countries, particularly the abundant quantitative literature from North America. On a theoretical level, this article takes its place among discussions initiated by American authors who have worked on the notions of disorganization and social disintegration, and by French authors who have worked on the notions of disaffiliation, disqualification and dis-insertion, and who suggest that researchers move beyond the mere social and family characteristics of the individuals at the time of the crime and take into account their life histories and particularly the family and school elements that left their marks on their entire life itinerary. |
A partir del análisis de un centenar de asuntos criminales juzgados en |
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tribunales de apelación del suroeste de la región parisina durante diez años (1987-1996), este articulo presenta las características demográficas y sociales de 122 asesinos y de sus victimas. Este análisis revela la sobre representación de los medios populares e incluso de las capas más pobres de la población, tanto en lo que respecta a los asesinos como a las victimas, así como el peso de la inactividad y del paro. Aparece también la importancia de la descomposición familiar (abandonos ...) y en particular de los conflictos familiares. Estos resultados son comparados a los de estudios realizados en otros países, y sobre todo a los de numerosos trabajos norteamericanos. En el plano teórico, el articulo aborda las nociones americanas de desorganización y de desagregación social y las de autores franceses sobre la desafiliación, la descalificación o la exclusión, a fin de sobrepasar el simple análisis de las características sociales y familiares de las personas en el momento del crimen y considerar sus historias de vida, integrando en particular los componentes familiares y escolares que han marcado sus trayectorias. |
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