Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry [[electronic resource] ] : From Otto Stern's Pioneering Exploits to Present-Day Feats

• Record Nr.: UNISA996466852403316
• Autore: Friedrich Bretislav
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, : Springer International Publishing AG, 2021
• ISBN: 3-030-63963-0
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (639 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): Schmidt-BöckingHorst
• Soggetti: Quantum physics (quantum mechanics & quantum field theory); Nuclear physics; Astronomy, space & time; History of science; Physics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 An Homage to Otto Stern -- 1 The Frankfurt Conference -- 2 Learning About Otto Stern and Molecular Beams -- 3 Meeting Otto Stern and Hearing Stories from Him -- 4 Fests with Otto Stern Present -- 5 Centennial of Otto Stern and Beyond -- 6 Epilogue -- Appendix: A Historical Puzzle -- Appendix: Lyrics of Cole Porter's "Experiment" -- References -- 2 A Greeting from Hamburg to the Otto Stern Symposium -- Part I Historical Perspectives -- 3 My Uncle Otto Stern -- References -- 4 My Great Uncle; 5 Otto Stern's Molecular Beam Method and Its Impact on Quantum Physics -- 1 Prolog -- 2 Otto Stern's Seminal Experiments -- 2.1 The Stern-Gerlach Experiment -- 2.2 The Three-Stage Stern-Gerlach Experiment -- 2.3 Experimental Evidence for de Broglie's Matter Waves -- 2.4 Measurements of the Magnetic Dipole Moment of the Proton and the Deuteron -- 2.5 Experimental Demonstration of Momentum Transfer Upon Absorption or Emission of a Photon -- 2.6 The Experimental Verification of the Maxwell-Boltzmann Velocity Distribution via Deflection of a Molecular Beam by Gravity -- 3 Epilog -- References; 6 Otto Stern-With Einstein in Prague and in Zürich -- 1 One Semester ; in Prague -- 2 Interacting with the Stars at ETH -- 3 The "Zero-Point Energy" Paper -- 4 The Habilitation Process -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 7 Our Enduring Legacy from Otto Stern -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preface: A View of Otto Stern's Legacy in 1988 -- 3 Portraying Our Enduring Legacy Today -- 4 The Nobel Prizes of Stern and Rabi -- 5 Links Connecting the AMO Nobel Laureates to Otto Stern -- 6 Otto Stern's Heritage in Chemistry -- 7 Epigraph; Appendix: A Summary of Links between the AMO Nobel Laureates and Stern/Rabi -- References -- 8 Walther Gerlach (1889-1979): Precision Physicist, Educator and Research Organizer, Historian of Science -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Walther Gerlach's Social Background, Upbringing, and Education -- 3 Precision Physics -- 3.1 Black-Body Radiation -- 3.2 Walther Gerlach and the Stern-Gerlach Experiment -- 3.3 Radiation Pressure -- 4 Gerlach's Involvement in the Uranprojekt -- 5 Gerlach's Work in the History of Science -- 6 In Conclusion -- References; 9 100 Years Molecular Beam Method Reproduction of Otto Stern's Atomic Beam Velocity Measurement -- 1 Otto Stern's Historic Atomic Beam Velocity Measurement -- 2 Reproduction of Otto Stern's Atomic Beam Velocity Measurement -- 2.1 Reconstruction of the Apparatus -- 2.2 The Trajectories -- 2.3 Measurement of the Rotation Frequency -- 2.4 Mean Free-Path and Quality of the Vacuum -- 2.5 Measurement of the Temperature of the Filament -- 2.6 The Improved Experimental Setup and the Decisive Measurement -- References -- 10 Wilhelm Heinrich Heraeus-Doctoral Student at the University Frankfurt -- Reference; Part II Foundations of Quantum Physics and Precision Measurements
• Sommario/riassunto: This Open Access book gives a comprehensive account of both the history and current achievements of molecular beam research. In 1919, Otto Stern launched the revolutionary molecular beam technique. This technique made it possible to send atoms and molecules with well-defined momentum through vacuum and to measure with high accuracy the deflections they underwent when acted upon by transversal forces. These measurements revealed unforeseen quantum properties of nuclei, atoms, and molecules that became the basis for our current understanding of quantum matter. This volume shows that many key areas of modern physics and chemistry owe their beginnings to the seminal molecular beam work of Otto Stern and his school. Written by internationally recognized experts, the contributions in this volume will help experienced researchers and incoming graduate students alike to keep abreast of current developments in molecular beam research as well as to appreciate the history and evolution of this powerful method and the knowledge it reveals.

Accounting for financial instruments / / Cormac Butler

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910146126603321
• Autore: Butler Cormac
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Chichester, England ; ; Hoboken, NJ, : Wiley, c2009
• ISBN: 9786612028243; 9781119206989; 1119206987; 9781282028241; 1282028243; 9780470743751; 0470743751
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (298 p.)
• Disciplina: 657.76
• Soggetti: Financial instruments - Accounting; Financial instruments - Accounting - Standards
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Accounting for Financial Instruments; Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Scope of the book; 1.3 Background; 1.4 Concerns over the misuse of financial instruments; 1.5 Complexity; 1.6 Revenue recognition; 1.7 Inappropriate reward incentives; 1.8 Protection for shareholders; 1.9 Measuring the 'traders' dilemma'; 2 Accounting Foundations; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 IASB improvements; 2.3 The framework; 2.4 Fair value or cost; 2.5 Artificial volatility; 2.6 Cost model; 2.7 Cherry-picking; 2.8 Subjective valuations; 2.9 Proactive vs. reactive; 2.10 Goodwill; 2.11 Market value accounting2.12 IFRS and its contribution to banking crises; 2.13 IFRS post-Enron; 2.14 Conclusion; 3 Corporate Governance; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Corporate governance; 3.3 Small vs. large shareholdings; 3.4 Traders' dilemma; 3.5 Moral hazard; 3.6 Credit rating agencies I; 3.7 Shareholder democracy; 3.8 Structured products; 3.9 Revenue recognition; 3.10 Non-consolidation; 3.11 Credit rating agencies II; 3.12 Accounting standards and lobbying; 3.13 Investment entities; 3.14 Conclusion; Appendix: Constant proportion debt ; obligations; 4 Hedge Accounting; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Accounting for forward contracts4.3 Accounting pre-IAS 39; 4.4 Artificial volatility; 4.5 Hedge accounting rules; 4.6 Example: Forward rate agreement; 4.7 Conclusion; 5 Illustrative Examples: Hedge Accounting; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Illustration: Fair value hedge; 5.3 Credit spreads; 5.4 Cash flow interest rate swaps; 5.5 Time value vs. change in interest rates; 5.6 Long method fair value hedge; 5.7 Foreign exchange hedge; Appendix: Documentation; 6 Accounting for Structured Products (Market Risk); 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Risk adjusted return on capital; 6.3 Bifurcation rules; 6.4 The reward for risk6.5 Protection for shareholders; 6.6 Illustration: The structured products problem; 6.7 The accounting treatment under embedded derivative rules; 6.8 Past mistakes; 6.9 Conclusion; Appendix 6.1: Overview of embedded derivative rules in international accounting reporting standards; Appendix 6.2: Introduction to derivatives; 7 Accounting for Credit Risk; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Loan approvals; 7.3 Credit spreads; 7.4 Accounting standards; 7.5 Credit rating agencies; 7.6 Credit derivatives; 7.7 Accounting for loans; 7.8 Changes in the accounting standards; 7.9 Accounting rules on credit derivatives and financial guarantees7.10 Structured credit products: an extra layer of complexity; 8 Accounting for Structured Products (Credit Risk); 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Securitisation overview; 8.3 Regulatory arbitrage; 8.4 Prepayment risk synthetic securitisations; 8.5 Accounting for credit risk; 8.6 Accountants, regulators and credit agencies; 8.7 Complexity; 8.8 Disclosure; 8.9 Credit Suisse fiasco; 8.10 Monoline insurance companies; 8.11 Accounting implications; 8.12 First to default; 8.13 SFAS 157 valuations; 8.14 Conclusion; 9 Off-Balance Sheet Accounting
• Sommario/riassunto: This practical book shows how to deal with the complicated area of accounting of financial instruments. Containing a huge number of sophisticated worked examples, the book treats this complex subject in a way that gives clear guidance on the subject. In an introductory, controversial overview of the subject, the book highlights the mistakes that both auditing firms and the accounting standard setters are making, and demonstrates the contribution the International Financial Reporting Standards have made to the current credit crisis.

Intelligent Spectrum Handovers in Cognitive Radio Networks / / by Anandakumar Haldorai, Umamaheswari Kandaswamy

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910337601703321
• Autore: Haldorai Anandakumar
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2019
• ISBN: 3-030-15416-5
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2019.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (230 pages)
• Collana: EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing, , 2522-8609
• Disciplina: 621.384; 004.685
• Soggetti: Telecommunication; Signal processing; Computer networks; Computational intelligence; Communications Engineering, Networks; Signal, Speech and Image Processing; Computer Communication Networks; Computational Intelligence
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Chapter1: Cooperative Spectrum Handovers in Cognitive Radio Networks -- Chapter2: Intelligent Cognitive Radio Communication – A Detailed Approach -- Chapter3: Energy Efficient Spectrum Handovers in Cognitive Network Selection -- Chapter4: Software Radio Architecture: A Mathematical Perspective -- Chapter5: Distributed Algorithms for Learning and Cognitive Medium -- Chapter6: Dynamic Spectrum Handovers in Cognitive Radio Networks -- Chapter7: Supervised Machine Learning Techniques in Cognitive Radio Network Handovers -- Chapter8: Green Wireless Communications via Cognitive Handover -- Chapter9: Secure Distributed Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks -- Chapter10: Applications and Services of Intelligent Spectrum Handover.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book highlights the need for an efficient Handover Decision (HD) ; mechanism to perform switches from one network to another and to provide unified and continuous mobile services that include seamless connectivity and ubiquitous service access. The author shows how the HD involves efficiently combining handover initiation and network selection process. The author describes how the network selection decision is a challenging task that is a central component to making HD for any mobile user in a heterogeneous environment that involves a number of static and dynamic parameters. The author also discusses prevailing technical challenges like Dynamic Spectrum Allocation (DSA) methods, spectrum sensing, cooperative communications, cognitive network architecture protocol design, cognitive network security challenges and dynamic adaptation algorithms for cognitive system and the evolving behavior of systems in general. The book allows the reader to optimize the sensing time for maximizing the spectrum utilization, improve the lifetime of the cognitive radio network (CRN) using active scan spectrum sensing techniques, analyze energy efficiency of CRN, find a secondary user spectrum allocation, perform dynamic handovers, and use efficient data communication in the cognitive networks. Identifies energy efficient spectrum sensing techniques for Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN); Shows how to maximize the energy capacity by minimizing the outage probability; Features end-of-chapter summaries, performance measures, and case studies.