The Bounds of Reason [[electronic resource] ] : Game Theory and the Unification of the Behavioral Sciences

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910454982603321
• Autore: Gintis Herbert
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Princeton, : Princeton University Press, 2009
• ISBN: 1-282-25913-X; 9786612259135; 1-4008-3036-2
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (305 p.)
• Disciplina: 519.3
• Soggetti: Game theory; Human behavior; Practical reason; Psychology; Social sciences --Methodology; Game theory - Methodology; Social sciences; Business & Economics; Economic Theory; Mathematics; Physical Sciences & Mathematics; Algebra; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Preface; 1 Decision Theory and Human Behavior; 1.1 Beliefs, Preferences, and Constraints; 1.2 The Meaning of Rational Action; 1.3 Why Are Preferences Consistent?; 1.4 Time Inconsistency; 1.5 Bayesian Rationality and Subjective Priors; 1.6 The Biological Basis for Expected Utility; 1.7 The Allais and Ellsberg Paradoxes; 1.8 Risk and the Shape of the Utility Function; 1.9 Prospect Theory; 1.10 Heuristics and Biases in Decision Making; 2 Game Theory: Basic Concepts; 2.1 The Extensive Form; 2.2 The Normal Form; 2.3 ; Mixed Strategies; 2.4 Nash Equilibrium; 2.5 The Fundamental Theorem of Game Theory2.6 Solving for Mixed-Strategy Nash Equilibria; 2.7 Throwing Fingers; 2.8 The Battle of the Sexes; 2.9 The Hawk- Dove Game; 2.10 The Prisoner's Dilemma; 2.11 Alice, Bob, and the Choreographer; 2.12 An Efficiency-Enhancing Choreographer; 2.13 The Correlated Equilibrium Solution Concept; 3 Game Theory and Human Behavior; 3.1 Self- and Other-Regarding Preferences; 3.2 Methodological Issues in Behavioral Game Theory; 3.3 An Anonymous Market Exchange; 3.4 The Rationality of Altruistic Giving; 3.5 Conditional Altruistic Cooperation; 3.6 Altruistic Punishment3.7 Strong Reciprocity in the Labor Market; 3.8 Altruistic Third-Party Punishment; 3.9 Altruism and Cooperation in Groups; 3.10 Inequality Aversion; 3.11 The Trust Game; 3.12 Character Virtues; 3.13 The Situational Character of Preferences; 3.14 The Dark Side of Altruistic Cooperation; 3.15 Norms of Cooperation: Cross-Cultural Variation; 4 Rationalizability and Common Knowledge of Rationality; 4.1 Epistemic Games; 4.2 A Simple Epistemic Game; 4.3 An Epistemic Battle of the Sexes; 4.4 Dominated and Iteratedly Dominated Strategies; 4.5 Eliminating Weakly Dominated Strategies4.6 Rationalizable Strategies; 4.7 Eliminating Strongly Dominated Strategies; 4.8 Common Knowledge of Rationality; 4.9 Rationalizability and Common Knowledge of Rationality; 4.10 The Beauty Contest; 4.11 The Traveler's Dilemma; 4.12 The Modified Traveler's Dilemma; 4.13 Global Games; 4.14 CKR Is an Event, Not a Premise; 5 Extensive Form Rationalizability; 5.1 Backward Induction and Dominated Strategies; 5.2 Subgame Perfection; 5.3 Subgame Perfection and Incredible Threats; 5.4 The Surprise Examination; 5.5 The Common Knowledge of Logicality Paradox; 5.6 The Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma5.7 The Centipede Game; 5.8 CKR Fails Off the Backward Induction Path; 5.9 How to Play the Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma; 5.10 The Modal Logic of Knowledge; 5.11 Backward Induction and Extensive Form CKR; 5.12 Rationality and Extensive Form CKR; 5.13 On the Nonexistence of CKR; 6 The Mixing Problem: Purification and Conjectures; 6.1 Why Play Mixed Strategies?; 6.2 Harsanyi's Purification Theorem; 6.3 A Reputational Model of Honesty and Corruption; 6.4 Purifying Honesty and Corruption; 6.5 Epistemic Games: Mixed Strategies as Conjectures; 6.6 Resurrecting the Conjecture Approach to Purification
• Sommario/riassunto: Game theory is central to understanding human behavior and relevant to all of the behavioral sciences--from biology and economics, to anthropology and political science. However, as The Bounds of Reason demonstrates, game theory alone cannot fully explain human behavior and should instead complement other key concepts championed by the behavioral disciplines. Herbert Gintis shows that just as game theory without broader social theory is merely technical bravado, so social theory without game theory is a handicapped enterprise. Gintis illustrates, for instance, that game theor

International handbook of threat assessment

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910453329603321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Oxford : , : Oxford University Press, , 2014; ©2014
• ISBN: 0-19-934095-1
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (426 p.)
• Classificazione: 327.5
• Altri autori (Persone): MeloyJ. Reid; HoffmannJens <1968->
• Soggetti: Vold; Psykologi; Risk; Violent crimes - Prevention; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di contenuto: part I. Foundations -- part II. Fields of practice -- part III. Operations.
• Sommario/riassunto: Threat assessment is a method used by mental health and law enforcement professionals to assess the risk of intended violence toward a specific target, such as attacks and assassinations of public figures, workplace homicides, mass murders, school shootings, and acts of terrorism, both domestic and foreign. Beginning with studies by the U.S. Secret Service twenty years ago, the research and interest in this field has accelerated over the past decade with published scholarship and emerging professional organizations. International Handbook of Threat Assessment offers a definition of the foundat

Combinatorial Image Analysis [[electronic resource] ] : 10th International Workshop, IWCIA 2004, Auckland, New Zealand, December 1-3, 2004, Proceedings / / edited by Reinhard Klette, Jovisa Zunic

• Record Nr.: UNISA996466362303316
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Berlin, Heidelberg : , : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2005
• ISBN: 3-540-30503-3
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2005.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (XII, 760 p.)
• Collana: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, , 0302-9743 ; ; 3322
• Disciplina: 006.4
• Soggetti: Pattern recognition; Discrete mathematics; Optical data processing; Algorithms; Numerical analysis; Computer science—Mathematics; Pattern Recognition; Discrete Mathematics; Image Processing and Computer Vision; Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity; Numeric Computing; Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and author index.
• Nota di contenuto: Discrete Tomography -- Binary Matrices Under the Microscope: A Tomographical Problem -- On the Reconstruction of Crystals Through Discrete Tomography -- Binary Tomography by Iterating Linear Programs from Noisy Projections -- Combinatorics and Computational Models -- Hexagonal Pattern Languages -- A Combinatorial Transparent Surface Modeling from Polarization Images -- Integral Trees: Subtree Depth and Diameter -- Supercover of Non-square and Non-cubic Grids -- Calculating Distance with Neighborhood Sequences ; in the Hexagonal Grid -- On Correcting the Unevenness of Angle Distributions Arising from Integer Ratios Lying in Restricted Portions of the Farey Plane -- Combinatorial Algorithms -- Equivalence Between Regular n-G-Maps and n-Surfaces -- Z-Tilings of Polyominoes and Standard Basis -- Curve Tracking by Hypothesis Propagation and Voting-Based Verification -- 3D Topological Thinning by Identifying Non-simple Voxels -- Convex Hulls in a 3-Dimensional Space -- A Near-linear Time Algorithm for Binarization of Fingerprint Images Using Distance Transform -- Combinatorial Mathematics -- On Recognizable Infinite Array Languages -- On the Number of Digitizations of a Disc Depending on Its Position -- On the Language of Standard Discrete Planes and Surfaces -- Characterization of Bijective Discretized Rotations -- Digital Topology -- Magnification in Digital Topology -- Curves, Hypersurfaces, and Good Pairs of Adjacency Relations -- A Maximum Set of (26,6)-Connected Digital Surfaces -- Simple Points and Generic Axiomatized Digital Surface-Structures -- Minimal Non-simple Sets in 4-Dimensional Binary Images with (8,80)-Adjacency -- Jordan Surfaces in Discrete Antimatroid Topologies -- How to Find a Khalimsky-Continuous Approximation of a Real-Valued Function -- Digital Geometry -- Algorithms in Digital Geometry Based on Cellular Topology -- An Efficient Euclidean Distance Transform -- Two-Dimensional Discrete Morphing -- A Comparison of Property Estimators in Stereology and Digital Geometry -- Thinning by Curvature Flow -- Convex Functions on Discrete Sets -- Discrete Surfaces Segmentation into Discrete Planes -- Approximation of Digital Sets by Curves and Surfaces -- Sketch-Based Shape Retrieval Using Length and Curvature of 2D Digital Contours -- Surface Smoothing for Enhancement of 3D Data Using Curvature-Based Adaptive Regularization -- Minimum-Length Polygon of a Simple Cube-Curve in 3D Space -- Corner Detection and Curve Partitioning Using Arc-Chord Distance -- Shape Preserving Sampling and Reconstruction of Grayscale Images -- Algebraic Approaches -- Comparison of Nonparametric Transformations and Bit Vector Matching for Stereo Correlation -- Exact Optimization of Discrete Constrained Total Variation Minimization Problems -- Tensor Algebra: A Combinatorial Approach to the Projective Geometry of Figures -- Junction and Corner Detection Through the Extraction and Analysis of Line Segments -- Geometric Algebra for Pose Estimation and Surface Morphing in Human Motion Estimation -- Fuzzy Image Analysis -- A Study on Supervised Classification of Remote Sensing Satellite Image by Bayesian Algorithm Using Average Fuzzy Intracluster Distance -- Tree Species Recognition with Fuzzy Texture Parameters -- Image Segmentation -- Fast Segmentation of High-Resolution Satellite Images Using Watershed Transform Combined with an Efficient Region Merging Approach -- Joint Non-rigid Motion Estimation and Segmentation -- Sequential Probabilistic Grass Field Segmentation of Soccer Video Images -- Adaptive Local Binarization Method for Recognition of Vehicle License Plates -- Blur Identification and Image Restoration Based on Evolutionary Multiple Object Segmentation for Digital Auto-focusing -- Performance Evaluation of Binarizations of Scanned Insect Footprints -- Matching and Recognition -- 2D Shape Recognition Using Discrete Wavelet Descriptor Under Similitude Transform -- Which Stereo Matching Algorithm for Accurate 3D Face Creation ? -- Video Cataloging System for Real-Time Scene Change Detection of News Video -- Automatic Face Recognition by Support Vector Machines -- Practical Region-Based Matching for Stereo Vision -- Video Program Clustering Indexing Based on Face Recognition Hybrid Model of Hidden Markov Model and Support Vector Machine -- Texture Feature ; Extraction and Selection for Classification of Images in a Sequence.
• Sommario/riassunto: This volume presents the proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Combinatorial Image Analysis, held December 1–3, 2004, in Auckland, New Zealand. Prior meetings took place in Paris (France, 1991), Ube (Japan, 1992), Washington DC (USA, 1994), Lyon (France, 1995), Hiroshima (Japan, 1997), Madras (India, 1999), Caen (France, 2000), Philadelphia (USA, 2001), and - lermo (Italy, 2003). For this workshop we received 86 submitted papers from 23 countries. Each paper was evaluated by at least two independent referees. We selected 55 papers for the conference. Three invited lectures by Vladimir Kovalevsky (Berlin), Akira Nakamura (Hiroshima), and Maurice Nivat (Paris) completed the program. Conference papers are presented in this volume under the following topical part titles: discrete tomography (3 papers), combinatorics and computational models (6), combinatorial algorithms (6), combinatorial mathematics (4), d- ital topology (7), digital geometry (7), approximation of digital sets by curves and surfaces (5), algebraic approaches (5), fuzzy image analysis (2), image s- mentation (6), and matching and recognition (7). These subjects are dealt with in the context of digital image analysis or computer vision.