Introduction to forensic and criminal psychology / / Dennis Howitt, Loughborough University

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910153255603321
• Autore: Howitt Dennis
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Harlow, England : , : Pearson, , 2015
• ISBN: 1-292-00307-3; 9781292003078
• Edizione: [Fifth edition.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (665 pages)
• Disciplina: 364.3
• Soggetti: Criminal psychology; Forensic psychology
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Contents -- List of figures, tables and boxes -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Publisher's acknowledgements -- 1 What is forensic and criminal psychology? -- Overview -- Introduction -- Researcher-practitioners -- History of forensic and criminal psychology -- Main points -- Further reading -- 2 The social context of crime -- Overview -- Introduction -- The extent of crime -- The extent of criminality -- Crime rates compared internationally -- Conservative and radical interpretations -- International variations in justice systems -- Main points -- Further reading -- 3 Crime and the public -- Overview -- Introduction -- Attitudes towards crime -- Knowledge of crime -- The nature of the fear of crime -- Theories of fear of crime -- Main points -- Further reading -- 4 Victims of crime -- Overview -- Introduction -- Victim-offender overlap -- Post-traumatic stress disorder and victims -- Psychological help for victims -- Post-traumatic anger -- Victim decision making -- Counterfactual thinking -- Main points -- Further reading -- 5 Theories of crime -- Overview -- Introduction -- Neuropsychology of offending -- Intelligence and crime -- Psychoanalysis and crime -- Addiction to crime -- Eysenck's biosocial theory of crime -- Social learning theory -- The social construction of crime -- Main points -- Further reading -- 6 Juvenile offenders and beyond -- Overview -- Introduction -- Adolescents, crime and the family -- International comparisons -- Criminogenic ; factors in childhood -- Continuity of childhood and adult antisocial behaviour -- Social interventions to reduce delinquency -- Young sex offenders -- Specific explanations of antisocial behaviour in childhood -- Lifespan development and criminal careers -- Main points -- Further reading -- 7 Theft and other crimes against property -- Overview -- Introduction.; Shoplifting and kleptomania -- Burglary -- Main points -- Further reading -- 8 Violent offenders -- Overview -- Introduction -- Who is the violent criminal? -- Alcohol and violent crime -- Anger and its management in violent crime -- Media influences on violent crime -- Theories of homicide -- Domestic violence: forensic issues -- Domestic violence by women against men -- Stalking: what sort of crime? -- Desistance from violent crime -- Main points -- Further reading -- 9 Sexual offenders 1: rapists -- Overview -- Introduction -- Frequency of rape -- Sex offenders as specialists and generalists -- Youthful sex offenders -- Is rape a sexual orientation? -- Patterns in rape -- The nature of rapists -- Rape myths -- Socio-cultural factors and sexual violence -- More on the theory of rape -- Synthesising explanations of sex offending -- Main points -- Further reading -- 10 Sexual offenders 2: paedophiles and child molestation -- Overview -- Introduction -- Mental illness and sexual predators -- Classifications of child molesters -- How common is paedophilia? -- The normal sex lives of paedophiles -- The nature of paedophile offences -- Youthful offenders -- Theories of paedophilia -- Denial and sex offending -- Internet paedophile offenders -- Main points -- Further reading -- 11 Police psychology -- Overview -- Introduction -- Recruitment and selection -- Police culture -- Explaining police bias -- Improving police work -- The cognitive interview -- Other types of police interview -- Forensic hypnosis -- Police as eyewitnesses: how accurate are they? -- The police caution -- Use of lethal force -- The impact of their work on the police -- Main points -- Further reading -- 12 Terrorism and hostage-taking incidents -- Overview -- Introduction -- The consequences ofterrorism -- Is there a terrorist personality or profile?.; The problem created for risk assessment -- What makes a terrorist? -- Planning terrorist attacks -- The end of terrorist organisations -- Hostage barricade incidents -- Hostage negotiation -- Main points -- Further reading -- 13 Eyewitness testimony -- Overview -- Introduction -- Eyewitness testimony as a central issue in forensic and criminal psychology -- The accuracy of witness evidence -- Later intrusions into eyewitness memory -- Eyewitness evidence in court -- Improving the validity of the line-up -- The importance of eyewitness evidence research -- Main points -- Further reading -- 14 Profile analysis 1: FBI-style offender profiling -- Overview -- Introduction -- The process of police investigation -- The FBI profiling process -- An example of FBI profiling -- Does profiling work? -- Main points -- Further reading -- 15 Profile analysis 2: investigative psychology and statistical profiling -- Overview -- Introduction -- Statistical profiling -- The homology issue and basic theory -- Profiling and personality -- Main points -- Further reading -- 16 False allegations -- Overview -- Introduction -- How frequent are false allegations? -- Pathways to false allegations -- Child sexual abuse -- False claims of abuse and young children -- The diagnosticity of signs of abuse -- Assessing the accuracy of young children's reports -- In what ways are genuine allegations different? -- Main points -- Further reading -- 17 False confessions -- Overview -- Introduction -- Police interrogation methods -- Types of false confession -- Consequences of a false confession -- Can confession evidence be disregarded? -- Main points -- Further reading -- 18 Lies, lie detecting and credibility 1: the ; psychology of deception -- Overview -- Introduction -- The definition of lying -- Ekman's theory of lie detection -- Are professional lie detectors really no better?.; Reliance on invalid cues to deception -- The quest for lie detection wizards -- Improving lie detection hit rates - cognitive overload -- Strategic questioning -- The SUE (strategic useof evidence) technique -- Conclusion -- Main points -- Further reading -- 19 Lies, lie detecting and credibility 2: the polygraph test and statement validity analysis -- Overview -- Introduction -- The polygraph process -- Problems with the polygraph -- Studies of the validity of polygraphy -- Polygraphy and the post-conviction sex offender -- Alternatives to the polygraph -- Statement validity analysis: criterion-based content analysis and the validity checklist -- The validity of statement validity analysis -- Main points -- Further reading -- 20 Children as witnesses -- Overview -- Introduction -- What is difficult about forensic interviews with children? -- Improving forensic interviews with children -- The trade-off of accuracy against completeness -- Children and lying -- Errors of omission andcommission -- How to interview child witnesses -- Long-term influences of questioning -- Children and line-up identifications -- The role of the interviewer in child witness testimony -- Main points -- Further reading -- 21 Mental disorders and crime -- Overview -- Introduction -- Controlling for confounding factors -- Violence in the mentally ill and national trends -- Confounding by overlapping definitions -- The confounding effects of medication -- The clinical sample problem -- Misclassification of the mentally ill and violent -- Effects of general social trends -- Mental illness and violent crime in community samples -- Clinical aspects of violence -- Who among the mentally ill is violent? -- Mental illness and crime in general -- Why should there be greater criminality among the mentally ill? -- Violent victimisation of the mentally ill.; The special issue of psychopaths and crime -- Reconviction and mental illness -- The police and mental illness -- Main points -- Further reading -- 22 Mental, personality and intellectual problems in court -- Overview -- Introduction -- Competence/capacity to stand trial -- Psychopaths and mental illness -- Post-traumatic stress disorder as a defence -- Main points -- Further reading -- 23 Judges and lawyers -- Overview -- Introduction -- Types of trial -- Are trial outcomes predictable? -- The presentation of evidence in court -- Other lawyer tactics -- Is expert evidence understood in court? -- Judgments -- Decision making in court -- Main points -- Further reading -- 24 Juries and decision making -- Overview -- Introduction -- Scientific jury selection and litigation consultation -- Simple improvements to aid jurors -- The effect of jury size and decision rules -- How juries make decisions -- General processes in juror decision making -- Non-evidential evidence -- Main points -- Further reading -- 25 Effective prison -- Overview -- Introduction -- Prison as a therapeutic community -- Violence in prison -- Suicide in prison -- The effectiveness of prison -- 'Nothing works' -- The many dimensions of psychology in prison -- Main points -- Further reading -- 26 Psychological treatments for prisoners and other offenders -- Overview -- Introduction -- Sex offender therapy in prison -- Treating violent criminals -- Manualisation -- The high-risk offender problem -- Main points -- Further reading -- 27 Assessment of risk, dangerousness and recidivism -- Overview -- Introduction -- Duty to protect -- Risk assessment -- Political context -- Clinical judgement versus statistical assessment -- Clinical approaches in risk and dangerousness assessment -- Structured clinical methods -- Predictors may be specific rather than general.; Statistical or actuarial prediction.
• Sommario/riassunto: With clear and comprehensive coverage of the subject, Introduction to Forensic Criminal Psychology remains the authoritative, must-have text in what is a rapidly changing field. This student-friendly and accessible title is brim full of up-to-date research and valuable pedagogic features-an engaging resource whose high praise is well deserved.

Wahrheit und Revolution : Studien zur Grundproblematik der Marx'schen Gesellschaftskritik / Matthias Bohlender, Anna-Sophie Schönfelder, Matthias Spekker

• Record Nr.: UNISA996352545203316
• Autore: Bohlender Matthias (Universität Osnabrück, Deutschland)
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Bielefeld, : transcript Verlag, 2020
• ISBN: 3-7328-5067-6; 3-8394-5067-5
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (186 p.)
• Collana: Edition Politik ; 90
• Classificazione: MC 8113
• Disciplina: 320.5315
• Soggetti: Karl Marx; Kritik; Gesellschaftskritik; Wahrheit; Wahrheitsanspruch; Revolution; Genealogie; Politisches Denken; Marxismus; Journalismus; Subjektivität; Politische Ökonomie; Wahrheitsverständnis; Politikwissenschaft; Gesellschaft; Politik; Politische Theorie; Politische Philosophie; Sozialphilosophie; Deutsche Philosophiegeschichte; Critique; Critique of Society; Truth; Claim To Truth; Genealogy; Political Thought; Marxism; Journalism; Subjectivity; Political Economy; Understanding of Truth; Political Science; Society; Politics; Political Theory; Political Philosophy; Social Philosophy; German History of Philosophy; Informational works.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Tedesco
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Frontmatter 1 Inhalt 5 Einleitung 7 »ihrem Wesen nach kritisch und revolutionär« 25 Untergehende oder moderne Herrschaftsformen? 77 Wahrheit und Macht 117 Literatur 167 Über die Autorin und die Autoren 183
• Sommario/riassunto: Dass Marx' Gesellschaftskritik den wissenschaftlichen Anspruch hat, wahr zu sein, scheint selbstverständlich. Doch was für ein Wahrheitsverständnis liegt einem Denken zugrunde, das die gesellschaftlichen und politischen Verhältnisse im Hinblick auf die Möglichkeit ihrer praktischen Umwälzung zu begreifen versucht? Dieser Frage wird in drei Studien nachgegangen, die anhand der Marx'schen Überlegungen zur Organisierung revolutionärer Subjektivität, seiner journalistischen Arbeiten sowie seiner Kritik der politischen Ökonomie den immanenten Zusammenhang von wissenschaftlichem Wahrheitsanspruch und Revolutionsperspektive in Marx' Werk herausarbeiten. Dadurch eröffnet sich zugleich der Blick auf eine zentrale Problematik jeder modernen Gesellschaftskritik, die einen begründeten Anspruch auf Wahrheit hat.; »Den Autoren ist zu danken für die aufklärerische und weiterführende Marx-Kritik.« Ignaz Knips, Widerspruch, 70 (2020) »Der Band [formuliert] in dem in der Theoriedebatte immer wieder neu auftauchenden Konflikt zwischen Wissenschaft und materialistischer Kritik eine erkenntnisreiche Position, der eine breite Diskussion zu wünschen ist.« Patrick Viol, Jungle World, 41 (2020)