1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910463707203321

Autore

Stone Mark R (Mark Richard)

Titolo

From Lombard Street to Avenida Paulista [[electronic resource] ] : foreign exchange liquidity easing in Brazil in response to the global shock of 2008-09 / / Mark R. Stone, W. Christopher Walker, and Yosuke Yasui

Pubbl/distr/stampa

[Washington, D.C.], : International Monetary Fund, 2009

ISBN

1-4623-5676-1

9786612844539

1-4518-7405-7

1-282-84453-9

1-4527-8940-1

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (53 p.)

Collana

IMF working paper ; ; WP/09/259

Altri autori (Persone)

WalkerW. Christopher

YasuiYosuke

Soggetti

Foreign exchange rates - Brazil

Futures - Brazil

Electronic books.

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references.

Nota di contenuto

Cover Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; I. Introduction; 1. Medium and Large Emerging Market Economies, Number of Central Bank Foreign Exchange Liquidity Easing Measures, 2008-09; II. Background for Brazil; 1. Brazil-Exchange Rate level and Volatility During the Crisis; 2. Cupom Cambial and LIBOR; III. Policy Context; IV. Empirical Analysis; 2. Estimates of the Effect of the BCB's Announcements and Interventions on the Spot Rate15; 3. Estimates of the Effect of the BCB's Announcements and Interventions on the Implied Volatility

4. Estimates of the Effect of the BCB's Announcements and Interventions on Basis SpreadV. Closing Thoughts; 1. Cupom Cambial and Basis Spreads; 2. Foreign Exchange Measures of the Banco Central do Brasil, September 2008-May 2009; 3. Quotes from Lombard Street; 4. Data Description; 5. Unit Root Tests; References; Footnotes



Sommario/riassunto

The provision of foreign exchange liquidity by emerging market central banks during the global shock of 2008-09 departs from the domestic liquidity lender of last resort role described by Bagehot in his classic ""Lombard Street."" This paper documents and analyzes the foreign exchange liquidity providing measures of the Banco Central do Brasil (BCB) in response to varied market stresses. These measures appear to have reduced the relative onshore cost of dollar liquidity on impact and seemed to stabilize market expectations of exchange rate volatility. The results suggest that foreign exchange

2.

Record Nr.

UNISA996279879003316

Titolo

ANSI/IEEE C37.34d-1984 : IEEE Standard Test Code for High-Voltage Air Switches / / Switchgear Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Piscataway, NJ : , : IEEE, , 1984

ISBN

0-7381-4131-3

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (2 pages)

Disciplina

621.3

Soggetti

Electric switchgear - Standards

Electric switchgear - Testing

High voltages

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Sommario/riassunto

The purpose of the mechanical operations test for high-voltage air switches is to demonstrate the ability of a completely assembled switch to operate satisfactorily during its operating life expectancy. The test code has been patterned after IEC Publication 129, Specifications for Alternating Current Disconnectors (Isolators) and Earthing Switches, paragraph 48. The following specific comments noted are to assist in the evaluation of each section of the supplement stated below: 4.3 It is necessary to motor operate at minimum and maxium control voltage



(as in IEC Publication 129) because operation at other than rated control voltage may produce significantly different forces and stresses from those produced during norma! voltage operatian. 4.4 IEC Publication 129 allows lubrication during the test, These proposed revisions do not. 5.3 Final judgment for acceptable completion of the mechanical nperations test (if there is any concern about contact pressure loss, voltage drop increase, or resistance increase through mechanical wear) requires satisfactory completion of a temperature rise or short-time current test.