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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910143741503321 |
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Autore |
Levinson Stephen E |
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Titolo |
Mathematical models for speech technology [[electronic resource] /] / Stephen E. Levinson |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Chichester, West Sussex, England ; ; Hoboken, NJ, USA, : John Wiley, c2005 |
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ISBN |
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1-280-27512-X |
9786610275120 |
0-470-02091-1 |
0-470-02090-3 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (283 p.) |
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Disciplina |
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006.4/54/015118 |
006.454015118 |
410.15118 |
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Soggetti |
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Speech processing systems |
Computational linguistics |
Applied linguistics - Mathematics |
Stochastic processes |
Knowledge, Theory of |
Electronic books. |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references (p. [243]-255) and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Mathematical Models for Speech Technology; Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Milestones in the history of speech technology; 1.2 Prospects for the future; 1.3 Technical synopsis; 2 Preliminaries; 2.1 The physics of speech production; 2.1.1 The human vocal apparatus; 2.1.2 Boundary conditions; 2.1.3 Non-stationarity; 2.1.4 Fluid dynamical effects; 2.2 The source-filter model; 2.3 Information-bearing features of the speech signal; 2.3.1 Fourier methods; 2.3.2 Linear prediction and the Webster equation; 2.4 Time-frequency representations; 2.5 Classification of acoustic patterns in speech |
2.5.1 Statistical decision theory2.5.2 Estimation of class-conditional probability density functions; 2.5.3 Information-preserving transformations; 2.5.4 Unsupervised density estimation - quantization; |
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2.5.5 A note on connectionism; 2.6 Temporal invariance and stationarity; 2.6.1 A variational problem; 2.6.2 A solution by dynamic programming; 2.7 Taxonomy of linguistic structure; 2.7.1 Acoustic phonetics, phonology, and phonotactics; 2.7.2 Morphology and lexical structure; 2.7.3 Prosody, syntax, and semantics; 2.7.4 Pragmatics and dialog; 3 Mathematical models of linguistic structure |
3.1 Probabilistic functions of a discrete Markov process3.1.1 The discrete observation hidden Markov model; 3.1.2 The continuous observation case; 3.1.3 The autoregressive observation case; 3.1.4 The semi-Markov process and correlated observations; 3.1.5 The non-stationary observation case; 3.1.6 Parameter estimation via the EM algorithm; 3.1.7 The Cave-Neuwirth and Poritz results; 3.2 Formal grammars and abstract automata; 3.2.1 The Chomsky hierarchy; 3.2.2 Stochastic grammars; 3.2.3 Equivalence of regular stochastic grammars and discrete HMMs; 3.2.4 Recognition of well-formed strings |
3.2.5 Representation of phonology and syntax4 Syntactic analysis; 4.1 Deterministic parsing algorithms; 4.1.1 The Dijkstra algorithm for regular languages; 4.1.2 The Cocke-Kasami-Younger algorithm for context-free languages; 4.2 Probabilistic parsing algorithms; 4.2.1 Using the Baum algorithm to parse regular languages; 4.2.2 Dynamic programming methods; 4.2.3 Probabilistic Cocke-Kasami-Younger methods; 4.2.4 Asynchronous methods; 4.3 Parsing natural language; 4.3.1 The right-linear case; 4.3.2 The Markovian case; 4.3.3 The context-free case; 5 Grammatical Inference |
5.1 Exact inference and Gold's theorem5.2 Baum's algorithm for regular grammars; 5.3 Event counting in parse trees; 5.4 Baker's algorithm for context-free grammars; 6 Information-theoretic analysis of speech communication; 6.1 The Miller et al. experiments; 6.2 Entropy of an information source; 6.2.1 Entropy of deterministic formal languages; 6.2.2 Entropy of languages generated by stochastic grammars; 6.2.3 Epsilon representations of deterministic languages; 6.3 Recognition error rates and entropy; 6.3.1 Analytic results derived from the Fano bound; 6.3.2 Experimental results |
7 Automatic speech recognition and constructive theories of language |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Mathematical Models of Spoken Language presents the motivations for, intuitions behind, and basic mathematical models of natural spoken language communication. A comprehensive overview is given of all aspects of the problem from the physics of speech production through the hierarchy of linguistic structure and ending with some observations on language and mind. The author comprehensively explores the argument that these modern technologies are actually the most extensive compilations of linguistic knowledge available.Throughout the book, the emphasis is on placing all the material in |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNISA996216545603316 |
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Titolo |
The elementary school journal |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Chicago, Ill. : , : University of Chicago Press, , 1914- |
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ISSN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (volumes) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Periodico |
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Note generali |
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Refereed/Peer-reviewed |
Title from title screen (publishers Web site viewed Feb. 28, 2005). |
Some issues also have a theme title. |
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3. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910953330303321 |
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Autore |
Rosen Michael J |
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Titolo |
Donor-centered planned gift marketing / / Michael J. Rosen |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, 2011 |
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ISBN |
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9786612859878 |
9780470915332 |
0470915331 |
9781282859876 |
1282859870 |
9780470915318 |
0470915315 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (382 p.) |
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Collana |
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AFP fund development series |
Nonprofit essentials |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Deferred giving - United States |
Deferred giving |
Fund raising |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Donor-Centered Planned Gift Marketing (AFP Fund Development Series); The AFP Fund Development Series; Contents; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Chapter 1: Introduction to Donor-Centered Marketing; Chapter 2: Identify Who Makes Planned Gifts; Chapter 3: Identify What Motivates Planned Gift Donors; Chapter 4: Educate and Cultivate Planned Gift Prospects; Chapter 5: Educate and Cultivate Professional Advisors; Chapter 6: The Ask; Chapter 7: Stewardship; Chapter 8: Getting Started; Appendix A: Planned Gift Program Potential Worksheet; Appendix B: Bequest Confirmation Form |
Appendix C: Sample Internal Case for Donor-Centered Philanthropic Planning: GPD Academy Appendix D: Cost to Raise a Planned Gift Dollar Worksheet; Notes; Glossary; References; About the Author; AFP Code of Ethical Principles and Standards; A Donor Bill of Rights; Model Standards of Practice for the Charitable Gift Planner; Index |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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A fresh step-by-step guide for identifying your nonprofit's planned giving prospects and inspiring them to give generously Donor-Centered Planned Gift Marketing helps nonprofit organizations move beyond traditional marketing techniques that have historically yielded only modest results and reveals how putting the focus on the donor can produce the best outcomes for all. Here, nonprofits new to gift planning will learn to market effectively from the start while those with established programs will discover ways to enhance their efforts. You will learn about various donor-centered |
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