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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910452325403321 |
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Autore |
Mao Yushi |
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Titolo |
Food security and farm land protection in China [[electronic resource] /] / Mao Yushi, Zhao Nong, Yang Xiaojing ; [in-house editor, Dong Lixi] |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Singapore ; ; Hackensack, N.J., : World Scientific Pub., c2013 |
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ISBN |
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1-299-46234-0 |
981-4412-06-6 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (386 p.) |
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Collana |
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Series on Chinese economics research, , 2251-1644 ; ; v. 2 |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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ZhaoNong |
YangXiaojing |
LixiDong |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Agriculture - Economic aspects - China |
Land use, Rural - China |
Agriculture and state - China |
Food supply - China |
Food supply - Government policy - China |
Electronic books. |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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About the Authors; Editorial Committee; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Preface; Chapter 1. Research on the Total Area, Structure and Quality of China's Cultivated Land; 1 Introduction; 2 The Current Situation of China's Cultivated Land; 2.1 China's land and agricultural land: Categories and total area; 2.2 Distribution of China's cultivated land; 2.3 Total area and classification of China's cultivated land; 3 Changes in China's Cultivated Land Area since its Establishment; 3.1 Changes in China's cultivated land area since its establishment: Domestic statistics |
3.2 Changes in China's cultivated land area since its establishment: International statistics from FAO 3.3 Causes of changes in cultivated land area and reliability analysis of relevant data; 3.3.1. 1949-1957: Significant increase of cultivated land area; 3.3.2. 1958-1960: Drastic decrease of cultivated land area; 3.3.3. 1960-1978: Reliability of statistics comes under question; 3.3.4. 1979-1999: The continual |
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decrease of cultivated land area shown by statistics is questionable; 3.4 Partial correction to the total area of cultivated land |
3.5 The trend of changes of China's cultivated land area per capita 4 Structural Changes of China's Cultivated Land Area; 4.1 Structural changes of China's cultivated land before the 1980's; 4.2 Structural changes of cultivated land from 1980's-1990's; 4.3 Structural changes of cultivated land since 1996; 5 The General Situation of China's Cultivated Land Quality; 5.1 The current situation of China's cultivated land quality; 5.2 Impacts of cultivated land use changes on cultivated land quality; 6 Conversion of Cultivated Land to Forests Program |
6.1 The background of conversion of cultivated land to forests program 6.2 Progress of conversion of cultivate land to forests program; 6.2.1. Pilot demonstration stage, 1999-2001; 6.2.2. Program implementation stage, 2001-2010; 6.3 The impacts of conversion of cultivated land to forests and grassland on food security; Appendix; Chapter 2. The Unsuccessful Cultivated Land Protection System; 1 Increasingly Enhanced Cultivated Land Protection System versus Increasingly Decreased Cultivated Land Area; 1.1 Cultivated land protection system in China; 1.1.1. Principles of direct policies |
1.1.2. Means of realization of direct policies1.1.3. Indirect policies; 1.1.4. The counteracting policy of returning cultivated land to forests; 1.2 What is wrong with the policies?; 1.2.1. Defaults in principles of cultivated land protection; 1.2.2. Local governments' gaming ability counteracts the effects of laws and policies of the central authorities (quoted from The Implementation and Protection of Property Rights of Land in the Process of Urbanization by Zhao Nong) |
1.2.3. The dynamic equilibrium between occupation and reclamation of cultivated land lacks assessment on scientific basis and standards |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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News: Mao Yushi, one of China's most outspoken and influential activists for individual rights and free markets, has been named the 2012 winner of the Cato Institute's Milton Friedman Prize for Advancing Liberty . The objective of publishing this book is to let the general public have a better understanding of the food security situation in China and better comprehension of the merit of allocating land through market mechanism. In addition, it makes the public aware of the inefficiencies of current government regulated land system. As a populous country in the world, China emphasizes too much... |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNISA996209709303316 |
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Autore |
Lin Yi-Bing <1961-> |
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Titolo |
Charging for mobile all-IP telecommunications / / Yi-Bing Lin, Sok-Ian Sou |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Chichester, West Sussex, U.K., : , , 2008 |
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[Piscataqay, New Jersey] : , : IEEE Xplore, , [2009] |
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ISBN |
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1-281-84113-7 |
9786611841133 |
0-470-77767-2 |
0-470-77766-4 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (301 p.) |
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Collana |
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Wiley series on wireless communications and mobile computing |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Disciplina |
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384.5/33 |
384.533 |
621.3845 |
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Soggetti |
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Internet telephony - Prices |
Cell phone services industry |
Invoices - Computer programs |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Preface -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Charging for Mobile All-IP Networks -- 1.2 Online Charging -- 1.3 Concluding Remarks -- 1.4 Review Questions -- 1.5 References -- Chapter 2: Telecommunications Networks -- 2.1 Public Switched Telephone Network -- 2.2 Global System for Mobile Communications -- 2.3 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System -- 2.4 IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem -- 2.5 WLAN and Cellular Interworking -- 2.6 Concluding Remarks -- 2.7 Review Questions -- 2.8 References -- Chapter 3: Telecommunications Services -- 3.1 Automated Attendant -- 3.2 Charging Services -- 3.3 Routing Services -- 3.4 Dialing Services -- 3.5 Screening Services -- 3.6 Interrupt Services -- 3.7 Mass Call -- 3.8 Universal Personal Telecommunications Number -- 3.9 Interactive Voice Response Techniques -- 3.10 Other Telephone Services -- 3.11 Mobile Telecommunications Services -- 3.12 Concluding Remarks -- 3.13 Review Questions -- 3.14 References -- Chapter 4: GPRS |
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Tunneling Protocol Extension -- 4.1 The GTP' Protocol -- 4.2 Connection Setup Procedure -- 4.3 CDR Transfer Procedure -- 4.4 Prepaid Quota Management -- 4.5 Prepaid Quota Management Procedure -- 4.6 Concluding Remarks -- 4.7 Review Questions -- 4.8 References -- Chapter 5: Mobile Charging Protocols -- 5.1 Customized Application for the Mobile Network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) -- 5.2 Remote Access Dial In User Service (RADIUS) -- 5.3 Diameter -- 5.4 Diameter-based Offline Charging -- 5.5 Diameter-based Online Charging -- 5.6 Session Initiation Protocol: IMS Charging Headers -- 5.7 Concluding Remarks -- 5.8 Review Questions -- 5.9 References -- Chapter 6: UMTS CS/PS Charging Management -- 6.1 Circuit Switched Service Domain -- 6.2 Packet Switched Service Domain -- 6.3 Concluding Remarks -- 6.4 Review Questions -- 6.5 References -- Chapter 7: IMS and MMS Offline Charging Management -- 7.1 Offline Charging for IMS -- 7.2 IMS Charging Correlation -- 7.3 Multimedia Messaging Service Domain -- 7.4 Mediation Device -- 7.5 Concluding Remarks. |
7.6 Review Questions -- 7.7 References -- Chapter 8: UMTS Online Charging -- 8.1 UMTS Charging Architecture (Release 6) -- 8.2 Online Charging Scenarios -- 8.3 Concluding Remarks -- 8.4 Review Questions -- 8.5 References -- Chapter 9: Service Data Flow-based Charging -- 9.1 Online Flow Based Charging Architecture -- 9.2 Content-based Service for Online TPF/GPRS -- 9.3 Online IMS Flow-based Charging -- 9.4 Policy and Charging Control Integration -- 9.5 Concluding Remarks -- 9.6 Review Questions -- 9.7 References -- Chapter 10: Billing for VoIP Services -- 10.1 A VoIP Network Architecture -- 10.2 Call Detail Record Generation -- 10.3 Deriving Call Holding Time Distributions -- 10.4 Observations form the Call Holding Time Statistics -- 10.5 Concluding Remarks -- 10.6 Review Questions -- 10.7 References -- Appendix A. Connection Failure Detection for GTP' -- A.1 GTP' Failure Detection -- A.2 Numerical Examples -- A.3 Concluding Remarks -- A.4 Notation -- A.5 References -- Appendix B. Charging for Integrated Prepaid VoIP and Messaging Services -- B.1 Prepaid Application Server of SIP-based Services -- B.2 Charging Integration for Prepaid Calls and Instant Messaging -- B.2.1 Prepaid IMS-to-PSTN Call Setup and Release -- B.2.2 Prepaid Instant Messaging Delivery -- B.2.3 Charging Policy of the Prepaid Application Server -- B.3 Performance for the PAS Charging Policy -- B.4 Concluding Remarks -- B.5 Notation -- B.6 References -- Appendix C. Modeling Credit Reservation for OCS -- C.1 Recharge Threshold-based Credit Reservation -- C.2 Numerical Examples and Conclusions -- C.3 Notation -- C.4 References -- Appendix D. Reducing Credit Re-authorization Cost -- D.1 Credit Re-authorization Procedure -- D.2 The Threshold-based Scheme -- D.3 Numerical Examples -- D.4 Concluding Remarks -- D.5 Notation -- D.6 References -- Appendix E. Credit Redistribution for UMTS Prepaid Service through CAMEL -- E.1 The IN Approach for the UMTS Prepaid Service -- E.2 The Prepaid Charging Message Flow. |
E.3 The Prepaid Credit Reclaim (PCR) Mechanism -- E.4 Concluding Remarks -- E.5 Notation -- E.6 References -- Appendix F. An Example of IMS Charging Application Server -- F.1 Rf/Ro Interface and Session Initialization -- F.2 Creating Rf/Ro Requests -- F.3 Receiving Answers -- F.4 Error/Timeout Handling and Debugging -- F.5 References -- Appendix G. Non-IP-Based Prepaid Phone Service -- G.1 Non-IP-based Mobile Prepaid Services -- G.2 Wireless Intelligent Network Approach -- G.2.1 WIN Call Origination -- G.2.2 WIN Call Termination -- G.2.3 WIN Prepaid Recharging -- G.3 Service Node Approach -- G.4 Hot Billing Approach -- G.4.1 Hot Billing Initialization and Call Origination |
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-- G.4.2 Hot Billing Customer Query and Recharging -- G.5 Handset-Based Approach -- G.5.1 SIM Card Issues -- G.5.2 Handset-Based Call Origination -- G.5.3 Handset-Based Prepaid Recharging -- G.6 Comparison of the Prepaid Solutions -- G.6.1 Roaming to other networks -- G.6.2 Scalability -- G.6.3 Fraud Risk -- G.6.4 Initial System Setup -- G.6.5 Service Features -- G.6.6 Real-Time Rating -- G.7 Business Issues -- G.8 Concluding Remarks -- G.9. Review Questions -- G.10. References -- Appendix H. Performance of Service Node Based Mobile Prepaid Service -- H.1 The Service Node Approach -- H.2 Numeric Examples -- H.2.1 Effects of the Variation of Call Charges -- H.2.2 Effect of I on E[BL*]/I -- H.2.3 The Cost Function -- H.3 Concluding Remarks -- H.4 Notation -- H.5 References. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This book provides a complete and comprehensive overview of 3G UMTS charging services Evolving from offline billing of traditional telecommunications, charging for IP services in mobile networks is challenging; charging convergence is one of the major trends in the telecom industry. Advanced mobile telecommunications incorporates data applications with real-time control and management, and requires a convergent and flexible online charging system. Such convergence is essential to mitigate fraud and credit risks in order to provide more personalized information to users about charges and credit limit controls. Charging for Mobile All-IP Telecommunications provides comprehensive and practical coverage of online and offline charging based on mobile operator experiences, and the latest efforts undertaken by the UMTS specifications. Key features: . Presents a complete overview of the telecommunications charging system, including the evolution from 2G to 3G and all-IP network charging frameworks . Discusses all management aspects related to charging and billing processes, with a focus on the major trends and developments within the telecoms industry . Provides an overview of the telecom networks such as PSTN, GSM, UMTS and IMS . Covers the concepts of the telecom charging on mobile services and the new technologies for implementing online charging system, such as GTP' and Diameter protocol . Contains coverage on network nodes and data flows in relation to charging of mobile applications, such as IMS call and content downloading . Explains the IP-based online charging system, protocol details and recent trends in charging for mobile telecom industry This book is an invaluable resource for graduate students, telecoms and IP engineers, network service providers and system architects. Information technologists and networking equipment manufacturers will also find this book insightful. |
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