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ANALYTICAL TROUBLESHOOTING OF PROCESS MACHINERY AND PRESSURE VESSELS; CONTENTS; Preface; 1 Introduction; 2 Strength of Materials; 2.1 Load Calculations; 2.2 Stress Calculations; 2.2.1 Axial Stress; 2.2.2 Shear Stress; 2.2.3 Bending Stress; 2.2.4 Torsional Stress; 2.2.5 Combined Stresses; 2.2.6 Thermal Stresses; 2.2.7 Transient Temperatures and Stresses; 2.2.8 High-Temperature Creep; 2.2.9 Shell Stresses; 2.3 Piping Thermal Forces, Moments, and Frequencies; 2.3.1 Piping Failures; 2.4 Allowable and Design Stresses; 2.5 Fatigue Due to Cyclic Loading; 2.6 Elongation and Deflection Calculations |
2.7 Factor of Safety2.8 Case History: Agitator Steady Bearing Loading; 2.8.1 Additional Agitator Guidelines (Single Impeller); 2.9 Case History: Extruder Shaft Failure; 2.10 Dynamic Loading; 2.10.1 Centrifugal Force; 2.10.2 Inertias and WR(2); 2.10.3 Energy Relationships; 2.11 Case History: Centrifuge Bearing Failures; 2.12 Case History: Bird Impact Force on a Windscreen; 2.13 Case History: Torsional Impact on a Propeller; 2.14 Case History: Startup Torque on a Motor Coupling; 2.15 Case History: Friction Clamping Due to Bolting; 2.16 Case History: Failure of a Connecting Rod in a Race Car |
2.17 Bolting2.17.1 Holding Capacity; 2.17.2 Limiting Torque; 2.17.3 Bolt Elongation and Relaxation; 2.17.4 Torquing Methods; 2.17.5 Fatigue of Bolts; 2.17.6 Stripping Strength of Threads; 2.17.7 Case History: Power Head Gasket Leak; 2.18 Ball and Roller Bearing Life Estimates; 2.18.1 Case History: Bearing Life of a Shaft Support; 2.18.2 Coupling Offset and Bearing Life; 2.19 Hydrodynamic Bearings; 2.19.1 Shell and Pad Failures; 2.20 Gears; 2.20.1 Gear Acceptability Calculations; 2.20.2 Case History: Uprate Acceptability of a Gear Unit; 2.21 Interference Fits |
2.21.1 Keyless Hydraulically Fitted Hubs2.21.2 Case History: Taper Fit Holding Ability; 2.21.3 Case History: Flying Hydraulically Fitted Hub; 2.22 Strength of Welds; 2.23 Fatigue of Welds; 2.24 Repair of Machinery; 2.24.1 Shafts; 2.24.2 Housings and Cases; 2.24.3 Gearboxes; 2.24.4 Sleeve Bearings and Bushing Clearances; 2.24.5 Alignments; 2.24.6 Acceptable Coupling Offset and Angular Misalignment; 2.24.7 Vibration Measurements; 2.25 Interpreting Mechanical Failures; 2.25.1 Failures with Axial, Bending, and Torsional Loading; 2.25.2 Gear Teeth Failures; 2.25.3 Spring Failures |
2.25.4 Bolt Failures2.25.5 Bearing Failures; 2.25.6 Reading a Bearing; 2.25.7 Large Gearbox Keyway and Shaft Failures; 2.26 Case History: Sizing a Bushing Running Clearance; 2.27 Case History: Galling of a Shaft in a Bushing; 2.28 Case History: Remaining Fatigue Life with Cyclic Stresses; 2.29 Procedure for Evaluating Gasketed Joints; 2.30 Gaskets in High-Temperature Service; 2.31 O-Ring Evaluation; 2.32 Case History: Gasket That Won't Pass a Hydrotest; 2.33 Case History: Heat Exchanger Leak Due to Temperature; 2.34 Equipment Wear; 2.35 Case History: Excessive Wear of a Ball Valve |
3 Vibration Analysis |