EDP auditing : a primer / Joseph L. Sardinas, John G. Burch, Richard J. Asebrook

• Record Nr.: UNISA990003321150203316
• Autore: SARDINAS, Joseph L.
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York : John Wiley & Sons, copyr. 1981
• Descrizione fisica: IX, 209 p. : ill. ; 23 cm
• Altri autori (Persone): BURCH, John G.
• Collocazione: 657.45 SAR
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia

Immigrant dialects and language maintenance in Australia [[electronic resource] ] : the cases of the Limburg and Swabian dialects / / Anne Pauwels

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910462045103321
• Autore: Pauwels Anne
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Dordrecht, Holland ; ; Providence, R.I., U.S.A., : Foris Pubs., 1986
• ISBN: 3-11-088349-X
• Edizione: [Reprint 2010]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (164 p.)
• Collana: Topics in Sociolinguistics ; ; 2
• Disciplina: 306.4; 401
• Soggetti: Bilingualism - Australia; German language - Dialects - Australia; Dutch language - Dialects - Australia; Language and languages - Australia; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. [137]-147) and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Front matter -- 1. OUTLINE AND SCOPE OF THE INVESTIGATION -- 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THIS STUDY -- 3. THE LANGUAGE GROUPS -- 4. ORGANIZATION OF THE INVESTIGATION -- 5. THE INVESTIGATION -- 6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE IMPLICATIONS -- 7. APPENDICES -- ABBREVIATIONS IN BIBLIOGRAPHY -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- AUTHOR INDEX
• Sommario/riassunto: Immigrant Dialects and Language Maintenance in Australia: The Cases of the Limburg and Swabia Dialects (Topics in Sociolinguistics, 2)

Changing the Course of AIDS : Peer Education in South Africa and Its Lessons for the Global Crisis / / David Dickinson ; foreword by Charles Deutsch

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910459949103321
• Autore: Dickinson David <1963->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Ithaca : , : ILR Press, , 2009; ©2009
• ISBN: 0-8014-5850-1
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (272 p.)
• Collana: The culture and politics of health care work
• Disciplina: 362.196/979200968
• Soggetti: Occupational Health Services - South Africa; Health Education - South Africa; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - prevention & control - South Africa; Health education - South Africa; Occupational health services - South Africa; Change (Psychology) - Health aspects - South Africa; Peer counseling - South Africa; AIDS (Disease) - South Africa; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: "Empowered with information I have influenced a lot of people" : the quest for behavioral change -- "People are dying, but they don't listen ; when we tell them" : the corporate response to HIV/AIDS in South Africa -- "For the love of people" : peer education as a response from below -- Backstage social divisions -- Slipping out of order -- To speak with one voice -- Social space, leadership, and action : peer education and behavioral change.
• Sommario/riassunto: Changing the Course of AIDS is an in-depth evaluation of a new and exciting way to create the kind of much-needed behavioral change that could affect the course of the global health crisis of HIV/AIDS. This case study from the South African HIV/AIDS epidemic demonstrates that regular workers serving as peer educators can be as—or even more—effective agents of behavioral change than experts who lecture about the facts and so-called appropriate health care behavior.After spending six years researching the response of large South African companies to the epidemic that is decimating their workforce as well as South African communities, David Dickinson describes the promise of this grassroots intervention—workers educating one another in the workplace and community—and the limitations of traditional top-down strategies. Dickinson's book takes us right into the South African workplace to show how effective and yet enormously complex peer education really is. We see what it means when workers directly tackle the kinds of sexual, gender, religious, ethnic, and broader social and political taboos that make behavior change so difficult, particularly when that behavior involves sex and sexuality.Dickinson's findings show that people who are not officially health care experts or even health care workers can be skilled and effective educators. In this book we see why peer education has so much to offer societies grappling with the HIV/AIDS epidemic and why those interested in changing behaviors to ameliorate other health problems like obesity, alcoholism, and substance abuse have so much to learn from the South African example.

Design and analysis of clinical trials : concepts and methodologies / / Shein-Chung Chow, Jen-pei Liu

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910822202603321
• Autore: Chow Shein-Chung <1955->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hoboken, New Jersey, : Wiley, [2014]
• ISBN: 9781118458099; 1118458095; 9781118458167; 1118458168; 9781118458143; 1118458141; 9781118458136; 1118458133
• Edizione: [3rd ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 recurso en línea (893 páginas)
• Collana: Wiley series in probability and statistics
• Altri autori (Persone): LiuJen-pei
• Soggetti: Biometría; Estudios clínicos - Métodos estadísticos; Estudios clínicos - Métodología
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Índice. Bibliografía
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials -- Contents -- Preface -- PART I Preliminaries -- CHAPTER 1 Introduction -- 1.1 WHAT ARE CLINICAL TRIALS? -- 1.2 HISTORY OF CLINICAL TRIALS -- 1.3 REGULATORY PROCESS AND REQUIREMENTS -- 1.3.1 The Food and Drug Administration -- 1.3.2 FDA Regulations for Clinical Trials -- 1.3.3 Phases of Clinical Development -- 1.4 INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG APPLICATION -- 1.4.1 Clinical Trial Protocol -- 1.4.2 Institutional Review Board -- 1.4.3 Safety Report -- 1.4.4 Treatment IND -- 1.4.5 Withdrawal and Termination of an IND -- 1.4.6 Communication with the FDA -- 1.5 NEW DRUG APPLICATION -- 1.5.1 Expanded Access -- 1.5.2 Abbreviated New Drug Application -- 1.5.3 Supplemental New Drug Application -- 1.5.4 Advisory Committee -- 1.6 CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT AND PRACTICE -- 1.6.1 Clinical Development Plan -- ; 1.6.2 Good Clinical Practice -- 1.7 AIMS AND STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK -- CHAPTER 2 Basic Statistical Concepts -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 UNCERTAINTY AND PROBABILITY -- 2.2.1 Uncertainty -- 2.2.2 Probability -- 2.3 BIAS AND VARIABILITY -- 2.3.1 Bias -- 2.3.2 Variability -- 2.4 CONFOUNDING AND INTERACTION -- 2.4.1 Confounding -- 2.4.2 Interaction -- 2.5 DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS -- 2.6 HYPOTHESES TESTING AND p-VALUES -- 2.6.1 p-Values -- 2.6.2 One-Sided Versus Two-Sided Hypotheses -- 2.7 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND CLINICAL EQUIVALENCE -- 2.8 REPRODUCIBILITY AND GENERALIZABILITY -- 2.8.1 Reproducibility -- 2.8.2 Generalizability -- CHAPTER 3 Basic Design Considerations -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 GOALS OF CLINICAL TRIALS -- 3.3 TARGET POPULATION AND PATIENT SELECTION -- 3.3.1 Eligibility Criteria -- 3.3.2 Patient Selection Process -- 3.3.3 Ethical Considerations -- 3.4 SELECTION OF CONTROLS -- 3.4.1 Placebo Concurrent Control -- 3.4.2 Dose-Response Concurrent Control -- 3.4.3 Active (Positive) Concurrent Control.; 3.4.4 No Treatment Concurrent Control -- 3.4.5 Historical Control -- 3.5 STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- 3.5.1 Efficacy and Safety Assessment -- 3.5.2 Sample Size Estimation -- 3.5.3 Interim Analysis and Data Monitoring -- 3.5.4 Statistical and Clinical Inference -- 3.6 OTHER ISSUES -- 3.6.1 Single Site Versus Multisites -- 3.6.2 Treatment Duration -- 3.6.3 Patient Compliance -- 3.6.4 Missing Value and Dropout -- 3.7 DISCUSSION -- CHAPTER 4 Randomization and Blinding -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 RANDOMIZATION MODELS -- 4.2.1 Population Model -- 4.2.2 Invoked Population Model -- 4.2.3 Randomization Model -- 4.2.4 Stratification -- 4.3 RANDOMIZATION METHODS -- 4.3.1 Complete Randomization -- 4.3.2 Permuted-Block Randomization -- 4.3.3 Adaptive Randomization -- 4.4 IMPLEMENTATION OF RANDOMIZATION -- 4.4.1 Generation, Labeling, and Packaging -- 4.4.2 Random Assignment -- 4.5 GENERALIZATION OF CONTROLLED RANDOMIZED TRIALS -- 4.6 BLINDING -- 4.7 DISCUSSION -- PART II Designs and Their Classifications -- CHAPTER 5 Designs for Clinical Trials -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 PARALLEL GROUP DESIGNS -- 5.2.1 Run-in Periods -- 5.2.2 Examples of Parallel Group Design in Clinical Trials -- 5.3 CLUSTERED RANDOMIZED DESIGNS -- 5.4 CROSSOVER DESIGNS -- 5.4.1 Higher-Order Crossover Designs -- 5.4.2 Williams Designs -- 5.4.3 Balanced Incomplete Block Design -- 5.4.4 Examples of Crossover Design in Clinical Trials -- 5.5 TITRATION DESIGNS -- 5.5.1 Standard Titration Design -- 5.5.2 Forced Dose-Escalation Design -- 5.6 ENRICHMENT DESIGNS -- 5.7 GROUP SEQUENTIAL DESIGNS -- 5.8 PLACEBO-CHALLENGING DESIGNS -- 5.8.1 Statistical Model and Inferences -- 5.9 BLINDED READER DESIGNS -- 5.10 DISCUSSION -- CHAPTER 6 Designs for Cancer Clinical Trials -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PHASE ICANCER CLINICAL TRIALS -- 6.3 SINGLE-STAGE UP-AND-DOWN PHASE I DESIGNS.; 6.3.1 Design A-Standard Dose-Escalation Design -- 6.3.2 Design B -- 6.3.3 Design D -- 6.4 TWO-STAGE UP-AND-DOWN PHASE I DESIGNS -- 6.4.1 Design BD -- 6.4.2 Accelerated Titration Designs -- 6.5 CONTINUAL REASSESSMENT METHOD PHASE I DESIGNS -- 6.6 OPTIMAL AND FLEXIBLE MULTIPLE-STAGE DESIGNS -- 6.6.1 Single-Arm Trials -- 6.6.2 Multiple-Arm Trials -- 6.7 RANDOMIZED PHASE II DESIGNS -- 6.8 DISCUSSION -- CHAPTER 7 Classification of Clinical Trials -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 MULTICENTER TRIALS -- 7.2.1 Treatment-by-Center Interaction -- 7.2.2 Practical Issues -- 7.3 SUPERIORITY TRIALS -- 7.4 ACTIVE CONTROL AND EQUIVALENCE/NONINFERIORITY TRIALS -- 7.4.1 Primary Objectives -- 7.4.2 Issues in Active Control ; Equivalence Trials -- 7.4.3 Interpretation of the Results of Active Control Trials -- 7.4.4 Equivalence/Noninferiority Limits -- 7.4.5 Statistical Methods -- 7.5 DOSE-RESPONSE TRIALS -- 7.5.1 Randomized Parallel Dose-Response Designs -- 7.5.2 Crossover Dose-Response Design -- 7.5.3 Forced Titration (Dose-Escalation) Design -- 7.5.4 Optional Titration Design (Placebo-Controlled Titration to Endpoint) -- 7.6 COMBINATION TRIALS -- 7.6.1 Fixed-Combination Prescription Drugs -- 7.6.2 Multilevel Factorial Design -- 7.6.3 Global Superiority of Combination Drugs -- 7.6.4 Method of Response Surface -- 7.7 BRIDGING STUDIES AND GLOBAL TRIALS -- 7.7.1 Introduction -- 7.7.2 Ethnic Sensitivity and Necessity of Bridging Studies -- 7.7.3 Types of Bridging Studies -- 7.7.4 Assessment of Similarity Based on Bridging Evidence -- 7.8 VACCINE CLINICAL TRIALS -- 7.8.1 Basic Design and Statistical Considerations -- 7.8.2 Types of Vaccine Immunogenicity Trials -- 7.8.3 Statistical Methods -- 7.9 QT STUDIES -- 7.9.1 Study Designs and Models -- 7.9.2 Power and Sample Size Calculation -- 7.9.3 Allocation Optimization -- 7.9.4 Remarks -- 7.10 DISCUSSION.; PART III Analysis of Clinical Data -- CHAPTER 8 Analysis of Continuous Data -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 ESTIMATION -- 8.3 TEST STATISTICS -- 8.3.1 Paired t Test -- 8.3.2 Two-Sample t Test -- 8.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE -- 8.4.1 One-Way Classification -- 8.4.2 Simultaneous Confidence Intervals -- 8.4.3 Two-Way Classification -- 8.5 ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE -- 8.6 NONPARAMETRIC METHODS -- 8.6.1 Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test -- 8.6.2 Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test -- 8.6.3 Kruskal-Wallis Test -- 8.7 REPEATED MEASURES -- 8.7.1 Assessment of Overall Average Effect Across Time -- 8.7.2 Detection of Time Effect -- 8.7.3 Treatment-by-Time Interaction -- 8.7.4 Method of Generalized Estimating Equations (GEEs) -- 8.8 DISCUSSION -- CHAPTER 9 Analysis of Categorical Data -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 STATISTICAL INFERENCE FOR ONE SAMPLE -- 9.3 INFERENCE OF INDEPENDENT SAMPLES -- 9.4 ORDERED CATEGORICAL DATA -- 9.5 COMBINING CATEGORICAL DATA -- 9.6 MODEL-BASED METHODS -- 9.7 REPEATED CATEGORICAL DATA -- 9.8 DISCUSSION -- CHAPTER 10 Censored Data and Interim Analysis -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 ESTIMATION OF THE SURVIVAL FUNCTION -- 10.3 COMPARISON BETWEEN SURVIVAL FUNCTIONS -- 10.4 COX'S PROPORTIONAL HAZARD MODEL -- 10.5 CALENDAR TIME AND INFORMATION TIME -- 10.6 GROUP SEQUENTIAL METHODS -- 10.7 DISCUSSION -- CHAPTER 11 Sample Size Determination -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION -- 11.2 BASIC CONCEPT -- 11.2.1 Study Objectives and Hypotheses -- 11.2.2 Type I and Type II Errors -- 11.2.3 Precision Analysis -- 11.2.4 Power Analysis -- 11.3 TWO SAMPLES -- 11.3.1 One-Sample Test for Mean -- 11.3.2 Two-Sample Test for Comparing Means -- 11.4 MULTIPLE SAMPLES -- 11.4.1 Sample Size Calculations for Analysis of Variance Models -- 11.4.2 Sample Size Calculations for Generalized Linear Models -- 11.5 CENSORED DATA -- 11.6 DOSE-RESPONSE STUDIES -- 11.6.1 Dose-Response Relationship.; 11.6.2 Minimum Effective Dose -- 11.7 CROSSOVER DESIGNS -- 11.7.1 Point Hypotheses for Equality -- 11.7.2 Interval Hypotheses for Equivalence -- 11.7.3 Higher-Order Crossover Designs -- 11.8 EQUIVALENCE AND NONINFERIORITY TRIALS -- 11.8.1 Independent Binary Endpoints -- 11.8.2 Paired Binary Endpoints -- 11.8.3 Independent Censored Endpoints -- 11.9 MULTIPLE-STAGE DESIGN IN CANCER TRIALS -- 11.10 MULTINATIONAL TRIALS -- 11.10.1 Selection of the Number of Sites -- 11.10.2 Sample Size Calculation and Allocation -- 11.11 COMPARING VARIABILITIES -- 11.11.1 Comparing Intrasubject Variabilities -- 11.11.2 Comparing Intersubject ; Variabilities -- 11.12 DISCUSSION -- PART IV Issues in Evaluation -- CHAPTER 12 Issues in Efficacy Evaluation -- 12.1 INTRODUCTION -- 12.2 BASELINE COMPARISON -- 12.3 INTENTION-TO-TREAT PRINCIPLE AND EFFICACY ANALYSIS -- 12.4 ADJUSTMENT FOR COVARIATES -- 12.5 MULTICENTER TRIALS -- 12.6 MULTIPLICITY -- 12.6.1 Multiple Comparisons -- 12.6.2 Multiple Endpoints -- 12.6.3 Subgroup Analysis -- 12.7 DATA MONITORING -- 12.7.1 Definition and Objectives -- 12.7.2 Regulatory Concerns -- 12.7.3 Early and Late Stages of Drug Development -- 12.7.4 Administrative Interim Analyses -- 12.7.5 Data Monitoring Committee -- 12.8 USE OF GENETIC INFORMATION FOR EVALUATION OF EFFICACY -- 12.9 SAMPLE SIZE REESTIMATION -- 12.10 DISCUSSION -- CHAPTER 13 Safety Assessment -- 13.1 INTRODUCTION -- 13.2 EXTENT OF EXPOSURE -- 13.2.1 Risk of Exposure -- 13.2.2 Absorbing Events -- 13.2.3 Recurring Events with Negligible Duration -- 13.2.4 Recurring Events with Nonnegligible Duration -- 13.2.5 Laboratory Data -- 13.3 CODING OF ADVERSE EVENTS -- 13.3.1 Definitions of Adverse Events -- 13.3.2 COSTART -- 13.3.3 MedDRA -- 13.3.4 Common Toxicity Criteria -- 13.4 ANALYSIS OF ADVERSE EVENTS -- 13.4.1 Adverse Event Data Listing -- 13.4.2 Summary Tables of Adverse Events.; 13.4.3 Graphical Presentation.
• Sommario/riassunto: Praise for the Second Edition: "...a grand feast for biostatisticians. It stands ready to satisfy the appetite of any pharmaceutical scientist with a respectable statistical appetite." -Journal of Clinical Research Best Practices The Third Edition of Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials provides complete, comprehensive, and expanded coverage of recent health treatments and interventions. Featuring a unified presentation, the book provides a well-balanced summary of current regulatory requirements and recently developed statistical methods as well as an overview of the various designs and analyses that are utilized at different stages of clinical research and development. Additional features of this Third Edition include: • New chapters on biomarker development and target clinical trials, adaptive design, trials for evaluating diagnostic devices, statistical methods for translational medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine • A balanced overview of current and emerging clinical issues as well as newly developed statistical methodologies • Practical examples of clinical trials that demonstrate everyday applicability, with illustrations and examples to explain key concepts • New sections on bridging studies and global trials, QT studies, multinational trials, comparative effectiveness trials, and the analysis of QT/QTc prolongation • A complete and balanced presentation of clinical and scientific issues, statistical concepts, and methodologies for bridging clinical and statistical disciplines • An update of each chapter that reflects changes in regulatory requirements for the drug review and approval process and recent developments in statistical design and methodology for clinical research and development Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials, Third Edition continues to be an ideal clinical research reference for academic, pharmaceutical, medical, and regulatory scientists/researchers, statisticians, and graduate-level students.