Changing numbers, changing needs : American Indian demography and public health / / Gary D. Sandefur, Ronald R. Rindfuss, and Barney Cohen, editors

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911147248903321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1996
• ISBN: 9786610191994; 9780309175296; 0309175291; 9781280191992; 1280191996; 9780309553186; 0309553180; 9780585032467; 0585032467
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (326 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): SandefurGary D. <1951->; RindfussRonald R. <1946->; CohenBarney <1959->
• Disciplina: 362.1/08997
• Soggetti: Urban Indigenous peoples - North America - Population; Indians of North America - Health and hygiene; Indians of North America - Economic conditions; Indians of North America - Medical care
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: "Committee on Population, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council."
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Changing Numbers, Changing Needs -- Copyright -- Contributors -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- QUESTIONS AND ISSUES -- MAJOR FINDINGS -- What Are the Major Population and Health Trends? -- How Do We Identify, Enumerate, and Sample the Population? -- How Are American Indians Faring Economically and Socially? -- What Are Some Major Health Problems Facing American Indians? -- Are American Indians Receiving Adequate Healthcare? -- IMPLICATIONS FOR ; HEALTHCARE AND OTHER POLICIES -- QUESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- References -- I Overview of Demographic and Health Conditions -- 2 The Size and Distribution of the American Indian Population: Fertility, Mortality, Migration, and Residence -- REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE -- Fertility -- Mortality -- Migration -- SOME OBSERVATIONS ABOUT THE DATA -- Fertility and Mortality Data -- Migration Data -- FERTILITY -- Age at First Birth -- Children Ever Born -- Tribal Differences in Children Ever Born -- Residential Differences in Children Ever Born -- MORTALITY -- Summary Measures of Mortality -- Infant Mortality -- Leading Causes of Death -- POPULATION DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATION -- Regional Distribution -- Place of Residence: Urban and Rural Population -- Place of Residence: Reservation Populations -- Migration -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- References -- 3 Recent Health Trends In The Native American Population -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES -- OVERALL TRENDS -- RELATIVE RISKS -- REGIONAL VARIATIONS -- HEALTH DETERMINANTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- II Identification: Indications and Consequences -- 4 The Growing American Indian Population, 1960-1990: Beyond Demography -- INTRODUCTION -- Data Collection Methods -- Overview of the Chapter -- NATIONAL DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS -- Population Size and Growth Rate -- Error of Closure -- SOURCES OF NONDEMOGRAPHIC INCREASE -- Ancestry and Race.; Age Patterns of Increase -- Birth Statistics -- GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION -- Errors of Closure for States -- Births and Deaths -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 5 Tribal Membership Requirements and the Demography of "Old" and "New" Native Americans -- INTRODUCTION -- OLD" AND "NEW" NATIVE AMERICANS -- TRIBAL MEMBERSHIP REQUIREMENTS -- IMPLICATIONS OF URBANIZATION AND INTERMARRIAGE -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 6 Problems in Sampling the Native American and Alaska Native Populations -- INTRODUCTION -- TWO EXAMPLES OF SURVEYS OF THE NATIVE AMERICAN POPULATION -- PROBLEMS OF DEFINITION -- THE PROBLEM OF CULTURAL SUBGROUPS -- A SAMPLING STRATEGY -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- III Social and Economic Conditions -- 7 The Individual Economic Well-Being of Native American Men and Women During the 1980s: A Decade of Moving Backwards -- INTRODUCTION -- A SIMPLE METHOD OF ANALYSIS AND DATA PRESENTATION -- ANNUAL INCOME, ANNUAL EARNINGS, ANNUAL HOURS WORKED, AND HOURLY EARNINGS -- THE INCOME EQUATION -- EQUATIONS FOR HOURLY EARNINGS AND ANNUAL HOURS WORKED -- PULLING THE THREADS TOGETHER -- CONCLUDING COMMENTS -- References -- 8 American Indian Poverty on Reservations, 1969-1989 -- INTRODUCTION -- DATA -- DESCRIPTIVE RESULTS -- Comparisons of Poverty Rates -- Comparisons of Income -- DISCUSSION -- Spatial Variations in Income and Poverty -- Business Cycle Factors -- Migration and Changes in Self-identification -- Possible Demographic Explanations -- Possible Political Explanations -- Changes in Federal Expenditures -- Increases in Wage Inequality -- Changes in Gambling and Casinos as a Possible Explanation -- MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS -- CONCLUSION -- References -- 9 The Demography of American Indian Families -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS OF CENSUS DATA FOR UNDERSTANDING AMERICAN INDIAN FAMILIES -- GROUPS WITHIN THE AMERICAN INDIAN POPULATION.; SELECTED FEATURES OF AMERICAN INDIAN FAMILIES -- Children Living with Two Parents -- Possible Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Single-Parent Families -- Women Who Have Never Married -- Divorce -- Interracial Marriage -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ; REFERENCES -- 10 Demography of American Indian Elders: Social, Economic, and Health Status -- INTRODUCTION -- MARITAL STATUS AND HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION -- ECONOMIC STATUS -- Poverty -- Sources of Income -- SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION -- MORTALITY AND DISABILITY -- Life Expectancy at Birth -- Comparative Mortality Rates -- Trends in Mortality: 1977-1988 -- Disability Status -- DISCUSSION -- References -- IV Health Issues and Health Care Access and Utilization -- 11 Overview of Alcohol Abuse Epidemiology for American Indian Populations -- STEREOTYPES OF INDIAN DRINKING -- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INDIAN YOUTH SUBSTANCE ABUSE FROM SURVEYS -- ADULT ALCOHOL ABUSE SURVEYS -- Patterns of Heavy Use -- Less-Problematic Patterns -- LONGITUDINAL FOLLOW-UP STUDIES OF ADULT INDIAN DRINKERS -- CURRENT DATA ON ALCOHOL-INVOLVED MORTALITY -- Mortality Rates -- Male And Female Alcohol-Involved Deaths As A Percentage Of All Deaths -- Age-Adjusted Rates -- Alcohol-Related Versus Alcohol-Specific Mortality -- Explanations of Tribal Variations in Rates -- FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME -- PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL PROBLEMS -- Primary Prevention -- Secondary Prevention -- Tertiary Prevention -- SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- References -- 12 Diabetes Mellitus in Native Americans: The Problem and Its Implications -- INTRODUCTION -- PIMA INDIAN STUDY -- MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM OF NIDDM IN NATIVE AMERICANS -- Prevalence -- Incidence -- DETERMINANTS OF NIDDM -- Genetic Factors -- Environmental Factors -- Obesity -- Diet -- Physical Activity -- COMPLICATIONS OF NIDDM -- Mortality -- End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).; Lower-Extremity Amputation (LEA) -- POTENTIAL FOR PREVENTION -- Prevention of NIDDM -- High-Risk Strategy -- Population Strategy -- Potential Benefit from Prevention -- Prevention of Complications -- Early Detection of NIDDM -- Blood Glucose Control -- Early Detection and Management of Complications -- RESEARCH TO FACILITATE PREVENTION OF NIDDM AND ITS COMPLICATIONS -- Population-based Primary Prevention -- Blood Glucose Control -- Economic Appraisal -- References -- 13 Healthcare Utilization, Expenditures, and Insurance Coverage for American Indians and Alaska Natives Eligible for the… -- INTRODUCTION -- DATA AND METHODS -- Sources of Data -- Definition of Key Variables -- Data Limitations -- FINDINGS -- Characteristics and Healthcare Coverage of the SAIAN Population -- Regular Source of Healthcare -- Use of Healthcare Services -- Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures -- DISCUSSION -- References.
• Sommario/riassunto: The reported population of American Indians and Alaska Natives has grown rapidly over the past 20 years. These changes raise questions for the Indian Health Service and other agencies responsible for serving the American Indian population. How big is the population? What are its health care and insurance needs? This volume presents an up-to-date summary of what is known about the demography of American Indian and Alaska Native population--their age and geographic distributions, household structure, employment, and disability and disease patterns. This information is critical for health care planners who must determine the eligible population for Indian health services and the costs of providing them. The volume will also be of interest to researchers and policymakers concerned about the future characteristics and needs of the American Indian population.

Benchmark Priors Revisited : : On Adaptive Shrinkage and the Supermodel Effect in Bayesian Model Averaging / / Martin Feldkircher, Stefan Zeugner

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911149005703321
• Autore: Feldkircher Martin
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2009
• ISBN: 9786612844096; 9781462344666; 1462344666; 9781451873498; 1451873492; 9781452769233; 1452769230; 9781282844094; 1282844091
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 39 p. : col. ill
• Collana: IMF Working Papers
• Altri autori (Persone): ZeugnerStefan
• Disciplina: 332.015195
• Soggetti: Bayesian statistical decision theory; Economic development - Mathematical models; Bayesian Analysis: General; Bayesian inference; Bayesian models; Computer Programs: General; Data capture & analysis; Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Data Processing; Data processing; Deflation; Econometric models; Econometrics; Electronic data processing; Human Capital; Human capital; Income economics; Inflation; Labor Productivity; Labor; Labour; Macroeconomics; National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures; Occupational Choice; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock; Price Level; Prices; Public finance & taxation; Public Finance; Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP); Public-private sector cooperation; Skills; Econometric analysis; Economic and financial statistics; Expenditure; income economics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: "September 2009."
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- I Introduction -- II Bayesian Model Averaging under Zellner's g Prior -- II. 1 Popular Settings for Zellner's g -- III The Hyper-g Prior: A Beta Prior on the Shrinkage Factor -- IV A Simulation Study -- V Growth Determinants Revisited -- VI Concluding Remarks -- A Technical Appendix -- A. 1 Consistency of the Hyper-g Prior -- A. 2 Relationship between Hyper-g Prior and EBL -- A. 3 The Shrinkage Factor and Goodness-of-Fit -- A. 4 The Posterior Predictive Distribution and the Hyper-g Prior -- A. 5 The Beta-binomial Prior over the Model Space -- A. 6 Charts and Tables -- References -- Footnotes.
• Sommario/riassunto: Default prior choices fixing Zellner's g are predominant in the Bayesian Model Averaging literature, but tend to concentrate posterior mass on a tiny set of models. The paper demonstrates this supermodel effect and proposes to address it by a hyper-g prior, whose data-dependent shrinkage adapts posterior model distributions to data quality. Analytically, existing work on the hyper-g-prior is complemented by posterior expressions essential to fully Bayesian analysis and to sound numerical implementation. A simulation experiment illustrates the implications for posterior inference. Furthermore, an application to determinants of economic growth identifies several covariates whose robustness differs considerably from previous results.