1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9911107705803321

Autore

Yackovlev Irene

Titolo

Cyclical Patterns of Government Expenditures in Sub-Saharan Africa : : Facts and Factors / / Irene Yackovlev, Victor Lledo, Lucie Gadenne

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2009

ISBN

9786612844614

9781462336586

1462336582

9781282844612

128284461X

9781451874198

1451874197

9781452769226

1452769222

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (53 p.)

Collana

IMF Working Papers

Altri autori (Persone)

GadenneLucie

LledoVictor

Disciplina

338.28394

Soggetti

Fiscal policy - Africa, Sub-Saharan

Finance, Public - Africa, Sub-Saharan

Debt Management

Debt

Debts, Public

Expenditure

Expenditures, Public

Finance

Finance: General

Financial risk management

Fiscal Policy

Fiscal policy

Fiscal space

General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation

Macroeconomics

National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General

Procyclicality

Public debt

Public finance & taxation

Public Finance

Sovereign Debt



Africa, Sub-Saharan Economic policy

South Africa

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

"November 2009."

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references.

Nota di contenuto

Cover Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; I. Introduction; 1. Evolution of the fiscal balance in sub-Saharan Africa, current and past cycles; 1. Number of sub-Saharan African countries satisfying various macroeconomic performance and institutional quality criterial by decade; II. Literature Review; III. Empirical Strategy; A. Empirical Model and Identification; B. Data, Measurement, and Specification; IV. Results; A. Key Facts; 2. Cyclical properties of government spending, 1970-2008; 3. Robustness checks, system-GMM estimates and additional controls

4. Cyclical properties of government spending by decade B. Factors; 5. Political factors, impact on procyclicality, 1970-2008; 6. Financing constraints, impact on procyclicality, 1970-2008; 7. Macroeconomic stability and fiscal space, impact on procyclicality, 1970-2008; 8. How can we explain the evolution of procyclicality over time in sub-Saharan Africa?; V. Conclusions and Policy Implications; Appendix; References; Footnotes

Sommario/riassunto

This paper documents cyclical patterns of government expenditures in sub-Saharan Africa since 1970 and explains variation between countries and over time. Controlling for endogeneity, it finds government expenditures to be slightly more procyclical in sub-Saharan Africa than in other developing countries and some evidence that procyclicality in Africa has declined in recent years after a period of sharp increase through the 1990s. Greater fiscal space, proxied by lower external debt, and better access to concessional financing, proxied by larger aid flows, seem to be important factors in diminishing procyclicality in the region. The role of institutions is less clear cut: changes in political institutions have no impact on procyclicality.



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9911135377303321

Autore

Verduyn Christl

Titolo

Must write : Edna Staebler's diaries / / Christi Verduyn, editor

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Waterloo, ON, : Wilfrid Laurier University Press, c2005

ISBN

9786610280889

9781554588114

1554588111

9781280280887

1280280883

9780889209145

0889209146

9781423725114

1423725115

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (313 pages)

Collana

Life Writing.

Altri autori (Persone)

VerduynChristi

Disciplina

818.5403

818/.5403

Soggetti

Authors, Canadian - 20th century

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

CONTENTS; 1 1920's Words to Express; 2 1930's Longing to Make Something; 3 1940's Must Write; 4 "Duelists of the Deep" 1948; 5 "How to Live without Wars and Wedding Rings" 1950; 6 1950's Writing; 7 1960's Must Work; 8 1970's Something to Write About; 9 "Cape Breton Harbour" (excerpt) 1972; 10 "The Great Cookie War" 1987; 11 1980's The Business of Publishing; 12 1990's Must Do; 13 2000 Still Interested and Interesting

Sommario/riassunto

Long before she became the renowned author of the best-selling Schmecks cookbooks, an award-winning journalist for magazines such as Macleans, and a creative non-fiction mentor, Edna Staebler was a writer of a different sort. Staebler began serious diary writing at the age of sixteen and continued to write for over eighty years. Must Write: Edna Staebler's Diaries draws from these diaries selections that map Staebler's construction of herself as a writer and documents her



frustrations and struggles, along with her desire to express herself, in writing. She felt she