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Record Nr. |
UNINA9911105131403321 |
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Titolo |
Bridging the bed-bench gap : contributions of the Markey Trust / / Committee on the Evaluation of the Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust Programs in Biomedical Sciences ; Board on Higher Education and Workforce, Policy and Global Affairs Division, National Research Council of the National Academies |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Washington, D.C., : National Academies Press, c2004 |
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ISBN |
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0-309-16645-4 |
1-280-17663-6 |
9786610176632 |
0-309-52844-5 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (133 p.) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Medicine - Research grants |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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"This study was supported by Contract/Grant No. OSEP-97-M-03-A between the National Academy of Sciences and the Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust."--T.p. verso. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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FrontMatter -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- Introduction -- History of the Markey Trust -- Grant Programs -- Assessing the Markey General Organizational Grants Program -- The Biomedical Research Environment in the 1980s -- Closing the Bed-Bench Gap -- The Current Biomedical Research Environment -- Conclusions and Observations for Philanthropic Funders -- References -- Appendixes -- A Bridge Building Between Medicine and Basic Science -- B The Endangered Physician-Scientist: Opportunities for Revitalization Emerge -- C Workshop on Training Programs in Patient-Oriented Pathobiology for Basic Scientists -- D Workshop on Training Programs in Patient-Oriented Pathobiology for Basic Scientists -- E Descriptions of Programs Participating in the Workshop on Training Programs in Patient-Oriented Pathobiology for Basic Scientists -- F Summary of Site Visits to Markey-Funded Programs That Provided Training in Basic Research to Physicians -- G Biographies of Members of the Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust Programs in Biomedical |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Since the 1970s there has been a serious gap between fundamental biological research and its clinical application. In response to this gap the Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust instituted the General Organizational Grants program, which funded two types of awards to provide training that would bridge the bed-bench gap. These training awards fell into two categories: (1) those that provided significant opportunities for M.D.s to engage in basic research during and immediately following medical school and residency, and (2) those that provided significant clinical exposure for Ph.D.s while they were predoctoral or postdoctoral students. These grants were intended to close the widening gap between rapid advances in our understanding of the biological process and the translation of that knowledge into techniques for preventing diseases. This report examines the General Organizational Grant programs, identifies best practices, and provides observations for future philanthropic funders. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9911148998503321 |
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Autore |
Yackovlev Irene |
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Titolo |
Cyclical Patterns of Government Expenditures in Sub-Saharan Africa : : Facts and Factors / / Irene Yackovlev, Victor Lledo, Lucie Gadenne |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2009 |
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ISBN |
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9786612844614 |
9781462336586 |
1462336582 |
9781282844612 |
128284461X |
9781451874198 |
1451874197 |
9781452769226 |
1452769222 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (53 p.) |
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Collana |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Fiscal policy - Africa, Sub-Saharan |
Finance, Public - Africa, Sub-Saharan |
Debt Management |
Debt |
Debts, Public |
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Expenditure |
Expenditures, Public |
Finance |
Finance: General |
Financial risk management |
Fiscal Policy |
Fiscal policy |
Fiscal space |
General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation |
Macroeconomics |
National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General |
Procyclicality |
Public debt |
Public finance & taxation |
Public Finance |
Sovereign Debt |
Africa, Sub-Saharan Economic policy |
South Africa |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Cover Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; I. Introduction; 1. Evolution of the fiscal balance in sub-Saharan Africa, current and past cycles; 1. Number of sub-Saharan African countries satisfying various macroeconomic performance and institutional quality criterial by decade; II. Literature Review; III. Empirical Strategy; A. Empirical Model and Identification; B. Data, Measurement, and Specification; IV. Results; A. Key Facts; 2. Cyclical properties of government spending, 1970-2008; 3. Robustness checks, system-GMM estimates and additional controls |
4. Cyclical properties of government spending by decade B. Factors; 5. Political factors, impact on procyclicality, 1970-2008; 6. Financing constraints, impact on procyclicality, 1970-2008; 7. Macroeconomic stability and fiscal space, impact on procyclicality, 1970-2008; 8. How can we explain the evolution of procyclicality over time in sub-Saharan Africa?; V. Conclusions and Policy Implications; Appendix; References; Footnotes |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This paper documents cyclical patterns of government expenditures in sub-Saharan Africa since 1970 and explains variation between countries and over time. Controlling for endogeneity, it finds government expenditures to be slightly more procyclical in sub-Saharan Africa than in other developing countries and some evidence that procyclicality in Africa has declined in recent years after a period of sharp increase through the 1990s. Greater fiscal space, proxied by lower external debt, and better access to concessional financing, proxied by larger aid flows, seem to be important factors in diminishing procyclicality in the region. The role of institutions is less clear cut: changes in political institutions have no impact on |
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