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Record Nr. |
UNINA9911066119203321 |
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Autore |
Uusitalo Mikko A |
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Titolo |
6G to Build a Sustainable Future |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2025 |
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©2026 |
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ISBN |
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1-394-36360-5 |
1-394-36358-3 |
1-394-36359-1 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (0 pages) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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6G mobile communication systems |
Sustainable engineering |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Why Do We Need 6G? -- 1.2 Global View on Development Towards 6G -- 1.3 Structure of the Rest of the Book -- Disclaimer -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 2 Value of 6G -- 2.1 Sustainability and Values -- 2.2 Stakeholders in the 6G System -- 2.2.1 6G Use‐Case Business Ecosystem Stakeholders -- 2.2.1.1 Business Ecosystems' Expansion with 6G -- 2.2.1.2 Sustainability Risk Assessment of the 6G Use Cases -- 2.2.1.3 The Envisioned 6G User -- 2.2.1.4 Indirect 6G User Impact -- 2.2.1.5 Customers and Innovators as Stakeholders -- 2.2.1.6 Risk Mitigation -- 2.2.1.7 Building a Resilient 6G -- 2.2.2 Spectrum Ecosystem Stakeholders -- 2.2.3 Public Ecosystem Stakeholders -- 2.3 6G Use‐Case Families and Use Cases -- 2.3.1 Immersive Experience -- 2.3.2 Physical Awareness -- 2.3.3 Digital Twins -- 2.3.4 Fully Connected World -- 2.3.5 Trusted Environments -- 2.3.6 Collaborative Robots -- 2.4 6G Use Case and Value Design | Cooperating Mobile Robots -- 2.4.1 Human and Planetary Goals -- 2.4.2 Problems to Be Solved and Challenges -- 2.4.3 Why 6G Is Needed -- 2.4.4 Example Scenarios -- 2.4.4.1 Cooperative Carrying with Mobile Robots -- 2.4.4.2 Lot‐Size‐1 Production -- 2.4.4.3 Automated Industrial Tasks -- |
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2.4.4.4 Autonomous Farming -- 2.4.4.5 Autonomous Construction Site -- 2.4.4.6 Smart Workshop -- 2.4.5 Deployment Aspects -- 2.4.5.1 Environment -- 2.4.5.2 Type of Deployment -- 2.4.5.3 Users and Devices -- 2.4.5.4 Constraints and Challenges -- 2.4.6 Requirements -- 2.4.7 Key Performance Indicators -- 2.4.8 Key Values and Key Value Indicators -- 2.4.9 Feedback into Technical Design -- 2.5 Business Models -- 2.5.1 Business Modelling for 6G Ecosystem -- 2.5.2 Business Modelling for Cooperating Mobile Robots Use Case -- 2.6 Conclusions. |
Acknowledgement -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 3 Sustainable 6G Platform -- 3.1 Sustainable 6G System: Principles and Requirements -- 3.1.1 Design Principles -- 3.1.2 Requirements -- 3.1.2.1 Functional Requirements -- 3.1.2.2 Non‐functional Requirements -- 3.2 Blueprint of the Sustainable 6G Platform -- 3.2.1 E2E System Architecture -- 3.2.1.1 Infrastructure Layer -- 3.2.1.2 Network Functions Layer -- 3.2.1.3 Application Enablement Platform Layer -- 3.2.1.4 Application Layer -- 3.2.1.5 Pervasive Functionalities -- 3.2.1.6 Multistakeholder Support -- 3.2.2 Design Process of 6G E2E System -- 3.2.2.1 Top‐Down Versus Bottom‐Up System Design -- 3.2.2.2 Enablers Integration in 6G System: A Knowledge Graph‐Based Approach -- 3.3 Multi‐Stakeholder Intent‐Based Service Management -- 3.3.1 End‐to‐End Multi‐DSP Service Management -- 3.3.1.1 Multi‐DSP Aggregation Service Provisioning -- 3.3.1.2 Multi‐DSP Federation Service Provisioning -- 3.3.2 Intent‐Based Digital Service Manager -- 3.3.2.1 Intent‐Based Interfaces -- 3.3.3 Intent‐Based‐Specific Enablers for a Sustainable E2E Service Management -- 3.3.3.1 E2E Intent‐Driven Service Fulfilment Management -- 3.3.3.2 E2E Intent‐Driven Service Evaluation Management -- 3.3.3.3 E2E Intent‐Driven Closed Loop Coordination -- 3.3.3.4 E2E Intent‐Based Trust Management -- 3.4 E2E Security Concepts -- 3.4.1 Security Controls and Security Enablers -- 3.4.1.1 Physical Context Awareness -- 3.4.1.2 Physical Anomaly Detection -- 3.4.1.3 Physical Layer Deception -- 3.4.1.4 Transparency Services and Level of Trust Assessment -- 3.4.1.5 Data‐Intensive E2E Security Management -- 3.4.1.6 DevSecOps -- 3.4.2 E2E 6G Security -- 3.4.2.1 Infrastructure Layer -- 3.4.2.2 Network Functions Layer -- 3.4.2.3 Application Enablement Platform Layer -- 3.4.2.4 Management and Orchestration -- 3.4.2.5 AI Framework. |
3.4.2.6 Data Framework -- 3.4.2.7 Multistakeholder 6G Ecosystem -- 3.4.2.8 Service Exposure and New 6G Services -- 3.5 Conclusion -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 4 6G Transceiver and Radio Design -- 4.1 6G Radio Design Overview -- 4.1.1 6G Radio Scenarios -- 4.1.2 Radio Design Framework -- 4.1.3 Flexible Radio Architecture and Deployment -- 4.2 Transceivers and Antennas -- 4.2.1 Novel Architectures for Transistor‐Based Sub‐THz Systems -- 4.2.1.1 Dimensioning -- 4.2.1.2 Phase Noise Mitigation Utilizing Asymmetrical LO Routing -- 4.2.1.3 Antenna Integration -- 4.2.2 Novel Sub‐THz Transceiver Technologies -- 4.2.2.1 Resonant Tunnelling Diodes -- 4.2.2.2 Photonic Sub‐THz Transceivers -- 4.2.3 RIS Hardware Prototyping and Verification -- 4.3 Channel and Hardware Modelling -- 4.3.1 Short‐Range Measurements and Channel Models in Industrial Scenarios -- 4.3.1.1 Delay Spread Analysis -- 4.3.1.2 Path‐Loss Analysis -- 4.3.1.3 Analysis of the Rician K‐Factor -- 4.3.2 Macroscopic Channel Modelling for RIS -- 4.3.2.1 Fully Ray‐Based Macroscopic Modelling -- 4.3.3 Modelling of Sub‐THz Channel Dispersion in the Presence of Beamforming -- 4.3.4 Modelling of Hardware Non‐Idealities -- 4.3.4.1 Sub‐THz Non‐Idealities Modelling -- 4.3.4.2 FR3 Power Amplifier Modelling -- 4.4 MIMO Architectures and Transmission Schemes -- 4.4.1 Hybrid Architectures Exploiting 'Over‐ |
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the‐Air' EM Signal Processing -- 4.4.2 Near‐Field Wavefront Engineering for Integrated Sensing and Communication -- 4.4.2.1 RIS‐Aided Wavefront Engineering -- 4.4.2.2 Near‐Field Angle‐Range Localization for ISAC -- 4.4.3 Massive MIMO with Low‐Resolution Data Converters -- 4.4.4 D‐MIMO and RIS -- 4.4.4.1 Centralized Versus Distributed Beamforming Design in D‐MIMO -- 4.4.4.2 ISAC D‐MIMO, Scalable D‐MIMO -- 4.4.4.3 RIS‐Assisted D‐MIMO, RIS‐Assisted IAB -- 4.5 6G Devices and Infrastructure. |
4.5.1 Future Directions for IoT Devices -- 4.5.1.1 Energy Neutral Devices -- 4.5.1.2 Enhanced LPWA -- 4.5.1.3 Intelligence with TinyML -- 4.5.1.4 Security and Privacy Enhancements -- 4.5.2 Secure Integration of SoC Accelerators -- 4.5.2.1 Secure SoC Architecture with Accelerator Integration Support -- 4.5.2.2 AI and DSP Accelerator Capabilities -- 4.5.3 Energy Neutral Device Design -- 4.5.3.1 Energy Harvesting -- 4.5.3.2 Protocols for Active Energy Neutral Devices -- 4.5.3.3 Passive Energy Neutral Devices -- 4.6 Conclusions -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 5 Architecture Enablers for 6G -- 5.1 Novel Services -- 5.1.1 Sensing Functional Architecture -- 5.1.2 Compute Offloading -- 5.1.3 AI as a Service -- 5.1.4 Consumer Application Function Placement Optimization -- 5.2 6G Cloud‐Native Architecture -- 5.2.1 Modular Network Architecture for 6G -- 5.2.2 Inter‐module Interactions and Interfaces -- 5.2.3 Integration of Extreme Edge -- 5.3 Flexible Networks -- 5.3.1 Subnetworks -- 5.3.2 Multi‐connectivity -- 5.3.3 5G-6G Spectrum Co‐existence: Multi‐RAT Spectrum Sharing -- 5.4 Non‐terrestrial Networks -- 5.4.1 Rationale for NTN in 6G -- 5.4.2 NTN Deployment Scenarios -- 5.4.2.1 Frequency Band of the Service Link -- 5.4.2.2 Radio Cells -- 5.4.3 Impact on 6G System Architecture -- 5.4.4 Support of NTN‐TN Integration -- 5.4.4.1 Ubiquitous Connectivity -- 5.4.4.2 Resiliency -- 5.4.4.3 Network Energy Efficiency/Sustainability -- 5.4.4.4 Spectrum Usage Efficiency -- 5.4.5 On‐Board Edge Capabilities -- 5.5 Dependable Networking -- 5.5.1 Enablers for Dependable Networking -- 5.5.1.1 Performance Observability and Predictability -- 5.5.1.2 Dependable Edge Cloud Integration -- 5.5.1.3 Packet Delay Correction for Deterministic Delay Performance -- 5.5.1.4 Network Programmability and Communication-Control-Compute Co‐design. |
5.5.1.5 Bringing Dependability to the Multi‐domain Multi‐technology Data Plane -- 5.5.2 Architecture Support for Dependable End‐to‐End Communication with 6G -- 5.6 Radio Protocols -- 5.6.1 Radio Control Plane -- 5.6.2 Radio User Plane -- 5.6.3 Mobility Procedures -- 5.6.4 App‐Network Interactions for Service Differentiation and QoS/QoE Management -- 5.7 Quantum‐Enhanced Network Functionalities -- 5.8 Conclusions -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 6 6G Intelligence -- 6.1 The Motivations for AI/ML in 6G -- 6.1.1 The Needs for Data‐Driven Architecture -- 6.1.2 The Needs for AI/ML for Physical Layer Signal Processing -- 6.1.3 The Needs for AI‐Driven Management and Orchestration -- 6.1.4 The Needs for Trustworthy AI/ML and AI/ML for 6G Trustworthiness -- 6.2 6G System Blueprint: AI/ML‐Specific View -- 6.3 AI‐Native Architecture -- 6.3.1 DataOps -- 6.3.2 MLOps -- 6.3.3 AI as a Service -- 6.4 AI‐Driven Radio Air Interface -- 6.4.1 AI‐Driven Methods for Hardware Impairment Compensation for Communication -- 6.4.2 End‐to‐End Optimized Physical Layer Using AI/ML Algorithms -- 6.4.3 Model‐Based Learning for Hardware Impairment Compensation in ISAC -- 6.4.4 Data‐Driven Sensing with Wireless Signals -- 6.5 Smart Network Management -- 6.5.1 AI‐Based Solutions for Resource Allocation -- 6.5.2 Network Digital Twins -- 6.5.3 Multi‐agent‐Based Solutions for Distributed Services Orchestration -- 6.5.4 AI‐Enabled Network Management -- |
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6.5.5 Causal AI for Intent‐Based Management -- 6.6 AI/ML and Trustworthiness for 6G -- 6.6.1 AI/ML for Trustworthiness -- 6.6.2 Trustworthy AI/ML for 6G -- 6.7 An Overview of AI/ML Standardizations -- 6.7.1 AI/ML Standardization in 3GPP SA2 -- 6.7.2 AI/ML Standardization in 3GPP SA5 -- 6.7.3 AI/ML Standardization in 3GPP SA6 -- 6.7.4 AI/ML Standardization for Air Interface in 3GPP RAN1/RAN2. |
6.7.5 AI/ML Standardization for Air Interface in O‐RAN. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Insights on designing a sustainable 6G system as a multi-functional platform that delivers services beyond communication 6G to Build a Sustainable Future provides a summary of the research conducted in the European 6G Flagship project Hexa-X-II towards the sixth generation (6G) mobile networks, with additional input from other smart networks and. |
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