Hybridity -- 2. Economic Ethnogenesis: The Fur Trade and Métissage in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries -- Part II: The Genesis and Development of the Idea of the Métis Nation to the 1930s -- Introduction -- 3. Fur Trade Wars, the Battle of Seven Oaks, and the Idea of the Métis Nation, 1811-1849 -- 4. Louis Riel and the Religion of Métis Nationalism, 1869-1885 -- 5. L'Union nationale métisse Saint-Joseph, A.-H. de Trémaudan, and the Re-imagining of the Métis Nation, 1910 to the 1930s -- Part III: Government Policy and the Invention of Métis Status in the Nineteenth Century -- 6. The Manitoba Act and the Creation of a Métis Status -- 7. Extinguishing Rights and Inventing Categories: Métis Scrip as Policy and Self-Ascription -- 8. Indian Treaty versus Métis Scrip: The Permeability of Status Categories and Ethnicities -- 9. The United States / Canada Border and the Bifurcation of the Plains Métis, 1870-1900 -- Part IV: Economic Marginalization and the Métis Political Response, 1896 to the 1960s -- Introduction -- 10. St Paul des Métis Colony, 1896-1909: Identity as Pathology -- 11. Political Mobilization in Alberta and the Métis Population Betterment Act of 1938 -- 12. The Liberals, the CCF, and the Métis of Saskatchewan, 1935-1964 -- 13. Social Science and the Métis, 1950-1970 -- Part V: Politics, the Courts, and the Constitution: Reformulating Métis Identities since the 1960s -- 14. A Renewed Political Awareness, 1965-2000 -- 15. Reformulated Identities, 1965-2013 -- 16. The Métis of Ontario -- 17. Organizational Politics, Land Claims, and the Métis of the Northwest Territories -- 18. Ethnic Symbolism: Reinterpreting and Recreating the Past -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index |