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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910974677703321 |
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Autore |
Muller Cornelia <1960-> |
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Titolo |
Metaphors dead and alive, sleeping and waking : a dynamic view / / Cornelia Muller |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Chicago, : University of Chicago Press, 2008 |
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ISBN |
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9786612426742 |
9781282426740 |
1282426745 |
9780226548265 |
0226548260 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (293 p.) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and indexes. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- Typographical Conventions for Transcripts -- Introduction -- 1. Metaphors and Cognitive Activity: A Dynamic View -- 2. Metaphors in Thought and Language: Fundamental Issues -- 3. Realms of Metaphors: Activation in Language Use -- 4. The Core of Metaphors: The Establishment of a Triadic Structure -- 5. Mixed Metaphors: Selective Activation of Meaning -- 6. Sleeping and Waking Metaphors: Degrees of Metaphoricity -- 7. The Refutation of the Dead versus Alive Distinction: A New Approach and Some of Its Implications -- Lieb's Sources -- Appendix -- Notes -- References -- Name Index -- Subject Index |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Traditional thinking on metaphors has divided them into two camps: dead and alive. Conventional expressions from everyday language are classified as dead, while much rarer novel or poetic metaphors are alive. In the 1980's, new theories on the cognitive processes involved with the use of metaphor challenged these assumptions, but with little empirical support. Drawing on the latest research in linguistics, semiotics, philosophy, and psychology, Cornelia Müller here unveils a new approach that refutes the rigid dead/alive dichotomy, offering in |
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its place a more dynamic model: sleeping and waking. To build this model, Müller presents an overview of notions of metaphor from the classical period to the present; studies in detail how metaphors function in speech, text, gesture, and images; and examines the way mixed metaphors sometimes make sense and sometimes do not. This analysis leads her to conclude that metaphors may oscillate between various degrees of sleeping and waking as their status changes depending on context and intention. Bridging the gap between conceptual metaphor theory and more traditional linguistic theories, this book is a major advance for the field and will be vital to novices and initiates alike. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9911034867203321 |
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Autore |
Sharon Madhuri |
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Titolo |
Risk, Safety, and Ethical Concerns in Nanotechnology |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2026 |
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©2025 |
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ISBN |
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1-119-64072-5 |
1-119-64069-5 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (329 pages) |
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Collana |
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Advances in Nanotechnology and Applications Series |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Nanotechnology - Moral and ethical aspects |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Cover -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright page -- Dedication Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Prologue -- Part I: Nanotechnology and Risks -- Chapter 1 Understanding Nanoparticles and Their Probable Risks -- 1.1 What is Nanotechnology? -- 1.2 Unique Properties of Nanoparticles that Differentiate Them from Their Bulk Counterpart -- 1.2.1 Magnetic Properties -- 1.2.2 Electrical Properties -- 1.2.3 Thermal Properties -- 1.2.4 Mechanical Properties -- 1.2.5 Chemical/Catalytic Properties -- 1.2.6 Optical Property -- 1.3 Fabrication of Nanoparticles -- 1.4 Uses of Nanoparticles in Consumer Products -- 1.5 Potential Risks Due to Harmful Effects of Nanoparticles |
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-- 1.5.1 Risk Due to Interaction of Nanoparticles with Living Organisms -- 1.5.2 Short- and Long-Term Risks -- 1.6 Need for Measurement of Exposure to Nanoparticles -- 1.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Nanotechnology, Nanoparticles, and Living Systems -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Need for Nanotechnology in the Present-Day Scenario Cannot be Ignored -- 2.2.1 Increased Demand for Nanomaterial -- 2.2.2 Cheap and Clean Energy -- 2.2.2.1 Batteries -- 2.2.2.2 Fuel Cell -- 2.2.2.3 Wind Energy -- 2.2.2.4 Hydrogen Energy -- 2.2.3 Food Industry -- 2.2.3.1 Food Packaging Applications -- 2.2.3.2 Food Processing Applications -- 2.2.4 Defense Sector -- 2.2.4.1 Nano Armor -- 2.2.4.2 Nano for Faster and Intensive Medical Help -- 2.2.4.3 Nanotechnology-Based Weapons -- 2.2.4.4 Lighter and Faster Aircraft -- 2.2.4.5 Nanotechnology for Vehicles -- 2.2.4.6 Radar-Absorbing Material (RAM) -- 2.2.4.7 Portable Energy/Power -- 2.2.4.8 Nanotechnology for Satellites -- 2.2.4.9 Nanotechnology for Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Warfare -- 2.2.5 Medical/Healthcare -- 2.2.5.1 Application in Drug Delivery -- 2.2.5.2 Nanodiagnostics Application -- 2.2.5.3 Application in Surgery. |
2.2.5.4 Application in Medical Robotics -- 2.2.6 Nanotechnology in Agriculture -- 2.2.6.1 Precision Farming -- 2.3 Interdependence and Interaction between Various Living Systems -- 2.3.1 Life-Cycle and Exposure Challenges -- 2.4 Concerns of Nanoparticle Properties Impacting Interaction with Living System -- 2.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3 Methodologies for Assessing Risks Associated with Human Health and the Environment by Nanotechnology-Based Products -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Workplace Exposure to Effects of Engineered Nanoparticles -- 3.3 Effects of Engineered Nanoparticles on Animals, Plants and Environment -- 3.4 Traditional Methods of Risk Assessment of Chemicals -- 3.4.1 What is PM 2.5? -- 3.4.2 Parameters and Concerns for Formulating Methods for Risk Assessment -- 3.4.3 Challenges Related to the Traditional Industrial Hygiene Approach -- 3.4.4 Traditional Instruments for Assessing Exposure -- 3.5 Methods for Risk Assessment of Nanoparticle -- 3.5.1 Control Banding to Analyze and Prioritize Risks from Nanomaterials -- 3.5.2 How to Measure and Assess Exposure to Nanoparticles -- 3.5.2.1 Measurement of Airborne or Gaseous Nanoparticles -- 3.5.2.2 Assessment of Nanoparticles in Liquid -- 3.5.3 Methods Used to Assess the Risk Due to Nanoparticles -- 3.6 Are Sufficient Methods Being Used to Assess the Risk from Nanoparticles? -- 3.6.1 Considerations to Assess Risks that Should be Taken into Account -- 3.6.2 Exposure Factors Required to be Specified for Risk Assessment Methodologies -- 3.6.3 How to Improve the Risk Assessment of Nanoparticles? -- 3.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Human Health Risks Due to Inhaled Nanoparticles -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Sources of Nanoparticles -- 4.1.1.1 Natural Sources of Nanoparticles that we Cannot Avoid -- 4.1.1.2 Anthropogenic Sources of NPs that Need Careful Management. |
4.2 Inhalation Routes of NPs from Nose and Lungs to Other Organs of Human Body -- 4.2.1 Translocation of NPs to Different Sites of the Body -- 4.3 Cytotoxicological Considerations -- 4.3.1 Cellular Response -- 4.3.1.1 Oxidative Stress -- 4.3.1.2 Inflammation -- 4.3.1.3 Genotoxicity -- 4.3.1.4 Tumorigenicity -- 4.4 Known Hazardous Impact of Inhaled Nanoparticles on Human Health -- 4.4.1 The Respiratory Tract: Portal of Entry for NPs into the Human Body -- 4.4.2 Blood Circulation System: A Trojan Horse for Inhaled Nanoparticles -- 4.4.3 Cardiovascular System Leading to Cardiopulmonary Disease -- 4.4.4 Digestive System: Can it Digest Nanoparticles? -- 4.4.5 Kidneys: Can They Flux Out All NPs -- 4.4.6 |
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Central Nervous System and Brain without an NP Barrier -- 4.4.7 Nanotoxicity against Reproductive System Organs -- 4.4.8 Hormone or Endocrine System Nanotoxicity -- 4.4.9 Cancer: Are Nanoparticles Friends or Foes? -- 4.5 Lung Bioassay Methodologies for Assessing Hazards after Exposures to Nanoscale or Fine Particulates -- 4.6 Strengths and Weaknesses of Risk Assessment -- 4.7 Concluding Remarks -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5 Dermal Entry Route of NPs into the Human Body: A Risk? -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Dermal Entry Route of Nanoparticles -- 5.2.1 Pathways for Skin Absorption of Nanoparticles -- 5.2.1.1 Stratum Corneum (SC) -- 5.2.1.2 Skin Appendages -- 5.2.1.3 Interaction and Impact of Dermally Absorbed Nanoparticles with Biomolecules -- 5.3 Health Hazards of Dermal Exposure to NPs -- 5.4 Risk Handling and Evaluation of Dermal Exposure Hazards -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Different Exposure Scenarios and Nanotoxicological Information -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Exposure Scenario to NPs -- 6.3 Nanoparticle Exposure and Biokinetic Pathways -- 6.3.1 Biokinetic Pathway of NPs via Inhalation -- 6.3.2 Biokinetic Pathway of Injected NPs. |
6.3.3 Biokinetics Pathway of Dermal Exposure to NPs -- 6.4 Nanotoxicity and Potential Mechanism -- 6.4.1 Size and Size Distribution of NPs -- 6.4.2 Morphology of NPs -- 6.4.3 Surface Properties Such as Surface Area (SA) and Mass Ratio (MR) -- 6.4.4 Chemical Composition and Surface Characteristics of NPs -- 6.4.5 Insolubility or Low Water Solubility of NPs -- 6.4.6 Agglomeration/Aggregation of NPs -- 6.5 Assessment of Toxicity of Nanoparticles -- 6.5.1 In-Vitro Toxicity Assay Method -- 6.5.2 In-Vivo Toxicity Assay Method -- 6.5.2.1 Histopathological Analysis -- 6.5.2.2 Blood Chemistry Analysis -- 6.5.2.3 Immunotoxicity Assessment -- 6.5.2.4 Genotoxicity Testing -- 6.5.2.5 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Studies -- 6.5.2.6 Organ-Specific Toxicity Assessment -- 6.5.2.7 Long-Term Exposure Studies -- 6.5.2.8 Behavioral Studies -- 6.5.2.9 Metabolomics and Proteomics -- 6.6 Risk Management of NPS -- 6.6.1 Identification of Hazards Caused by Nanomaterials -- 6.6.2 Guidance on Available Methods for Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials -- 6.6.3 (Q)SAR Models for Regulatory Assessment of Nanomaterial Risks -- 6.6.4 Can AI Help in Risk Management of NPs -- 6.6.4.1 Analyzing Data and Predictive Modeling -- 6.6.4.2 Toxicity Prediction -- 6.6.4.3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) -- 6.6.4.4 Regulatory Compliance -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Assessment of Risks Due to Nanoparticles in the Ecosystem -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Airborne Nanoparticles -- 7.1.2 Waterborne Nanoparticles -- 7.1.3 Nanoparticles in Soil -- 7.2 What to Consider for Nanoparticle-Related Assessment of Risks to Ecosystem -- 7.2.1 Identify and Characterize Properties of Nanoparticles of Concern -- 7.2.2 Bioavailability, Uptake and Toxicity Assessment -- 7.2.3 Exposure Assessment Fate and Transport of NP -- 7.2.4 Ecological Effects and Risk Characterization. |
7.2.5 Uncertainty and Variability -- 7.2.6 Risk Management and Mitigation -- 7.3 Monitoring and Surveillance -- 7.3.1 Monitoring Strategies -- 7.3.1.1 Remote Sensing -- 7.3.1.2 Tracking Technologies -- 7.3.1.3 Challenges and Considerations -- 7.4 Stakeholder Engagement -- 7.4.1 Government Agencies -- 7.4.2 International Organizations -- 7.4.3 Researchers and Scientists -- 7.4.4 Health Professionals -- 7.4.5 Industry -- 7.4.6 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) -- 7.4.7 Consumers -- 7.4.8 Media -- 7.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part II: Ethical Aspects -- Chapter 8 Ethics Governance and Policies: Problems and Concerns -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 How Does Ethics Pertain to Nanotechnology? -- |
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8.2.1 Ethics and Nanotechnology in the Workplace -- 8.3 Framework for Ethical Analysis of Nanotechnology -- 8.3.1 Considerations for Framework -- 8.3.2 Privacy -- 8.3.3 Security Concerns -- 8.3.4 Environmental Concerns -- 8.4 Governance and Policies Based on Ethics -- 8.4.1 Subjectivity -- 8.4.2 Complexity -- 8.4.3 Enforcement of Policy -- 8.4.4 Evolution of Ethics and Ethical Dilemmas -- 8.5 Problems and Challenges Faced in Addressing Ethical Concerns -- 8.5.1 Complexity -- 8.5.2 Subjectivity -- 8.5.3 Cost and Resource Constraints -- 8.5.4 Changing Landscapes -- 8.5.5 Lack of Awareness, Education and Training -- 8.5.6 Health and Environment-Related Challenges -- 8.5.7 Organizational Ethics -- 8.5.8 Legal and Regulatory Compliance -- 8.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 9 Bioethical Questions: Ethically Assessing Toxicology and Human Health -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Organizations Involved in Ethically Assessing Health Risks -- 9.2.1 International Organizations -- 9.2.1.1 World Health Organization (WHO) -- 9.2.1.2 United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) -- 9.2.1.3 International Risk Governance Council (IRGC). |
9.2.1.4 International Organization for Standardization (ISO). |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Navigate the complex world of nanotechnology with this essential guide, providing a comprehensive analysis of the ethical, environmental, and health challenges associated with its cutting-edge innovations. |
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