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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910828658403321 |
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Autore |
Carpenter David O |
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Titolo |
Effects of persistent and bioactive organic pollutants on human health / / David O. Carpenter |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Hoboken, NJ, : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013 |
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ISBN |
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9781118679548 |
1118679547 |
9781118679654 |
1118679652 |
9781118679494 |
1118679490 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (610 p.) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Bioactive compounds - Toxicology |
Organic compounds - Toxicology |
Persistent pollutants - Health aspects |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Cover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Contributors; CHAPTER 1: Introduction: Why Should We Care about Organic Chemicals and Human Health?; References; CHAPTER 2: Sources of Human Exposure; Introduction; Human Exposure Pathways; Direct or Nondietary; Dietary; Chemicals of Concern; POPs; Pesticides; Benzene; Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs); Conclusions and Recommendations; References; CHAPTER 3: The Burden of Cancer from Organic Chemicals; Introduction; The Global Burden of Cancer; Childhood Cancers; Exposure to Organic Chemicals: Contributions to the Global Burden of Cancer |
OccupationalOutdoor Air Pollution; Indoor Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Consumer Products; Food Contaminants; Pesticides; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D): Health Impacts of a Widely Used Organic Chemical Herbicide; Linking Chemicals to Specific Cancer Sites; Examples of Individual Organic Chemicals; Sources of Exposure Information; Estimating the Percentage of Cancers Attributable to |
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Occupational and Environmental Exposures: Methodological and Conceptual Difficulties; Efforts to Estimate Attributable Fractions; Causes: Genes or Environment?; Conclusion: Opportunities for Prevention |
ReferencesCHAPTER 4: Carcinogenicity and Mechanisms of Persistent Organic Pollutants; Introduction; Many POPs Are Complete Carcinogens in Animal Studies; Aspects of Cancer Induction; Carcinogenesis Is a Multistep Process; Compounds May Require Metabolic Bioactivation to Reactive Intermediates and/or By-Products to Act as Carcinogens: Example Lower-Chlorinated Biphenyls; Direct versus Indirect Action; Cancer-Initiating Activity of POPs; Cancer Initiation Is Based on Genotoxic Events; Initiating and Genotoxic Activity of POPs In Vitro and In Vivo; Genotoxicity of Individual Pesticides |
Tumor-Promoting Activities of Environmental PollutantsPromoting Activity of Individual POPs; Mechanisms of Tumor Promotion by Environmental Pollutants; Progression in Carcinogenesis; Summary and Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References; CHAPTER 5: Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome; Introduction; Why Is There an Epidemic of T2D?; Human Evidence Linking POPs and T2D; Earlier Evidence; Recent Evidence: Cross-Sectional Studies; Recent Evidence: Prospective Studies; Human Evidence Linking POPs and Metabolic Syndrome; Mismatch of Time Trend: Issues Related to Inverted U-Shaped Associations |
Polybrominated Biphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and T2DThrifty Gene Hypothesis and POPs; POPs and Glycemic Control among Diabetic Patients; Dietary Interventions in T2D; Summary; References; CHAPTER 6: Mechanistic Basis for Elevation in Risk of Diabetes Caused by Persistent Organic Pollutants; Introduction; Diabetes; POPs: Novel Diabetogenic Factors; POPs and Diabetes: Mechanistic Basis; AhR; CAR and SXR; Challenges and Perspectives; References; CHAPTER 7: Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension; Introduction; Animal Studies and Laboratory Evidence |
Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) for Heart Disease |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Examines what we know about the relationship between organic chemicals and human disease Organic chemicals are everywhere: in the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. They are also found in a myriad of common household and personal care products. Unfortunately, exposure to some organic chemicals can result in adverse health effects, from growth and developmental disorders to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This book examines how organic chemicals affect human health. It looks at the different diseases as well as how individual organ systems are affect |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9911021147103321 |
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Autore |
Fukui Hideki |
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Titolo |
Aviation Policies : Studies of Unintended Effects and Consequences / / by Hideki Fukui |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Singapore : , : Springer Nature Singapore : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2025 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed. 2025.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (536 pages) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Transportation |
Industrial policy |
Political planning |
Statistics |
Comparative government |
Transportation Economics |
Regulation and Industrial Policy |
Policy Evaluation |
Statistics in Business, Management, Economics, Finance, Insurance |
Comparative Public Policy |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Airport slot trading and airlines competition -- Airport slot trading in the United States -- Effect of slot trading on route-level competition: Evidence from experience in the UK -- Slot restrictions and airlines’ manipulative behavior -- Do carriers abuse the slot system to inhibit airport capacity usage? Evidence from the US experience -- How do slot restrictions affect airfares? New evidence from the US airline industry -- Airlines’ reaction to aviation fuel tax and consumer protection -- The impact of aviation fuel tax on fuel consumption and carbon emissions: The case of the US airline industry -- Flight cancellation as a reaction to the tarmac delay rule: An unintended consequence of enhanced passenger protection -- How do passengers react to airlines’ overbooking strategies? Evidence from the US airlines -- Conclusion. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This book sheds new light on aviation policies’ unintended effects and |
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consequences, especially regarding infrastructure, environment, and consumer protection. The book provides the reader with the first systematic quantitative analyses of the impacts of airlines’ strategic reactions to the introduction of airport slot markets, aviation fuel tax, and consumer protection rules. Through extensive empirical investigations, the author reveals that aviation policies based on the regulations and tax can produce both intended and unintended effects and consequences. Although the introduction of airport slot markets was expected to enhance airline competition, airlines’ manipulative behaviors have impeded the slot markets’ effective functioning. Also, the aviation fuel tax can reduce emissions in the air transport market effectively, but the amount of the reduction of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions would be smaller in the longer term due to the rebound effect. Finally, the consumer protection rules, e.g., the tarmac delay rule of the US Department of Transportation (DOT) significantly reduced tarmac delays; however, the DOT’s investigations of tarmac delay incidents triggered the investigated airlines’ risk-averse behavior, which increased flight cancelations and gate departure delays to avoid violating the rule. The analyses suggest that the most effective way of regulation depends on conditions unique to each policy area; the government should design interventions that circumvent strategic behaviors of subjects or groups that the interventions affect. This book is highly relevant to academics and practitioners interested in understanding the interactive effects between policy interventions and firms’ strategic reactions. |
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