Coating and drying defects : troubleshooting operating problems / / Edgar B. Gutoff, Edward D. Cohen ; chapter 11 authored by Gerald I. Kheboian

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911018889203321
• Autore: Gutoff Edgar B
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley-Interscience, c2006
• ISBN: 9786610721313; 9781280721311; 1280721316; 9780470044131; 0470044136; 9780470044124; 0470044128
• Edizione: [2nd ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (361 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): CohenEdward D; KheboianGerald I
• Disciplina: 667/.9
• Soggetti: Coatings - Defects; Drying
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: COATING AND DRYING DEFECTS; CONTENTS; Preface; Preface to the First Edition; About the Authors; 1 Introduction; 2 Troubleshooting or Problem-Solving Procedure; Basic Troubleshooting Principles; Detect the Defect; Define the Defect or Problem; Name the Defect; Problem Statement; Collect and Analyze Additional Data; Process Information; General Process Information; Analytical Data; Standard Operating Procedures; Analyze the Data and Identify Potential Causes of Problem; Eliminate the Problem; Document the Results; Use Results to Prevent Reoccurrence; References; 3 Coater and Defect Analytical ToolsOverview of Analytical Tools; Analytical Methods to Characterize Defects; Defect Test Procedures; Video Enhanced Microscopy; Surface Characterization Techniques; Coater Characterization Instruments; Data Loggers; Rheological Measurements; Surface Properties; On-Line Characterization Systems; ; On-Line Inspection Systems; On-Line Coating Weight Measurement; On-Line Viscosity; Data Analysis Techniques; Keeping Current; References; 4 Problems Associated with Feed Preparation; Dirt and Other Particulates; Filtration; Agglomerates; Bubbles; Poor Cross-Web UniformityIn-Line Mixers; Temperature Control; Flow Control for Down-Web Uniformity; Feeding the Coating Liquid; Flow Control; Magnetic Flow Meters; Ultrasonic Meters; Coriolis Meters; References; 5 Problems Associated with Roll Coating and Related Processes; Coating Methods; Control of Coating Weight; Ribbing; Ribbing in Forward Roll Coating; Ribbing and Cascade (or Herringbone or Seashore) in Reverse Roll Coating; Gravure Coating; Streaks and Bands in Roll Coating; Chatter in Roll Coating; Sagging; References; 6 Problems in Slot, Extrusion, Slide, and Curtain Coating; Description of Coating MethodsLimits of Coatability; The Window of Coatability; Slide Coating; Vortices and Eddies; Slot Coating; Extrusion Coating; Curtain Coating; Effect of Surface Roughness on the Limits of Coatability; Instabilities in Premetered Coating; Chatter; Ribbing; Neck-in; Scalloped Edges; Edge Beads and Heavy Edges; Waves in Slide and in Curtain Coating; Streaks and Bands in Premetered Coating; References; 7 Coating Problems Associated with Coating Die Design; Cross-Web Uniformity; Temperature Control; Corrections to the Coating Die Internals; Die Internal Pressures and SpreadingExtrusion Dies; Wall Shear Stress Control and Residence Time Control; References; 8 Surface Tension Driven Defects; Surfactants; Surface Tension Effects in Coating; Surface Tension Driven Defects; Convection or Bénard Cells; Craters; Fat Edges or Picture Framing; Nonuniform Edges in Multilayer Coatings; Dewetting and Crawling; Adhesive Failure and Delamination; Nonuniform Base Surface Energies; References; 9 Problems Associated with Static Electricity; Formation of Charges; Electrostatic Fields; Surface Resistivity; Measurement of Static Charges; Removal of Charges
• Sommario/riassunto: A practical guide for ensuring a defect-free coating and drying process For professionals in the coating and drying industry, the world is a demanding place. New, technically complex products such as fuel cell membranes, thin film batteries, solar cells, and RFID chips require coatings of extreme precision. With the bar raised so high, understanding how to troubleshoot and eliminate defects on a coating line is an essential skill for all personnel. Coating and Drying Defects, Second Edition provides manufacturing and quality control personnel, equipment operators and supervis

The mathematics of geometrical and physical optics : the k-function and its ramifications / / Orestes N. Stavroudis

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911020174703321
• Autore: Stavroudis O. N (Orestes Nicholas), <1923->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH, c2006
• ISBN: 9786610723607; 9781280723605; 1280723602; 9783527608171; 3527608176; 9783527608294; 352760829X
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (242 p.)
• Disciplina: 535.32
• Soggetti: Geometrical optics - Mathematics; Physical optics - Mathematics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: The Mathematics of Geometrical and Physical Optics; Acknowledgements; Introduction; Contents; Part I Preliminaries; 1 Fermat's Principle and the Variational Calculus; 1.1 Rays in Inhomogeneous Media; 1.2 The Calculus of Variations; 1.3 The Parametric Representation; 1.4 The Vector Notation; 1.5 The Inhomogeneous Optical Medium; 1.6 The Maxwell Fish Eye; 1.7 The Homogeneous Medium; 1.8 Anisotropic Media; 2 Space Curves and Ray Paths; 2.1 Space Curves; 2.2 The Vector Trihedron; 2.3 The Frenet-Serret Equations; 2.4 When the Parameter is Arbitrary; 2.5 The Directional Derivative; 2.6 The Cylindrical Helix2.7 The Conic Section; 2.8 The Ray Equation; 2.9 More on the Fish Eye; 3 The Hilbert Integral and the Hamilton-Jacobi Theory; 3.1 A Digression on the Gradient; 3.2 The Hilbert Integral. Parametric Case; 3.3 Application to Geometrical Optics; 3.4 The Condition for Transversality; 3.5 The Total Differential Equation; 3.6 More on the Helix; 3.7 Snell's Law; 3.8 The Hamilton-Jacobi Partial ; Differential Equations; 3.9 The Eikonal Equation; 4 The Differential Geometry of Surfaces.; 4.1 Parametric Curves; 4.2 Surface Normals; 4.3 The Theorem of Meusnier; 5.7 The Eikonal Equation. The Complete Integral5.8 The Eikonal Equation. The General Solution; 5.9 The Eikonal Equation. Proof of the Pudding; Part II The k-function; 6 The Geometry of Wave Fronts; 6.1 Preliminary Calculations; 6.2 The Caustic Surface; 6.3 Special Surfaces I: Plane and Spherical Wavefronts; 6.4 Parameter Transformations; 6.5 Asymptotic Curves and Isotropic Directions; 7 Ray Tracing: Generalized and Otherwise; 7.1 The Transfer Equations; 7.2 The Ancillary Quantities; 7.3 The Refraction Equations; 7.4 Rotational Symmetry; 7.5 The Paraxial Approximation; 7.6 Generalized Ray Tracing - Transfer7.7 Generalized Ray Tracing - Preliminary Calculations; 7.8 Generalized Ray Tracing - Refraction; 7.9 The Caustic; 7.10 The Prolate Spheroid; 7.11 Rays in the Spheroid; 8 Aberrations in Finite Terms; 8.1 Herzberger's Diapoints; 8.2 Herzberger's Fundamental Optical Invariant; 8.3 The Lens Equation; 8.4 Aberrations in Finite Terms; 8.5 Half-Symmetric, Symmetric and Sharp Images; 9 Refracting the k-Function; 9.1 Refraction; 9.2 The Refracting Surface; 9.3 The Partial Derivatives; 9.4 The Finite Object Point; 9.5 The Quest for C; 9.6 Developing the Solution; 9.7 Conclusions
• Sommario/riassunto: In this sequel to his book, ""The Optics of Rays, Wavefronts, and Caustics,"" Stavroudis not only covers his own research results, but also includes more recent developments. The book is divided into three parts, starting with basic mathematical concepts that are further applied in the book. Surface geometry is treated with classical mathematics, while the second part covers the k-function, discussing and solving the eikonal equation as well as Maxwell equations in this context. A final part on applications consists of conclusions drawn or developed in the first two parts of the book, discussi