Microplastics in the Environment : From Formation to Remediation

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911019952803321
• Autore: Zhang Xinxing
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2025; ©2025
• ISBN: 9783527842117; 352784211X
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (442 pages)
• Disciplina: 363.738
• Soggetti: Microplastics; Environmental toxicology
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Microplastics Formation -- 1.1 Definition of Microplastics -- 1.2 Types of Microplastics -- 1.2.1 Polyethylene -- 1.2.2 Polypropylene -- 1.2.3 Polystyrene -- 1.2.4 Polyvinyl Chloride -- 1.2.5 Polyester -- 1.3 Generation of Microplastics -- 1.3.1 Primary Microplastics -- 1.3.1.1 Industrial -- 1.3.1.2 Consumer -- 1.3.2 Secondary Microplastics -- 1.3.2.1 Plastics‐Derived Microplastics -- 1.3.2.2 Rubbers‐Derived Microplastics -- 1.3.2.3 Fibers‐Derived Microplastics -- 1.3.2.4 Foam‐Derived Microplastics -- References -- Chapter 2 Migration and Transformation of Microplastics -- 2.1 Migration and Transformation of Microplastics in Water -- 2.1.1 Microplastics in the Freshwater Environment -- 2.1.1.1 Distribution of Microplastics in the Freshwater Environment -- 2.1.1.2 Migration and Transformation Processes of Microplastics in the Freshwater Environment -- 2.1.2 Microplastics in the Marine Environment -- 2.1.2.1 Distribution of Microplastics in the Marine Environment -- 2.1.2.2 Migration and Transformation Processes of Microplastics in the Marine Environment -- 2.1.3 Influencing Factors of Migration and Transformation of Microplastics in the Water Environment -- 2.1.3.1 Shape of Microplastics -- 2.1.3.2 Size of Microplastics -- 2.1.3.3 Salinity Gradient -- 2.1.3.4 Water Quality and Hydrodynamic ; Characteristics -- 2.1.3.5 Windage -- 2.1.3.6 Interaction Between Biofilms and Microplastics -- 2.2 Migration and Transformation of Microplastics in Soil -- 2.2.1 Source and Distribution of Microplastics in Soil -- 2.2.1.1 Source of Microplastics in Soil -- 2.2.1.2 Distribution of Microplastics in Soil -- 2.2.2 Migration Pathways of Microplastics in Soil -- 2.2.3 Influencing Factors of Microplastic Migration in Soil -- 2.2.3.1 Characteristics of Microplastics.; 2.2.3.2 Characteristics of Soil -- 2.2.3.3 Bioturbation and Mechanical Disturbance in Soil -- 2.2.3.4 External Environment -- 2.2.4 Transformation of Microplastics in Soil -- 2.2.4.1 Physical Transformation -- 2.2.4.2 Chemical Transformation -- 2.2.4.3 Biodegradation -- 2.2.5 Transfer of Microplastics in the Terrestrial Food Chain -- 2.3 Migration and Transformation of Microplastics in Atmosphere -- 2.3.1 Sources -- 2.3.1.1 Daily Life use Process -- 2.3.1.2 Industrial and Agricultural Production Processes -- 2.3.1.3 Sea‐ or Soil‐mediated Inputs -- 2.3.1.4 Other Sources -- 2.3.2 Flux and Abundance -- 2.3.2.1 Calculation Method of Settling Flux and Influencing Factors -- 2.3.3 Migration Pathways of Microplastics in the Atmosphere -- 2.3.4 Influencing Factors on the Transport of Microplastics in the Atmosphere -- 2.3.4.1 Physicochemical Characteristics of Microplastics -- 2.3.4.2 Meteorological Factors -- 2.3.4.3 Human Factors -- 2.3.4.4 Geographical Location -- 2.3.5 Human Health and Ecological Risks of Atmospheric Microplastics -- 2.3.5.1 Adsorption of Contaminants -- 2.3.5.2 Human Health Risk -- 2.3.5.3 Ecological Risk -- 2.3.6 Atmospheric Microplastic Transport Simulation -- References -- Chapter 3 Toxicity and Health Effects of Microplastics -- 3.1 Estuarine and Marine Organisms -- 3.1.1 Plankton -- 3.1.1.1 Enrichment of Microplastics in Plankton -- 3.1.1.2 Toxic Effects of Microplastics on Plankton -- 3.1.2 Benthic Fauna -- 3.1.2.1 Enrichment of Microplastics in Benthic Fauna -- 3.1.2.2 Toxic Effects of Microplastics on Benthic Fauna -- 3.1.3 Marine Fishes -- 3.1.3.1 Enrichment of Microplastics in Marine Fishes -- 3.1.3.2 Toxic Effects of Microplastics on Marine Fishes -- 3.1.4 Marine Mammals -- 3.1.4.1 Enrichment of Microplastics in Marine Mammals -- 3.1.4.2 Toxic Effects of Microplastics on Marine Mammals -- 3.1.5 Seabirds.; 3.1.5.1 Enrichment of Microplastics in Seabirds -- 3.1.5.2 Toxic Effects of Microplastics on Seabirds -- 3.2 Freshwater Organisms -- 3.2.1 Plankton -- 3.2.1.1 Phytoplankton -- 3.2.1.2 Zooplankton -- 3.2.2 Freshwater Fishes -- 3.2.2.1 Occurrence of Microplastics in Freshwater Fish -- 3.2.2.2 Ingestion and Excretion of Microplastics -- 3.2.2.3 Toxic Effects of Microplastics on Fish -- 3.2.3 Benthic Organisms -- 3.2.3.1 Occurrence of Microplastics in Benthic Organisms -- 3.2.3.2 Toxic Effects of Microplastics on Benthic Organisms -- 3.3 Soil Organisms -- 3.3.1 Effect of Microplastics on Soil Microorganisms -- 3.3.2 Effects of Microplastics on Soil Fauna -- 3.3.3 Effect of Microplastics on Plants -- 3.4 Human Health -- 3.4.1 Detection of Microplastics in Human Tissues -- 3.4.1.1 The Detection of Microplastics in Digestive System -- 3.4.1.2 The Detection of Microplastics in Respiratory System -- 3.4.1.3 The Detection of Microplastics in Circulatory System -- 3.4.1.4 The Detection of Microplastics in Reproductive System -- 3.4.2 Health Effects and Toxicity Mechanisms Due to Gastrointestinal Exposures -- 3.4.2.1 The Main Sources of Microplastics Exposure to the Digestive Tract -- 3.4.2.2 Gastrointestinal Exposures and Human Health -- 3.4.2.3 Toxic Mechanisms of Health Damage Caused by Microplastic Gastrointestinal Exposure -- 3.4.3 Health Effects and Toxicity Mechanisms Due to Respiratory Exposures -- 3.4.3.1 Microplastics Accumulation in the Respiratory System -- 3.4.3.2 Respiratory Exposure and Human Health ; -- 3.4.3.3 Toxic Mechanisms of Health Damage Caused by Microplastic Respiratory Exposure -- 3.4.4 Health Effects and Toxicity in Other Tissues and Cells -- 3.4.4.1 Cell Uptake and Phagocytosis of Microplastics -- 3.4.4.2 Neurotoxicity -- 3.4.4.3 Cytotoxicity and Immune Response -- 3.4.4.4 Germ Cell Toxicity -- 3.4.4.5 Cytotoxicity of Other Tissues.; 3.4.5 Combined Toxicity of Microplastics and Other Pollutants -- References -- Chapter 4 Solutions to Microplastics Pollution -- 4.1 Reduction -- 4.1.1 Legislation and Public Policy -- 4.1.1.1 Restricting Certain Types of Single‐use Plastics -- 4.1.1.2 Extending the Producer Responsibility -- 4.1.1.3 Active Use of Post‐consumer Recycled Plastic -- 4.1.2 Design -- 4.1.2.1 Design for Reduction -- 4.1.2.2 Design for Reuse -- 4.1.2.3 Design for Recycle -- 4.1.3 Technical Support -- 4.1.3.1 Technologies for High Performance -- 4.1.3.2 Technologies for Optimizing the Apparent Structure -- 4.1.4 Brief Summary -- 4.2 Substitution -- 4.2.1 Biobased Plastics -- 4.2.1.1 Biobased Plastics Derived from Natural Polymers -- 4.2.1.2 Biobased Plastics Polymerized from Natural Monomers -- 4.2.1.3 Plastics Derived from Biosynthesis -- 4.2.1.4 Market Prospects for Biobased Plastics -- 4.2.2 Biodegradable Plastics -- 4.2.2.1 Degradation Mechanisms of Basic Polymers -- 4.2.2.2 Biobased Biodegradable Plastics -- 4.2.2.3 Petrochemical Biodegradable Plastics -- 4.2.2.4 State‐of‐the‐art in Improving Biodegradability of Polymers -- 4.2.2.5 Research Progress in Production of MPs from Biodegradable Plastics -- 4.2.3 Recyclable and Long‐life Plastics -- 4.2.3.1 Long‐life Polymers -- 4.2.3.2 Closed‐loop Recyclable Polymers -- 4.2.4 Brief Summary -- 4.3 Recycling -- 4.3.1 Recyclability Improvement of Plastics -- 4.3.1.1 Strengthening Policy Control -- 4.3.1.2 Design for Recycling -- 4.3.2 Recycling Technologies -- 4.3.2.1 Mechanical Recycling -- 4.3.2.2 Chemical Recycling -- 4.3.2.3 Biocatalytic Recycling -- 4.3.2.4 Energy Recycling -- 4.3.3 Brief Summary -- 4.4 Control in the Environment -- 4.4.1 Strategies and Technologies for Microplastics Remediation -- 4.4.1.1 Physical Methods -- 4.4.1.2 Chemical Methods -- 4.4.1.3 Biological Methods -- 4.4.1.4 Combined Methods.; 4.4.2 Brief Summary -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Index -- EULA.
• Sommario/riassunto: Authoritative reference addressing the characteristics, technologies, and solutions surrounding the most concerning environmental pollutant Microplastics in the Environment delivers a systematic and in-depth overview of microplastics generation mechanisms, risk prevention, and control solutions.