Handbook of atmospheric science / / edited by C.N. Hewitt and A.V. Jackson

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911019899303321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Malden, MA, : Blackwell Pub., 2003
• ISBN: 9786611312725; 9781281312723; 128131272X; 9780470999301; 0470999306; 9780470999318; 0470999314; 9781405129077; 1405129077
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (648 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): HewittC. N; JacksonAndrea V
• Disciplina: 551.5
• Soggetti: Atmospheric physics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Handbook of Atmospheric Science; Contents; Part 2: Problems, Tools, and Applications; List of contributors; Preface; Part 1: Principles of Atmospheric Science; 1 CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Creation of the planets and their earliest atmospheres,; 1.3 The Earth's atmosphere before life began; 1.4 Comparison of Venus, Earth, and Mars; 1.5 Life and the Earth's atmosphere; 1.6 Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere; 1.7 The rise of oxygen concentrations; 1.8 Protection of life from ultraviolet radiation; 1.9 Conclusions; 1.10 Further reading; References; 2 ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The structure of the Earth's atmosphere; 2.3 Solar and terrestrial radiation; 2.4 Absorption of radiation by trace gases, 39; 2.5 Solar radiation, ozone, and the stratospheric temperature profile; 2.6 Trapping of longwave radiation; 2.7 A simple model of radiation ; transfer; 2.8 A brief overview of more complex radiative transfer; 2.9 Conduction, convection, and sensible and latent heat; 2.10 The energy budget for the Earth's atmosphere; 2.11 Energy transfer in the atmosphere and ocean; 2.12 Solar radiation and the biosphereReferences; 3 THE EARTH'S CLIMATES; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Polar climates; 3.3 Temperate latitude climates; 3.4 Tropical climates; 3.5 Closing remarks; References; 4 BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES AND RESIDENCE TIMES; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The global carbon cycle; 4.3 The global nitrogen cycle; 4.4 The global sulfur cycle; 4.5 The global halogen cycle; 4.6 Conclusions; References; 5 SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Primary pollutants; 5.3 Long-lived pollutants; 5.4 Secondary gaseous pollutants; 5.5 Other hazardous air pollutants; 5.6 Particulate materialReferences; 6 TROPOSPHERIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Initiation of photochemistry by light; 6.3 Tropospheric oxidation chemistry; 6.4 Nitrogen oxides and the photostationary state; 6.5 Production and destruction of ozone; 6.6 The tropospheric ozone budget; 6.7 The role of hydrocarbons; 6.8 Urban chemistry; 6.9 The spring ozone maximum; 6.10 Nighttime oxidation chemistry; 6.11 Ozone...alkene chemistry; 6.12 NO2...diene chemistry; 6.13 Sulfur chemistry; 6.14 Halogen chemistry; 6.15 Conclusions; References; 7 STRATOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND TRANSPORT; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 The structure of the stratosphere7.3 Gas-phase chemistry of the stratosphere; 7.4 Aerosols and clouds in the stratosphere; 7.5 Heterogeneous chemistry of the 7.5 Heterogeneous chemistry of the stratosphere; 7.6 Future perturbations to the stratosphere; References; 8 AQUEOUS PHASE CHEMISTRY OF THE TROPOSPHERE; 8.1 The aqueous phase in the atmosphere; 8.2 Nonvolatile solutes; 8.3 Reactions and photochemistry; 8.4 Conclusions; References; 9 ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Size distribution, composition, and concentration; 9.3 Aerosol sources; 9.4 Heterogeneous chemistry; 9.5 Climate forcing
• Sommario/riassunto: The alarming consequences of global climate change have highlighted the need to take urgent steps to combat the causes of air pollution. Hence, understanding the Earth's atmosphere is a vital component in Man's emerging quest for developing sustainable modes of behaviour in the 21st century. Written by a team of expert scientists, the Handbook of Atmospheric Science provides a broad and up-to-date account of our understanding of the natural processes that occur within the atmosphere. It examines how Man's activities have had a detrimental effect on the climate, and how mea

Reflections on regionalism / / Bruce Katz, editor ; [foreword by Al Gore]

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910965129503321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : Brookings Institution Press, c2000
• ISBN: 0-8157-2356-3; 0-585-36990-9
• Edizione: [[Online-ausg.].]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (302 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): KatzBruce
• Disciplina: 333.77/0973
• Soggetti: Regional planning - United States; Regionalism - United States
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: ""Contents""; ""Foreword""; ""Reflections on Regionalism""; ""Editorâ€?s Overview""; ""1 Metropolitan Land- Use Reform: The Promise and Challenge of Majority Consensus""; ""PART ONE - REGIONAL GROWTH AND GOVERNANCE""; ""2 Growing and Governing Smart: A Case Study of the New York Region""; ""3 Growth Management: The Core Regional Issue""; ""4 The Death and Life of American Regional Planning""; ""PART TWO - COALITIONS AND METROPOLITANISM""; ""5 Coalition Building for Regionalism""; ""6 Business Coalitions as a Force for Regionalism""; ""PART THREE - RACE AND REGIONALISM""; ""7 Gentlemanâ€?s Agreement: Discrimination in Metropolitan America""""8 Addressing Regional Dilemmas for Minority Communities""; ""PART FOUR - A CONTRARIAN METROPOLITAN VIEW""; ""9 Empowering Families to Vote with Their Feet""; ""Contributors""; ""Index""
• Sommario/riassunto: Academics, community activists, and politicians have rediscovered regionalism, insisting that regions are critical functional units in a world-wide economy and, just as important, critical functional units in individual American lives. More and more of us travel across city, county, even state borders every morning on our way to work. Our television, radio, and print media rely on a regional marketplace. Our businesses, large and small, depend on suppliers, workers, and customers who rarely reside in a single jurisdiction. The parks, ; riverfronts, stadiums, and museums we visit draw from, and provide an identity to, an area much larger than a single city. The fumes, gases, chemicals, and run-off that pollute our air and water have no regard for municipal boundaries.This book lays out a variety of opinions on regionalism, its history and its future. While the essays do not comprise a debate, pro and con, about regionalism, they do provide a wide array of perspectives, based on the authors' diverse backgrounds and experience. Some contributors have made close academic studies of how regional action occurs, in various states like Minnesota, California, and Oregon; others give an historical account of a particular region like that surrounding New York City; and yet others point out aspects of regionalism--race, especially-- that should not be ignored.Why did past efforts at regional collaboration fall apart? What did regionalist efforts of decades ago leave undone, and what new goals should regionalists set? Without an understanding of these questions, policymakers and advocates may find themselves "reinventing the region." This book provides an important understanding of how regionalism has played out in the past, how policies shape places, and the possibilities and limits of regional action.Bruce J. Katz, director of the Brookings Institution Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy, was formerly chief of staff at the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.