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Record Nr. |
UNINA9911019837503321 |
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Autore |
Leeuwen P. W. N. M. van (Piet W. N. M.) |
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Titolo |
Homogeneous catalysts : activity, stability, deactivation / / Piet W.N.M. van Leeuwen and John C. Chadwick |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Weinheim, Germany, : Wiley -VCH, c2011 |
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ISBN |
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9786613140920 |
9783527636006 |
3527636005 |
9781283140928 |
1283140926 |
9783527635993 |
3527635998 |
9783527636013 |
3527636013 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (420 p.) |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Disciplina |
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541.395 |
660.2995 |
660/.2995 |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographic references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Homogeneous Catalysts: Activity - Stability - Deactivation; Contents; Preface; 1 Elementary Steps; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Metal Deposition; 1.2.1 Ligand Loss; 1.2.2 Loss of H+, Reductive Elimination of HX; 1.2.3 Reductive Elimination of C-, N-, O-Donor Fragments; 1.2.4 Metallic Nanoparticles; 1.3 Ligand Decomposition by Oxidation; 1.3.1 General; 1.3.2 Oxidation; 1.3.2.1 Catalysis Using O2; 1.3.2.2 Catalysis Using Hydroperoxides; 1.4 Phosphines; 1.4.1 Introduction; 1.4.2 Oxidation of Phosphines; 1.4.3 Oxidative Addition of a P-C Bond to a Low-Valent Metal |
1.4.4 Nucleophilic Attack at Phosphorus1.4.5 Aryl Exchange Via Phosphonium Intermediates; 1.4.6 Aryl Exchange Via |
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Metallophosphoranes; 1.5 Phosphites; 1.6 Imines and Pyridines; 1.7 Carbenes; 1.7.1 Introduction to NHCs as Ligands; 1.7.2 Reductive Elimination of NHCs; 1.7.3 Carbene Decomposition in Metathesis Catalysts; 1.8 Reactions of Metal-Carbon and Metal-Hydride Bonds; 1.8.1 Reactions with Protic Reagents; 1.8.2 Reactions of Zirconium and Titanium Alkyl Catalysts; 1.9 Reactions Blocking the Active Sites; 1.9.1 Polar Impurities; 1.9.2 Dimer Formation; 1.9.3 Ligand Metallation; References |
2 Early Transition Metal Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization2.1 Ziegler-Natta Catalysts; 2.1.1 Introduction; 2.1.2 Effect of Catalyst Poisons; 2.1.3 TiCl3 Catalysts; 2.1.4 MgCl2-supported Catalysts; 2.1.4.1 MgCl2/TiCl4/Ethyl Benzoate Catalysts; 2.1.4.2 MgCl2/TiCl4/Diester Catalysts; 2.1.4.3 MgCl2/TiCl4/Diether Catalysts; 2.1.5 Ethene Polymerization; 2.2 Metallocenes; 2.2.1 Introduction; 2.2.2 Metallocene/MAO Systems; 2.2.3 Metallocene/Borate Systems; 2.3 Other Single-Center Catalysts; 2.3.1 Constrained Geometry and Half-Sandwich Complexes; 2.3.2 Octahedral Complexes |
2.3.3 Diamide and Other Complexes2.4 Vanadium-Based Catalysts; 2.5 Chromium-Based Catalysts; 2.6 Conclusions; References; 3 Late Transition Metal Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization; 3.1 Nickel- and Palladium-based Catalysts; 3.1.1 Diimine Complexes; 3.1.2 Neutral Nickel(II) Complexes; 3.1.3 Other Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes; 3.2 Iron- and Cobalt-based Catalysts; 3.2.1 Bis(imino)Pyridyl Complexes; 3.3 Conclusions; References; 4 Effects of Immobilization of Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Metallocenes and Related Complexes |
4.2.1 Immobilized MAO/Metallocene Systems4.2.2 Immobilized Borane and Borate Activators; 4.2.3 Superacidic Supports; 4.2.4 MgCl2-Supported Systems; 4.3 Other Titanium and Zirconium Complexes; 4.3.1 Constrained Geometry Complexes; 4.3.2 Octahedral Complexes; 4.4 Vanadium Complexes; 4.5 Chromium Complexes; 4.6 Nickel Complexes; 4.7 Iron Complexes; 4.8 Conclusions; References; 5 Dormant Species in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Olefin Polymerization; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Ziegler-Natta Catalysts; 5.2.1 Ethene Polymerization; 5.2.2 Propene Polymerization |
5.3 Metallocenes and Related Early Transition Metal Catalysts |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This first book to illuminate this important aspect of chemical synthesis improves the lifetime of catalysts, thus reducing material and saving energy, costs and waste.The international panel of expert authors describes the studies that have been conducted concerning the way homogeneous catalysts decompose, and the differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. The result is a ready reference for organic, catalytic, polymer and complex chemists, as well as those working in industry and with/on organometallics |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910255055603321 |
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Autore |
Acs Zoltan |
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Titolo |
Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index 2016 / / by Zoltan Acs, László Szerb, Erkko Autio |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2017 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed. 2017.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (XVIII, 97 p. 33 illus. in color.) |
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Collana |
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SpringerBriefs in Economics, , 2191-5504 |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Economic development |
Entrepreneurship |
Evolutionary economics |
Economic Growth |
Institutional/Evolutionary Economics |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction to the Global Entrepreneurship Index -- Chapter 2 Entrepreneurship and the Future of Economic Prosperity -- Chapter 3 The Global Entrepreneurship Index -- Chapter 4 Country and Country Group Performance -- Chapter 5 Enhancing Entrepreneurial Ecosystems -- Chapter 6 Methodology and Data Description. . |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This brief captures the contextual features of entrepreneurship by measuring entrepreneurial attitudes, abilities, and aspirations at both the individual- and country-level. Featuring data from the 2016 Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index (GEDI), which measures the quality and scale of the entrepreneurial process in 133 countries around the world, this book provides a tool to help policymakers and governments harness the power of entrepreneurship to address some of the economic challenges faced at the country level. In addition to the yearly data and comparisons, this edition also explores the relationship between entrepreneurship and other measures of development. Distinct from both output-based entrepreneurship indexes (i.e., new firm counts) and process-based indexes (i.e., comparisons of policies and |
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regulations, the GEDI is designed to profile national systems of entrepreneurship. The Index does not simply count new firm registrations nor is it an exercise of policy benchmarking. It also does not focus exclusively on high-growth entrepreneurship; it considers the characteristics of entrepreneurship that enhance productivity, such as innovation, market expansion, globalization, and growth potential. Finally, recognizing that entrepreneurship has a different impact in different economic and institutional contexts, the GEDI combines individual-level data with data that describes national institutions, as well as economic and demographic structures, to provide an institutionally embedded view of the drivers of productive entrepreneurship. . |
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