Calculating the secrets of life : applications of the mathematical sciences in molecular biology / / Eric S. Lander and Michael S. Waterman, editors

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910957259103321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1995
• ISBN: 9786610211388; 9781280211386; 1280211385; 9780309556163; 0309556163; 9780585037233; 058503723X
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (299 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): LanderEric S; WatermanMichael S
• Disciplina: 574.8/8/0151
• Soggetti: Genetics - Mathematical models; Genetics - Statistical methods; Molecular biology - Mathematical models; Molecular biology - Statistical methods
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Calculating the Secrets of Life -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Calculating the Secrets of Life -- Chapter 1 The Secrets of Life: A Mathematician's Introduction to Molecular Biology -- BIOCHEMISTRY -- CLASSICAL GENETICS -- MOLECULAR BIOLOGY -- THE RECOMBINANT DNA REVOLUTION -- MOLECULAR GENETICS IN THE 1990S -- THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT -- COMING ATTRACTIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 Mapping Heredity: Using Probabilistic Models and Algorithms to Map Genes and Genomes -- GENETIC MAPPING -- The Concept of Genetic Maps -- Challenges of Genetic Mapping: Human Families and Complex Traits -- MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION -- Efficient Algorithms -- Statistical Significance -- Excursion: ; Susceptibility to Colon Cancer in Mice and the Large Deviation Theory of Diffusion Processes -- PHYSICAL MAPPING -- Assembling Physical Maps by "Fingerprinting" Random Clones -- Excursion: Designing a Strategy to Map the Human Genome -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Seeing Conserved Signals: Using Algorithms to Detect Similarities between Biosequences -- FINDING GLOBAL SIMILARITIES -- Visualizing Alignments: Edit Graphs -- The Basic Dynamic Programming Algorithm -- FINDING LOCAL SIMILARITIES -- VARIATIONS ON SEQUENCE COMPARISON -- Variations in Gap Cost Penalties -- The Duality Between Similarity and Difference Measures -- Aligning More Than Two Sequences at a Time -- K-Best Alignments -- Approximate Pattern Matching -- Parallel Computing -- COMPARING ONE SEQUENCE AGAINST A DATABASE -- Heuristic Algorithms -- Sublinear Similarity Searches -- OPEN PROBLEMS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 Hearing Distant Echoes: Using Extremal Statistics to Probe Evolutionary Origins -- GLOBAL SEQUENCE COMPARISONS -- Sequence Alignment -- Alignment Given -- Alignment Unknown -- LOCAL SEQUENCE COMPARISONS -- Alignment Given -- Alignment Unknown -- APPLICATION TO RNA EVOLUTION.; TWO BEHAVIORS SUFFICE -- RNA EVOLUTION REVISITED -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 Calibrating the Clock: Using Stochastic Processes to Measure the Rate of Evolution -- OVERVIEW -- THE COALESCENT AND MUTATION -- The Ewens Sampling Formula -- Forwards and Backwards in the Tree -- Top-down -- Bottom-up -- The Infinitely-Many-Sites Model -- K-Allele Models -- The Finitely-Many-Sites Models -- MATHEMATICAL VIGNETTE: APPROXIMATING COMBINATORIAL STRUCTURES -- Approximations for the Ewens Sampling Formula -- Combinatorial Assemblies -- Other Combinatorial Structures -- The Large Components -- WHERE TO NEXT? -- Likelihood Methods -- Discussion -- REFERENCES -- General-Purpose References -- Detailed References -- Chapter 6 Winding the Double Helix: Using Geometry, Topology, and Mechanics of DNA -- DNA GEOMETRY AND TOPOLOGY: LINKING, TWISTING, AND WRITHING -- APPLICATIONS TO DNA TOPOISOMERASE REACTIONS -- DNA ON PROTEIN COMPLEXES -- THE SURFACE LINKING NUMBER -- THE WINDING NUMBER AND HELICAL REPEAT -- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LINKING, SURFACE LINKING, AND WINDING -- APPLICATION TO THE STUDY OF THE MINICHROMOSOME -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 Unwinding the Double Helix: Using Differential Mechanics to Probe Conformational Changes... -- DNA SUPERHELICITY-MATHEMATICS AND BIOLOGY -- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM -- THE ENERGETICS OF A STATE -- ANALYSIS OF SUPERHELICAL EQUILIBRIA -- Evaluation of Free-Energy Parameters -- Accuracy of the Calculated Results -- APPLYING THE METHOD TO STUDY INTERESTING GENES -- DISCUSSION AND OPEN PROBLEMS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Lifting the Curtain: Using Topology to Probe the Hidden Action of Enzymes -- THE TOPOLOGY OF DNA -- SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION -- TOPOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR DNA ANALYSIS -- THE TANGLE MODEL FOR SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION -- THE TOPOLOGY OF TN3 RESOLVASE -- SOME UNSOLVED PROBLEMS -- ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Knot Theory.; Application of Geometry and Topology to Biology -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 Folding the Sheets: Using Computational Methods to Predict the Structure of Proteins -- A PRIMER ON PROTEIN STRUCTURE -- BASIC INSIGHTS ABOUT PROTEIN STRUCTURE -- THREADING METHODS -- PREDICTING HIV PROTEASE STRUCTURE:AN EXCURSION -- HIERARCHICAL APPROACHES -- PREDICTING MYOGLOBIN STRUCTURE:AN EXCURSION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix-Chapter Authors -- Index.

MPEG-7 audio and beyond : audio content indexing and retrieval / / Hyoung-Gook Kim, Nicolas Moreau, Thomas Sikora

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911019773803321
• Autore: Kim Hyoung-Gook
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Chichester, West Sussex, England ; ; Hoboken, NJ, USA, : J. Wiley, c2005
• ISBN: 9786610339822; 9781280339820; 1280339829; 9780470093368; 0470093366; 9780470093351; 0470093358
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (305 pages)
• Altri autori (Persone): MoreauNicolas <1945->; SikoraThomas
• Disciplina: 006.6/96
• Soggetti: MPEG (Video coding standard); Multimedia systems; Sound - Recording and reproducing - Digital techniques - Standards; Estàndard MPEG; Sistemes multimèdia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: MPEG-7 Audio and Beyond; Contents; List of Acronyms; List of Symbols; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Audio Content Description; 1.2 MPEG-7 Audio Content Description - An Overview; 1.2.1 MPEG-7 Low-Level Descriptors; 1.2.2 MPEG-7 Description Schemes; 1.2.3 MPEG-7 Description Definition Language (DDL); 1.2.4 BiM (Binary Format for MPEG-7); 1.3 Organization of the Book; 2 Low-Level Descriptors; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Basic Parameters and Notations; 2.2.1 Time Domain; 2.2.2 Frequency Domain; 2.3 Scalable Series; 2.3.1 Series of Scalars; 2.3.2 Series of Vectors; 2.3.3 Binary Series; 2.4 Basic Descriptors; 2.4.1 Audio Waveform2.4.2 Audio Power; 2.5 Basic Spectral Descriptors; 2.5.1 Audio Spectrum Envelope; 2.5.2 Audio Spectrum ; Centroid; 2.5.3 Audio Spectrum Spread; 2.5.4 Audio Spectrum Flatness; 2.6 Basic Signal Parameters; 2.6.1 Audio Harmonicity; 2.6.2 Audio Fundamental Frequency; 2.7 Timbral Descriptors; 2.7.1 Temporal Timbral: Requirements; 2.7.2 Log Attack Time; 2.7.3 Temporal Centroid; 2.7.4 Spectral Timbral: Requirements; 2.7.5 Harmonic Spectral Centroid; 2.7.6 Harmonic Spectral Deviation; 2.7.7 Harmonic Spectral Spread; 2.7.8 Harmonic Spectral Variation; 2.7.9 Spectral Centroid; 2.8 Spectral Basis Representations2.9 Silence Segment; 2.10 Beyond the Scope of MPEG-7; 2.10.1 Other Low-Level Descriptors; 2.10.2 Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients; References; 3 Sound Classification and Similarity; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Dimensionality Reduction; 3.2.1 Singular Value Decomposition (SVD); 3.2.2 Principal Component Analysis (PCA); 3.2.3 Independent Component Analysis (ICA); 3.2.4 Non-Negative Factorization (NMF); 3.3 Classification Methods; 3.3.1 Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM); 3.3.2 Hidden Markov Model (HMM); 3.3.3 Neural Network (NN); 3.3.4 Support Vector Machine (SVM); 3.4 MPEG-7 Sound Classification3.4.1 MPEG-7 Audio Spectrum Projection (ASP) Feature Extraction; 3.4.2 Training Hidden Markov Models (HMMs); 3.4.3 Classification of Sounds; 3.5 Comparison of MPEG-7 Audio Spectrum Projection vs. MFCC Features; 3.6 Indexing and Similarity; 3.6.1 Audio Retrieval Using Histogram Sum of Squared Differences; 3.7 Simulation Results and Discussion; 3.7.1 Plots of MPEG-7 Audio Descriptors; 3.7.2 Parameter Selection; 3.7.3 Results for Distinguishing Between Speech, Music and Environmental Sound; 3.7.4 Results of Sound Classification Using Three Audio Taxonomy Methods; 3.7.5 Results for Speaker Recognition3.7.6 Results of Musical Instrument Classification; 3.7.7 Audio Retrieval Results; 3.8 Conclusions; References; 4 Spoken Content; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Automatic Speech Recognition; 4.2.1 Basic Principles; 4.2.2 Types of Speech Recognition Systems; 4.2.3 Recognition Results; 4.3 MPEG-7 SpokenContent Description; 4.3.1 General Structure; 4.3.2 SpokenContentHeader; 4.3.3 SpokenContentLattice; 4.4 Application: Spoken Document Retrieval; 4.4.1 Basic Principles of IR and SDR; 4.4.2 Vector Space Models; 4.4.3 Word-Based SDR; 4.4.4 Sub-Word-Based Vector Space Models
• Sommario/riassunto: Advances in technology, such as MP3 players, the Internet and DVDs, have led to the production, storage and distribution of a wealth of audio signals, including speech, music and more general sound signals and their combinations. MPEG-7 audio tools were created to enable the navigation of this data, by providing an established framework for effective multimedia management. MPEG-7 Audio and Beyond: Audio Content Indexing and Retrieval is a unique insight into the technology, covering the following topics:the fundamentals of MPEG-7 audio, principally low-level descriptors and soun