Aerogels for Energy Saving and Storage

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911019488203321
• Autore: Mathew Meldin
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2024; ©2024
• ISBN: 9781119717621; 9781119717645; 9781119717638
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (545 pages)
• Altri autori (Persone): MariaHanna J; NzihouAnge; ThomasSabu
• Disciplina: 621.4024
• Soggetti: Aerogels; Energy storage
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 The History, Physical Properties, and Energy-Related Applications of Aerogels -- 1.1 Definition and History of the Aerogels -- 1.1.1 Basic Characteristics and Definition of Aerogels -- 1.1.2 Brief History and Evolution of the Aerogel Science -- 1.2 The Physics Properties of the Aerogels -- 1.2.1 Mechanical Properties -- 1.2.2 Thermal Properties -- 1.2.2.1 Solid Conductivity -- 1.2.2.2 Gaseous Conductivity -- 1.2.2.3 Radiative Heat Transfer -- 1.2.3 Optical Properties -- 1.2.4 Electrical Properties -- 1.2.4.1 Dielectric Properties -- 1.2.4.2 Electrical Conductivity -- 1.2.4.3 Negative Permittivity and Negative Permeability -- 1.2.5 Acoustic Properties -- 1.3 Energy-Related Aerogel Applications -- 1.3.1 Applications in Energy Saving -- 1.3.2 Applications in Energy Conversion -- 1.3.3 Applications in Energy Storage -- 1.4 Prospects -- 1.4.1 Fundamental Science of the Aerogels -- 1.4.2 Novel Aerogels -- 1.4.3 Novel Application and Industrialization Technology of the Aerogels -- References -- Chapter 2 Aerogels and Their Composites in Energy Generation and Conversion Devices -- 2.1 Introduction ; to Aerogels -- 2.2 Strategies for Development of Aerogel Materials -- 2.2.1 Oxide-based Aerogel -- 2.2.2 Organic Aerogel -- 2.2.3 Carbon-based Aerogel -- 2.2.4 Chalcogenide Aerogel -- 2.2.5 Inorganic Gels -- 2.3 Chemistry and Mechanisms of Aerogels Formation -- 2.3.1 Mechanism of Network Formation in Aerogels -- 2.3.1.1 Sol-GelMethod -- 2.3.1.2 Self-AssemblyMethod -- 2.3.1.3 Emulsion Method -- 2.3.1.4 3-DPrinting -- 2.4 Drying Techniques -- 2.4.1 Supercritical Drying -- 2.4.2 Freeze Drying -- 2.4.3 Ambient Pressure Drying -- 2.4.4 Organic Solvent Sublimation Drying -- 2.5 Properties and Characterization -- 2.5.1 Aerogel Characterization.; 2.5.2 Optical and IR Properties -- 2.5.3 Thermal Properties -- 2.5.4 Mechanical and Acoustic Properties -- 2.6 Applications of Aerogel in Energy Storage and Energy Saving -- 2.6.1 Batteries -- 2.6.1.1 Li-ion Battery -- 2.6.1.2 Li-SBattery -- 2.6.1.3 Li-airBattery -- 2.6.1.4 Zn-ionBattery -- 2.6.1.5 Zn-airBattery -- 2.6.1.6 Na-ionBattery -- 2.6.2 Supercapacitors -- 2.6.2.1 Electric Double Layer Capacitors -- 2.6.2.2 Pseudo-capacitors -- 2.6.2.3 Hybrid Capacitors -- 2.6.3 Fuel Cells -- 2.6.4 Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution -- 2.6.5 Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction -- 2.7 Summary and Future Prospects -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 Metal Aerogels for Energy Storage and Conversion -- 3.1 Introduction of Metal Aerogels -- 3.2 Characterizations -- 3.2.1 Densities and Pore Structures -- 3.2.2 Morphologies -- 3.2.3 Element Distribution -- 3.2.4 Crystalline Structure -- 3.2.5 Mechanical Properties -- 3.2.6 Time-Lapse Techniques -- 3.3 Synthesis Methodologies -- 3.3.1 Mechanistic Insights -- 3.3.2 Two-Step Gelation -- 3.3.2.1 Precursors -- 3.3.2.2 Reductants -- 3.3.2.3 Initiation -- 3.3.3 One-Step Gelation -- 3.3.4 Acceleration -- 3.3.5 Postsynthesis -- 3.3.6 Drying of Wet Gels -- 3.3.7 Freezing-Based Method -- 3.3.7.1 Freeze-Casting -- 3.3.7.2 Freeze-Thawing -- 3.3.7.3 3D Printing -- 3.4 Energy-Related Applications -- 3.4.1 Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells -- 3.4.1.1 Fuel Oxidation Reactions -- 3.4.1.2 Oxygen Reduction Reactions -- 3.4.2 Electrocatalysis in Water Splitting -- 3.4.2.1 Oxygen Evolution Reactions -- 3.4.2.2 Hydrogen Evolution Reactions -- 3.4.3 Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction -- 3.4.4 Photoelectrocatalysis for Alcohol Oxidation -- 3.4.4.1 Energy Storage and Conversion -- 3.4.4.2 Electrochemical Energy Storage -- 3.4.4.3 Hydrogen Storage -- 3.4.4.4 Self-PropulsionDevices -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References.; Chapter 4 Aerogels Using Polymer Composites -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Preparation of Polymer-Based Aerogels -- 4.2.1 The Sol-Gel Process -- 4.2.2 Aging -- 4.2.3 Gel-Aerogel Transition (Drying) -- 4.2.3.1 Supercritical Drying -- 4.2.3.2 Ambient Pressure Drying -- 4.2.3.3 Freeze Drying -- 4.2.3.4 Other Drying Methods -- 4.2.4 Combination of a Polymer Aerogel with Another Component -- 4.3 Several Common Polymer Aerogels and Their Composites -- 4.3.1 Polyimide-Based Aerogels -- 4.3.1.1 Polyimide-BasedAerogels Combined with Carbon Materials -- 4.3.1.2 Cellulose/Polyimide Composite Aerogels -- 4.3.1.3 Polyimide-BasedAerogels Combined with Inorganic Materials -- 4.3.2 Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Based Aerogels -- 4.3.2.1 PVA-BasedAerogels Combined with Carbon Materials -- 4.3.2.2 Cellulose/PVA Composite Aerogels -- 4.3.2.3 PVA-BasedAerogels Combined with Inorganic Materials -- 4.3.2.4 PVA-BasedAerogels Combined with Hybrid Materials -- 4.3.3 Phenolic Resin-Based Aerogels -- 4.3.3.1 Phenolic Resin-BasedAerogel Composites -- 4.4 Applications of Polymer Aerogel Composites -- 4.4.1 Absorption -- 4.4.2 Thermal Insulation -- 4.4.3 Flame Retardant Materials -- 4.4.4 Sensing -- 4.4.5 Electromagnetic Interference Shielding -- 4.5 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 5 Epoxide Related ; Aerogels -- Sol-Gel Synthesis, Property Studies and Energy Applications -- 5.1 Overview of Epoxide Aerogels -- 5.1.1 History of Aerogels -- 5.1.2 Advantages of Epoxide-Assisted Approach -- 5.2 Synthesis and Drying Technique -- 5.2.1 Metal Salt Precursors for Aerogels -- 5.2.1.1 Selection of Precursors -- 5.2.1.2 Choice of Solvents -- 5.2.2 Hydrolysis -- 5.2.2.1 Hydrolysis in Aqueous Media: Formation of Hydroxo/Oxo Ligands -- 5.2.2.2 Hydrolysis in Organic Solvents -- 5.2.3 Epoxide-Assisted Gelation and Condensation -- 5.2.3.1 Olation Condensation -- 5.2.3.2 Oxolation Condensation.; 5.2.4 Gel Drying -- 5.2.4.1 Supercritical Drying (SCD) -- 5.2.4.2 Freeze Drying -- 5.2.4.3 Ambient Pressure Drying -- 5.3 Epoxide-assisted Aerogels -- 5.3.1 Metal Oxides -- 5.3.1.1 Alumina Aerogels -- 5.3.1.2 Titania Aerogels -- 5.3.1.3 Vanadia Aerogels -- 5.3.1.4 Zirconia Aerogels -- 5.3.1.5 Other Oxide Aerogels -- 5.3.2 Composites Aerogels -- 5.3.2.1 Inorganic-inorganicComposites -- 5.3.2.2 Inorganic-OrganicComposites -- 5.4 Aerogels Properties and Characterization -- 5.4.1 Structural Characterization -- 5.4.1.1 X-rayDiffraction -- 5.4.1.2 Electron Microscopy -- 5.4.1.3 Infrared Spectroscopy -- 5.4.2 Mechanical Characterization -- 5.5 Some Applications and Examples -- 5.5.1 Catalysis -- 5.5.2 Solid Fuel Cell -- 5.5.3 Water Treatment -- 5.5.4 Biodiesel Production -- 5.5.5 Energy Conversion and Storage Applications -- 5.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6 CNT-Based Aerogels and Their Applications -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Fundamental Principle of Preparing CNT-based Aerogels -- 6.3 Strategies for Preparation of CNT-based Aerogels -- 6.3.1 Preparation of CNT-based Aerogels via CVD -- 6.3.1.1 Isotropic CNT Aerogels -- 6.3.1.2 3D Vertical CNT Arrays -- 6.3.1.3 Template-assistedCNT-basedAerogels -- 6.3.2 Surface-modified CNT-based Aerogels -- 6.3.2.1 Preparation of Aerogels with Noncovalent Modified CNTs -- 6.3.2.2 Preparation of Aerogels with Covalent Modified CNTs -- 6.3.3 CNT Doping in 3D Aerogels -- 6.3.4 CNT/Inorganic Nanocrystal Composite Aerogels -- 6.4 Applications -- 6.4.1 Water Treatment -- 6.4.2 Energy Storage and Conversion -- 6.4.3 Catalysts -- 6.5 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 7 Silica-Based Aerogels for Building Transparent Components -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Silica Aerogels Production -- 7.2.1 Preparation Steps -- 7.2.1.1 Precursors -- 7.2.1.2 Gel Preparation -- 7.2.1.3 Aging -- 7.2.1.4 Drying.; 7.2.1.1 Precursors -- 7.2.2 Rapid Extraction Methods -- 7.3 Silica Aerogel Properties -- 7.3.1 Mechanical Properties -- 7.3.2 Thermal Properties -- 7.3.3 Optical Properties -- 7.3.4 Acoustic Properties -- 7.4 Energy Performance of Silica Aerogels in Buildings -- 7.4.1 Energy Performance of Monolithic Aerogel Glazing Systems -- 7.4.2 Energy Performance of Granular Aerogel Glazing Systems -- 7.5 Applications -- 7.6 Conclusions -- 7.7 Outlook -- References -- Chapter 8 Inorganic Aerogels and Their Composites for Thermal Insulation in White Goods -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Energy Consumption in White Goods -- 8.1.2 Aerogels -- 8.1.2.1 Synthesis of Aerogels -- 8.1.2.2 Classification of Aerogels -- 8.1.2.3 Forms of Aerogels -- 8.2 Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Aerogels -- 8.2.1 Solid Thermal Conductivity -- 8.2.2 Gaseous Thermal Conductivity -- 8.2.3 Radiative Thermal Conductivity -- 8.2.3.1 Approximations Neglecting Some Physical Process -- 8.2.3.2 Optically Thin Approximation Optically -- 8.2.3.3 Optically Thick Approximation -- 8.2.3.4 Two Flux Method -- 8.2.3.5 Discrete Ordinate Method -- 8.3 Inorganic Aerogels and Their Composites in White Goods -- 8.3.1 Refrigerators -- 8.3.1.1 Thermal Insulation in Refrigerators -- 8.3.1.2 Aerogels for Vacuum Insulation Panels -- 8.3.1.3 Aerogel Blankets for Refrigerators -- 8.3.1.4 ; Monolithic Aerogels for Refrigerators -- 8.3.1.5 Aerogel Polyurethane Composites -- 8.3.2 Ovens -- 8.3.2.1 Thermal Insulation in Ovens -- 8.3.2.2 Aerogel Blankets for Ovens -- 8.3.2.3 Monolithic Aerogel Panels -- 8.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 Natural Polymer-Based Aerogels for Filtration Applications -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Material Option for the Preparation of Aerogel -- 9.2.1 Synthetic Polymers -- 9.2.2 Biopolymers-Based Aerogels -- 9.3 Application of Aerogels in Water Purification -- 9.3.1 Organic Molecule Separation.; 9.3.2 Organic Solvent Separation.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book, 'Aerogels for Energy Saving and Storage,' explores the advanced applications of aerogels in energy conservation and storage. Edited by Meldin Mathew, Hanna J. Maria, Ange Nzihou, and Sabu Thomas, it provides a comprehensive overview of the history, physical properties, and applications of aerogels. The book delves into various types of aerogels, including oxide-based, organic, and carbon-based, and discusses their synthesis, properties, and potential in energy-related applications such as batteries, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage. It aims to disseminate knowledge about the cutting-edge developments in aerogel technology and its role in sustainable energy solutions. The intended audience includes researchers, engineers, and professionals in the fields of materials science and energy technology.