Membranes for Energy Applications

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911019412903321
• Autore: Lee Young Moo
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2024; ©2024
• ISBN: 9783527347650; 3527347658; 9783527827268; 3527827269
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (362 pages)
• Disciplina: 660.28424
• Soggetti: Membranes (Technology); Fuel cells
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Energy and Membranes -- 1.2 Brief History of Membrane Technology -- 1.2.1 Current State‐of‐the‐Art Membrane Technology -- References -- Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Membrane Technology -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Definition of Terms -- 2.2.1 The Membrane and Its Function -- 2.2.2 Membrane Materials and Structure -- 2.2.2.1 Symmetric and Asymmetric Membranes -- 2.2.2.2 Porous Membranes -- 2.2.2.3 Homogeneous Dense Membranes -- 2.2.2.4 Ion Exchange Membranes -- 2.2.2.5 Membrane Shapes -- 2.2.3 Mass Transport in Membranes -- 2.2.4 Separation Properties -- 2.3 Membrane Materials -- 2.3.1 Polymer Materials -- 2.3.1.1 Physical State and Properties of Polymer -- 2.3.2 Inorganic Materials -- 2.3.2.1 Preparation of Ceramic Membranes -- 2.4 Basic Principles of Membrane Preparation -- 2.4.1 Thermodynamics of Phase Separation -- 2.4.2 Nonsolvent‐induced Phase Separation -- 2.4.2.1 Type of Polymer -- 2.4.2.2 Polymer Concentration -- 2.4.2.3 Additives -- 2.4.2.4 Casting Temperature -- 2.4.3 Thermally Induced Phase Separation -- 2.4.3.1 Polymer-Solvent Interaction -- 2.4.3.2 Effect of Cooling Rate -- 2.4.3.3 Effect of ; Additives -- 2.5 Membrane Fabrication -- 2.5.1 Asymmetric Membranes -- 2.5.2 Flat Sheet Membranes -- 2.5.3 Thin‐Film Composite Membranes -- 2.6 Membrane Module Fabrication -- References -- Chapter 3 Membranes in Gas Separation for Energy and Environment -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Basic Principles of Gas Separation in Polymer Membranes -- 3.2.1 Permeability and Selectivity -- 3.2.2 Temperature Dependence of Gas Transport -- 3.2.3 Pressure Dependence of Gas Transport -- 3.2.4 Unusual Sorption Behavior of Glassy Polymers -- 3.2.5 Criteria for Membrane Material Selection -- 3.2.5.1 Diffusivity‐Selective Polymer Membranes.; 3.2.5.2 Solubility‐Selective Membrane -- 3.3 Limitations of Gas Separations Using Polymer Membranes -- 3.4 Polymer Membrane Materials -- 3.4.1 Cellulose Acetate -- 3.4.2 Polysulfone -- 3.4.3 Polyimides -- 3.4.4 Siloxane Polymers -- 3.4.5 Substituted Polyacetylenes -- 3.4.6 Amorphous Fluoropolymers -- 3.4.7 Polybenzimidazole -- 3.4.8 Nanocomposites and Mixed Matrix Membranes -- 3.4.9 Other Promising Polymers -- 3.4.9.1 Pebax -- 3.4.9.2 Polymers with Intrinsic Microporosity -- 3.4.9.3 Thermally Rearranged (TR) Polymer Membranes -- 3.4.9.4 High‐performance Polyimides -- 3.5 Membrane Gas Separation Applications -- 3.5.1 Air Separation -- 3.5.2 Hydrogen Separation -- 3.5.3 Hydrocarbon/Hydrocarbon Separation -- 3.5.4 Carbon Dioxide Separation -- 3.5.4.1 Post‐combustion Flue Gas CO2 Capture -- 3.5.4.2 CO2 Removal from Natural Gas -- 3.5.4.3 CO2 Recovery from Biogas -- 3.5.5 Vapor/Gas Separation -- 3.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 4 Membranes for Fuel Cell -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Fuel Cells as Electrochemical Engines -- 4.1.2 Classification of Fuel Cells -- 4.1.3 History of Fuel Cell Development -- 4.2 Basic Electrochemical Principles -- 4.2.1 Electrochemical Reactions -- 4.2.2 Basic Principles of Fuel Cells -- 4.2.3 Voltage Losses -- 4.2.3.1 Activation Losses -- 4.2.3.2 Fuel Crossover and Internal Currents -- 4.2.3.3 Ohmic Losses -- 4.2.3.4 Mass Transport and Concentration Losses -- 4.2.4 Water Management -- 4.3 Membranes in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell -- 4.3.1 Perfluorosulfonic Acids -- 4.3.2 Characteristics of Nafion -- 4.3.3 Degradation of Nafion -- 4.3.4 Composite PEM -- 4.3.5 Radiation‐Grafted Fluoropolymer PEM -- 4.3.6 Hydrocarbon‐Based Cation Exchange Membranes -- 4.3.7 Fuel Cell Stacks‐MEA -- 4.4 Membranes in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell -- 4.5 Membranes in Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell.; 4.5.1 Ammonium Groups and Their Stability -- 4.5.2 Stable Polymer Backbones -- 4.5.2.1 Aryl‐Ether Polymers -- 4.5.2.2 Polybenzimidazole and SEBS -- 4.5.2.3 Poly(norbonene) -- 4.5.2.4 Diels‐Alder Polymer - Polyphenylene -- 4.5.2.5 Poly(aryl piperidinium)s -- 4.5.2.6 Radiation‐Grafted AEM -- 4.5.3 Water Management -- 4.5.4 Outlook -- 4.6 Anion Exchange Ionomers -- 4.7 Fuel Cell Vehicle Market -- 4.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 5 Membranes in Energy Storage System -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Li‐Ion Battery -- 5.1.1.1 Battery Market, Separator Market -- 5.2 Requirements of Li‐Ion Battery Separators -- 5.3 Fabrication of Separator -- 5.3.1 Type of Polymers -- 5.3.2 Type and Fabrication of Separator -- 5.3.2.1 Type of Separator -- 5.3.2.2 Fabrication of Separator -- 5.4 Gel Polymer Electrolytes -- 5.5 Polymers for Separators and Polymer Electrolytes -- 5.5.1 Polyolefin -- 5.5.2 PVDF -- 5.5.3 Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoro propylene) -- 5.6 Next‐Generation Li Battery -- 5.6.1 Li‐Air Battery Separator -- 5.6.2 Li‐S Battery Separator -- 5.6.3 All Solid‐State Li‐Ion Battery -- 5.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 6 Membranes in Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis -- 6.1 ; Introduction -- 6.2 Alkaline Water Electrolysis -- 6.2.1 History of Water Electrolysis -- 6.2.2 Alkaline Electrolysis -- 6.2.3 Major Issues -- 6.3 Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis -- 6.3.1 Advantages of PEMWE -- 6.3.2 Disadvantages of PEMWE -- 6.3.3 Membranes -- 6.3.4 Ionomers -- 6.3.5 Technical Achievements and Applications -- 6.4 Alkaline Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis -- 6.4.1 Difference Between AWE and AEMWE -- 6.4.2 Liquid Electrolytes -- 6.4.3 Anion Exchange Membranes -- 6.4.3.1 Commercial Membranes -- 6.4.3.2 Chemical Stability of Cationic Groups -- 6.4.4 Ionomers -- 6.4.5 Durability.; 6.4.6 Outlook for AEMWE -- 6.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 7 Membranes for Power Generation -- 7.1 Water Energy Nexus and Membranes -- 7.2 Concept of Osmotic Power -- 7.3 Energy Obtained from PRO -- 7.4 Membranes for Pressure‐Retarded Osmosis -- 7.4.1 Cellulose Triacetate Membrane -- 7.4.2 Thin‐Film Composite Membrane -- 7.4.3 Importance of Support Membranes -- 7.4.4 Sponge‐like Porous Structure of Support -- 7.4.5 Nanofibrous Support Membrane -- 7.4.6 Selective Layer -- 7.5 Hybrid Systems with Membrane Distillation and Others -- 7.5.1 PRO‐MD Hybrid System -- 7.5.2 SWRO‐PRO Hybrid System -- 7.5.3 SWRO‐PRO‐MD Trihybrid System -- 7.5.4 Osmotic Heat Engine System -- 7.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- Index -- EULA.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book, 'Membranes for Energy Applications' by Prof. Young Moo Lee, explores the use of membrane technology in various energy-related applications. It covers the principles and developments of membranes in gas separation, fuel cells, energy storage systems, hydrogen production, and power generation. The book addresses the growing energy demands and environmental concerns, emphasizing the role of membranes in efficient energy utilization and reduction of CO2 emissions. It discusses the historical evolution of membrane technology, various types of membranes, and their applications in producing alternative and renewable energy sources. The author's goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how membranes can advance energy technologies and address global energy challenges. This book is intended for researchers, professionals, and students in the fields of chemical engineering, materials science, and energy technology.