1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9911019272203321

Autore

Chhabra Priyanka

Titolo

Advances in Analytical Techniques for Forensic Investigation

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2024

©2024

ISBN

9781394167326

1394167326

9781394167340

1394167342

9781394167333

1394167334

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (431 pages)

Altri autori (Persone)

TripathyDivya Bajpai

GuptaAnjali

ShuklaShruti

KumarRajeev

BhatiKajol

Soggetti

Forensic sciences

Analytical chemistry

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Nota di contenuto

Cover -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Analytical Techniques for Forensic Analysis -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Forensic Analysis -- 1.1.2 Introduction to Instrumentation in Forensic Science -- 1.1.2.1 Validation of Instrument -- 1.1.2.2 Instrumentation for Organic Evidence -- 1.1.2.3 Instrumentation for Inorganic Evidence -- 1.1.2.4 Instrumentation for Biological Evidence -- 1.1.2.5 Instrumentation for Chemical Evidences -- 1.1.2.6 Instrumentation for Physical Evidences -- 1.2 Analytical Techniques for Evidence Analysis -- 1.2.1 Spectroscopy -- 1.2.1.1 Infrared Spectroscopy -- 1.2.1.2 UV-Visible Spectroscopy -- 1.2.1.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) -- 1.2.1.4 Mass Spectrometer (MS) -- 1.2.2 Chromatographic



Techniques -- 1.2.2.1 Gas Chromatography (GC) -- 1.2.2.2 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) -- 1.2.2.3 High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) -- 1.2.3 Hyphenated Techniques -- 1.2.4 Microscopic Techniques -- 1.2.4.1 Optical Microscope -- 1.2.4.2 Electron Microscope -- 1.2.4.3 Stereomicroscope -- 1.2.4.4 Comparison Microscope -- 1.2.4.5 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Coupled Microscopy in Forensic Science -- 1.2.5 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) -- 1.2.6 Nanotechnology -- 1.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Forensic Sample Collection and Preparation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Collection and Preservation of Evidence at the Crime Scene -- 2.2.1 Physical Evidence -- 2.2.2 Biological Evidences -- 2.2.3 Trace Evidences -- 2.2.4 Impression Evidence -- 2.2.5 Explosives -- 2.2.6 Hair and Fibers -- 2.2.7 Documentary Evidence -- 2.2.8 Digital Evidences -- 2.3 Legal Considerations -- 2.4 Chain of Custody -- 2.4.1 Importance and Significance of Chain of Custody in Forensic Science -- 2.5 Admissibility in Court -- 2.6 Forensic Laboratory Analysis.

2.7 DNA Analysis -- 2.7.1 Types of Crime Scenes Where an Expert Can Find DNA -- 2.7.2 Techniques Used -- 2.8 Fingerprint Analysis -- 2.8.1 Collection -- 2.8.2 Development -- 2.8.3 Lifting -- 2.8.4 Analysis -- 2.8.5 Evaluation -- 2.9 Ballistic Analysis -- 2.9.1 Visual Examination -- 2.9.2 Gunshot Residue Analysis -- 2.9.3 Trajectory Analysis -- 2.10 Toxicology Analysis -- 2.10.1 Spectroscopy -- 2.10.2 Chromatography -- 2.10.3 Immunoassays -- 2.10.4 Mass Spectrometry -- 2.11 Quality Control Measures -- 2.11.1 Validation of Methods -- 2.11.2 Calibration -- 2.11.3 Quality Assurance Programs -- 2.11.4 Documentation and Record Keeping -- 2.11.5 Documentation and Reporting of Evidences -- 2.12 Challenges and Emerging Technologies -- 2.12.1 Contamination -- 2.12.2 Microbial Contamination -- 2.12.3 Packaging and Storage Contamination -- 2.12.4 Preservation Difficulties -- 2.13 Handling Digital Evidence -- 2.14 Emerging Technologies -- 2.15 Advances in DNA Analysis -- 2.16 AI and Machine Learning in Forensic Analysis -- 2.17 Cyber Forensics Techniques -- 2.18 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Vibrational Spectroscopy in Forensic Sample Analysis -- 3.1 Fundamentals of Vibrational Spectroscopy (VS) -- 3.2 General Forms of Vibrational Spectroscopy -- 3.2.1 Raman Spectroscopy: Science of Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of Photons -- 3.2.2 IR Spectroscopy: Technique Based on Interaction of Infrared Radiation with Matter -- 3.2.3 Chemometrics: Data Driven Science to Extract Chemical Information -- 3.3 The Deployment of Vibrational Spectroscopy in Forensics and Criminal Investigations -- 3.3.1 Biological Fluids -- 3.3.2 Ballistics -- 3.3.3 Document and Ink Evidences -- 3.3.4 Trace Evidences -- 3.3.5 Controlled Substances -- 3.4 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 4 UV-Vis Spectroscopy in Forensic Sample Investigation -- 4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Forensic Science -- 4.3 UV-Vis Spectroscopy -- 4.4 Applications of UV/Visible Spectroscopy in Forensic Science -- 4.4.1 Analysis of Narcotics and Drug Testing -- 4.4.2 Determination of Alcohol in Blood -- 4.4.3 Ink Analysis -- 4.4.4 Analysis of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Forensic Blood Samples -- 4.4.5 Forensic Determination of Metals by UV/Visible Spectroscopy -- 4.4.6 Examination of Blood Stains by UV/Visible Spectroscopy -- 4.4.7 Forensic Discrimination of Dyed Fiber Collected from the Incident Site -- 4.5 Future Perspective -- 4.6 Conclusion -- Consent for Publication -- Conflict of Interest -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Versatile Tool for Forensic Sample Analysis -- 5.1 Introduction to NMR in Forensic Science -- 5.1.1 Overview of



NMR Spectroscopy -- 5.1.2 Importance of NMR in Forensic Analysis -- 5.2 NMR Instrumentation and Sample Preparation -- 5.2.1 Types of NMR Spectrometers -- 5.2.1.1 Continuous-Wave NMR Spectrometer (CW-NMR) -- 5.2.1.2 Fourier-Transform NMR Spectrometer (FT-NMR) -- 5.2.2 Sample Preparation Techniques -- 5.2.3 Quantitative NMR (qNMR) Spectroscopy -- 5.3 NMR Spectroscopy Techniques -- 5.3.1 One Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy -- 5.3.2 Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy (2D NMR) -- 5.3.3 Solid State NMR Spectroscopy -- 5.3.4 Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP)-Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy -- 5.4 Forensic Applications of NMR Spectroscopy -- 5.4.1 Drug Analysis -- 5.4.2 Forensic Toxicology -- 5.4.3 Body Fluid Analysis -- 5.4.4 Fire Debris Analysis -- 5.4.5 Polymer and Paint Analysis -- 5.4.6 Fiber Analysis -- 5.5 Data Processing and Interpretation -- 5.5.1 Spectral Processing Techniques -- 5.5.2 Spectral Interpretation and Analysis -- 5.5.3 Chemometrics and Statistical Analysis -- 5.6 Conclusion -- 5.6.1 Challenges and Opportunities.

5.6.2 Future Outlook and Potential Advancements -- References -- Chapter 6 Forensic Aspects of Mass Spectroscopy and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectroscopy -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Overview of Isotopes and Mass Spectroscopy -- 6.1.2 The Importance of Stable Isotope Analysis Assists Forensic Cases -- 6.1.3 Stable Isotope Abundances in Forensic Evidence -- 6.2 Mass Spectroscopy Principle Instrumentation -- 6.2.1 Mass Spectrometry -- 6.2.2 Principle -- 6.2.3 Instrumentation -- 6.3 Ion Source -- 6.3.1 Electron Impact (EI) -- 6.3.2 Electrospray Ionization (ESI) -- 6.3.3 Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) -- 6.3.4 Chemical Ionization -- 6.4 Mass Analyzer -- 6.4.1 Quadrupole Mass Analyzer -- 6.4.2 Time-of-Flight (TOF) Mass Analyzer -- 6.4.3 Magnetic Sector Mass Analyzer -- 6.5 Detector -- 6.5.1 Electron Multiplier Detector -- 6.5.2 Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) Detector -- 6.5.3 Channeltron Detector -- 6.5.4 High Mass Detection Detectors -- 6.6 Applications of Mass Spectrometry in Forensics -- 6.6.1 Toxicology -- 6.6.2 Explosives -- 6.6.3 Environmental Forensics -- 6.6.4 DNA Sequencing and Proteomics -- 6.6.5 Forensic Geochemistry -- 6.6.6 Forensic Chemistry -- 6.7 Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Principle and Instrumentation -- 6.7.1 Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) -- 6.7.2 Principle -- 6.7.3 Instrumentation -- 6.7.4 Ion Source -- 6.7.5 Types of Ion Sources in IRMS -- 6.7.5.1 Electron Impact Ionization (EI) -- 6.7.5.2 Chemical Ionization (CI) -- 6.7.5.3 Field Ionization (FI) -- 6.7.6 Mass Analyzer -- 6.7.7 Detector -- 6.7.8 Isotope Ratio Measurement System -- 6.7.9 Gas Handling System -- 6.8 Applications of Isotope Ratio Mass Spectroscopy in Forensics -- 6.8.1 Environmental Forensic Applications -- 6.8.2 Wildlife Forensic Applications -- 6.8.3 Illicit Drug Applications -- 6.8.4 Forensic Applications of Archaeology and Anthropology.

6.8.5 Food Forensic Applications -- 6.8.6 Application of IRMS in Questioned Documents -- 6.8.7 Miscellaneous -- 6.9 Case Study -- 6.10 Challenges and Limitations of Mass Spectrometry in Forensics -- 6.11 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Application of Plasma and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in Sample Analysis -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Absorption Spectroscopy -- 7.3 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) -- 7.3.1 Principle -- 7.3.2 Instrumentation -- 7.3.3 Working -- 7.4 Plasma Absorption Spectroscopy (PAS) -- 7.4.1 Principle -- 7.4.2 Instrumentation -- 7.4.3 Working -- 7.5 Analysis of Forensic Samples Using AAS and PAS -- 7.5.1 Biological Samples and Matrices -- 7.5.2 Drugs and Pharmaceutical Industry -- 7.5.3 Forensic Medicine -- 7.5.4 Soil -- 7.5.5 Explosives, Gunshot Residues, and Ammunition -- 7.5.6 Glass -- 7.5.7 Heavy Metals -- 7.5.8 Environmental Samples -- 7.5.9 Miscellaneous Samples -- Consent for



Publication -- Conflict of Interest -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 8 Application of Gas Chromatography in Criminalistics -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Evolution of Gas Chromatography -- 8.2 Gas Chromatography -- 8.3 Principle of Gas Chromatography -- 8.4 Instrumentation of Gas Chromatography -- 8.5 Advancement in Gas Chromatography Technique -- 8.5.1 High-Resolution GC -- 8.5.2 Fast GC -- 8.5.3 Multidimensional GC -- 8.5.4 Mass Spectrometry (MS) Detection -- 8.6 Miniaturization and Automation in GC -- 8.6.1 Miniaturization -- 8.6.2 Automation -- 8.7 Application of Gas Chromatography in Criminalistics -- 8.7.1 Drug Analysis Using GC -- 8.7.2 Arson Investigation -- 8.7.3 Explosive Analysis -- 8.7.4 Toxin Analysis -- 8.7.5 Food and Beverage Analysis -- 8.7.6 Trace Evidences Analysis -- 8.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 HPLC and HP-TLC -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Principle -- 9.2.1 Basic Principle of HPLC.

9.2.2 Basic Principle of HP-TLC.

Sommario/riassunto

This book provides a comprehensive exploration of advanced analytical techniques utilized in forensic investigations. It covers a wide range of methodologies including spectroscopy, chromatography, and mass spectrometry, with specific applications in analyzing organic, inorganic, biological, and chemical evidence. The book is edited by experts in the field and aims to enhance the understanding of forensic science through detailed discussion of sample collection, preparation, and analysis techniques. It also addresses emerging technologies such as AI, machine learning, and cyber forensics. The intended audience includes forensic scientists, researchers, and students seeking to deepen their knowledge of analytical methods in forensic science.