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Cell Destruction; 1.2.1 What is the Mode of Cell Death?; 1.2.2 What Cells and What Effector Pathways are Responsible for Cell Death?; 1.3 Autoimmune Diseases Associated with Enhanced Cell Growth and Survival; 1.4 Autoimmune Diseases Associated with Abnormal Processing of Dying Cells; 1.5 Conclusions; 1.6 References; 2 Caspase Knockouts: Matters of Life and Death |
2.1 Death, Development and Immune Function2.2 Apoptotic Pathways: from Nematode to Mammals; 2.3 Triggering a Killer: General Aspects of Caspase Activation; 2.4 Caspase-1 and -11: More than Mediators of Inflammatory Cytokines?; 2.5 Caspase-8 and the FAS Signaling Pathway; 2.6 Caspase-3: The Chief Executioner?; 2.7 Caspase-9: Mitochondrial Activation and the Apoptosome; 2.8 Caspase-2: A Duality of Function; 2.9 Caspase-12: Responding to Stress; 2.10 Compensatory Caspase Activation: A Caveat to Knockout Analysis; 2.11 Caspases: More than Simple Killers; 2.12 Concluding Remarks; 2.13 References |
Part 2 Clearance of Apoptotic Cells3 Anti-inflammatory and Immunoregulatory Effects of Apoptotic Cells; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Anti-inflammatory Effects of Apoptotic Cells on Monocytes/Macrophages; 3.3 The Role of Anti-inflammatory Cytokines for the Inhibition of Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production; 3.4 Monocyte/Macrophage Receptors receiving the Anti-inflammatory Signal from Apoptotic Cells; 3.5 Intracellular Signaling Events Causing the Anti-inflammatory State in Macrophages; 3.6 Apoptotic Cells Impair MHC Class II Surface Expression on Monocytes |
3.7 Influence of Apoptotic Cells on DC Function in Allogeneic MLR3.8 The Presence of Apoptotic Cells can Shift the T(h) Cell Response towards T(h)2; 3.9 Apoptotic Cells Suppress Delayed-type Hypersensitivity (DTH) In Vivo; 3.10 Necrosis and Inflammation; 3.11 Implications of the Anti-inflammatory and Immunodulatory Effects of Apoptotic Cells for Health and Disease; 3.11.1 Apoptosis and Pregnancy; 3.11.2 Apoptosis and Irradiation; 3.11.3 Apoptosis and Cancer; 3.11.4 Apoptosis and Infections; 3.11.5 Apoptosis and Blood Transfusions; 3.12 References; 4 Complement and Apoptosis; 4.1 Introduction |
4.2 Programmed Cell Death (PCD)4.3 Complement; 4.4 Complement and Apoptosis; 4.4.1 Role of Complement in the Execution Phase; 4.4.2 Complement Activation by Apoptotic Cells; 4.5 Apoptosis, Complement and Autoimmunity; 4.6 References; 5 Soluble Factors that Bind to Dying Cells Control the Outcome of Corpse Disposal: The Role of Pentraxins, Collectins and Autoantibodies; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Soluble Factors Involved in Apoptotic Cell Recognition and Internalization; 5.2.1 Corpse Clearance at Rest: Collectins; 5.2.2 Corpse Clearance at Rest: Cationic Factors and Other PS-binding Moieties |
5.2.3 Corpse Clearance during Acute Inflammation: Pentraxins |