1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9911019241403321

Autore

Kunz Werner <1940->

Titolo

Do species exist? : principles of taxonomic classification / / Werner Kunz

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Weinheim, Germany, : Wiley-Blackwell, c2012

ISBN

9783527664269

3527664262

9783527664283

3527664289

9783527664252

3527664254

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (281 p.)

Disciplina

576.86

Soggetti

Species - Philosophy

Biology - Philosophy

Biodiversity - Philosophy

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-227) and index.

Nota di contenuto

Are species constructs of the human mind? -- Why is there a species problem? -- Is the biological species a class or is it an individual? -- What are traits in taxonomy? -- Diversity within the species : polymorphisms and the polytypic species -- Biological species as gene-flow community -- The cohesion of organisms through genealogical lineage (cladistics) -- Outlook.

Sommario/riassunto

The species problem (the two questions, do species exist and, if yes, according to what criteria do two individuals belong to the same species) is one of the oldest questions in biology. Darwin's 'Origin of the Species' was - and still is - one of the most comprehensive answers to this problem. However, even Darwin's work cannot satisfactorily explain many of the speciation questions. Over the years, many concurrent taxonomic systems have evolved each of them particularly well suited for the speciation of certain groups of organisms but all of them fail to provide a universal answer to all questions relating to speciation. Do Species Exist? is a readily comprehensible guide for a



wide audience of biologists, field taxonomists and philosophers, giving an excellent overview of the species problem without delving into the many feuds between the different schools of taxonomy.

2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9911019146603321

Titolo

Handbook of RAFT polymerization / / edited by Christopher Barner-Kowollik

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH, c2008

ISBN

9786611947002

9781281947000

1281947008

9783527622757

3527622756

9783527622764

3527622764

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (557 p.)

Altri autori (Persone)

Barner-KowollikChristopher

Disciplina

547.28

547/.28

Soggetti

Addition polymerization

Polymerization

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

Handbook of RAFT Polymerization; Contents; List of Contributors; 1 Introduction; 2 Quantum-Chemical Studies of RAFT Polymerization: Methodology, Structure-Reactivity Correlations and Kinetic Implications; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Methodology; 2.3 Computational Modeling of RAFT Kinetics; 2.4 Structure-Reactivity Studies; 2.5 Abbreviations; 3 The Mechanism and Kinetics of the RAFT Process: Overview, Rates, Stabilities, Side Reactions, Product Spectrum and Outstanding Challenges; 3.1 History; 3.2 Preequilibrium Kinetics and Mechanism; 3.3 Main Equilibrium Kinetics and Mechanism

3.4 Mechanisms for Rate Retardation/Inhibition - Outstanding



Questions3.5 RAFT Copolymerization: Block and Statistical Copolymers; 3.6 The Kinetics and Mechanism of Star and Graft Polymer Formation Processes; 3.7 Mechanism and Kinetics as a Guide for the Synthetic Polymer Chemist; 4 The RAFT Process as a Kinetic Tool: Accessing Fundamental Parameters of Free Radical Polymerization; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Chain-Length-Dependent Termination: A Brief Overview; 4.3 RAFT Chemistry as a Tool for Elucidating the Chain Length Dependence of k(t); 4.4 Chain-Length-Dependent Propagation Rate Coefficients

5 The Radical Chemistry of Thiocarbonylthio Compounds: An Overview5.1 Historical Overview and Early Chemistry; 5.2 The Barton-McCombie Deoxygenation; 5.3 A Minor Mechanistic Controversy; 5.4 A New Degenerative Radical Process; 5.5 Synthetic Routes to Thiocarbonylthio Derivatives; 5.6 Some Synthetic Applications of the Degenerative Radical Transfer to Small Molecules; 5.7 Applications to Controlled Radical Polymerizations; 5.8 Concluding Remarks; 6 RAFT Polymerization in Bulk Monomer or in (Organic) Solution; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 RAFT Agents; 6.3 RAFT Polymerization

6.4 RAFT Polymerization Conditions6.5 Abbreviations; 7 RAFT Polymerization in Homogeneous Aqueous Media: Initiation Systems, RAFT Agent Stability, Monomers and Polymer Structures; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Initiation Systems; 7.3 RAFT Agent Stability; 7.4 Suitable Monomers; 7.5 Examples of Experimental Procedures; 8 RAFT-Mediated Polymerization in Heterogeneous Systems; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Effect of C(tr,RAFT) on M(n) and PDI in Homogeneous Systems; 8.3 Raft in Heterogeneous Systems; 8.4 Conclusion; 9 Complex Architecture Design via the RAFT Process: Scope, Strengths and Limitations

9.1 Complex Polymer Architectures9.2 Block Copolymers; 9.3 Star Polymers via RAFT Polymerization; 9.4 Comb Polymers; 9.5 Other Complex Architectures; 9.6 Conclusions; 10 Macromolecular Design by Interchange of Xanthates: Background, Design, Scope and Applications; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 History of MADIX Polymerization; 10.3 Mechanism of MADIX Polymerization; 10.4 Kinetics of MADIX Polymerization; 10.5 Choice of MADIX Agents; 10.6 Synthesis of MADIX Agents; 10.7 Experimental Conditions in MADIX; 10.8 Monomers Polymerizable by MADIX; 10.9 MADIX Polymerization in Waterborne Dispersed Media

10.10 Macromolecular Engineering by MADIX

Sommario/riassunto

Spanning the entire field from fundamentals to applications in material science, this one-stop source is the first comprehensive reference for polymer, physical and surface chemists, materials scientists, chemical engineers, and those chemists working in industry.From the contents:* Introduction: Living Free Radical Polymerization and the RAFT Process* Fundamental Structure-Reactivity Correlations Governing the RAFT Process* Mechanism and Kinetics * The RAFT Process as a Kinetic Tool* Theory and Practice in Technical Applications* RAFT Polymerization in Bulk and Org