Nuclear Physics 2 : Radiochronometers and Radiopharmaceuticals

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911018956203321
• Autore: Sakho Ibrahima
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2024; ©2024
• ISBN: 9781394299034; 1394299036; 9781394299010; 139429901X
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (248 pages)
• Disciplina: 539.7
• Soggetti: Nuclear physics; Nucleosynthesis
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 A Description of the Big Bang Model -- 1.1. Red-shift phenomenon in the spectrum of stars and galaxies -- 1.1.1 Doppler effect -- 1.1.2 Doppler-Fizeau effect -- 1.1.3 Doppler shift expression -- 1.2. Theoretical and experimental facts leading to the validation of the Big Bang model -- 1.2.1 From redshift observation to the "primitive atom" hypothesis -- 1.2.2 From Hubble observations to the discovery of the cosmic microwave background -- 1.3. Brief description of the chronology of the universe's evolution after the Big Bang -- 1.3.1 From singularity to the era of inflation -- 1.3.2 From baryogenesis to primordial nucleosynthesis -- 1.3.3 From the dark age of the universe to the radiative era -- 1.3.4 Star formation -- Chapter 2 The Nucleosynthesis Process -- 2.1. Nucleosynthesis -- 2.1.1 Notion of chemical elements -- 2.1.2 Definition, different nucleosynthesis processes -- 2.1.3 Primordial nucleosynthesis -- 2.1.4 Stellar nucleosynthesis -- 2.1.5 Explosive nucleosynthesis -- 2.2. Other important nucleus-forming processes, radionuclides in the environment -- 2.2.1 Triple-alpha reaction, Hoyle state -- 2.2.2 Formation process of compound nuclei, resonance states -- 2.2.3 CNO ; (Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen) cycle -- 2.2.4 Bethe-Weizsäcker cycle -- 2.2.5 Natural and artificial radionuclides in the environment -- Chapter 3 Radiochronometer Applications in Dating -- 3.1. Carbon-14 dating -- 3.1.1 A brief history of radiocarbon-14 dating -- 3.1.2 Cosmogenic isotopes: the case of carbon-14 -- 3.1.3 Radiocarbon-14 in the biosphere -- 3.1.4 Principle of 14C dating -- 3.1.5 Age correction, radiocarbon age and calendar age -- 3.1.6 Calibrating radiocarbon ages: reasons for calibration? How to calibrate? -- 3.2. Potassium-argon (K-Ar) dating -- 3.2.1 Principle of dating.; 3.2.2 Basic assumptions for the K-Ar radiochronometer -- 3.2.3 Age equation -- 3.2.4 Atmospheric correction -- 3.2.5 Preparing samples for K-Ar dating -- 3.2.6 Experimental protocols for potassium and argon measurements -- 3.2.7 Overestimation of K-Ar ages -- 3.2.8 Description of the 40Ar/39Ar dating method -- 3.3. Lake dating using 210Pb, 137Cs and 7Be radiochronometers -- 3.3.1 Core drilling system -- 3.3.2 Lead-210 dating: CFCS, CRS and CIC models -- 3.3.3 Nuclear tests, Chernobyl accident -- 3.3.4 Cesium-137 dating -- 3.3.5 7Be dating -- 3.4. Uranium-thorium or uranium-lead dating -- 3.4.1 Method principle -- 3.5. Coral dating -- 3.5.1 Uranium-238 decay chain -- 3.5.2 Sampling, mechanical sample preparation -- 3.5.3 Chemical preparation of samples, X-ray diffraction analysis -- 3.5.4 Coral dating using the 238U/230Th and 235U/231Pa methods -- 3.5.5 Coral dating using the 233U/230Th method -- 3.5.6 Dating corals and speleothems using 234U/238U and 230Th/238U methods -- 3.6. File on dating archaeological objects -- 3.6.1 General points -- 3.6.2 Choice of dating method(s) -- 3.6.3 Authentication issues -- 3.6.4 Checking the validity of a date inscribed on the work -- 3.6.5 Tracing the history of a manuscript -- Chapter 4 General Information on Radiopharmaceuticals Used in Nuclear Medicine Imaging -- 4.1. Nuclear medicine -- 4.1.1 Definition, objectives -- 4.1.2 The birth of nuclear medicine -- 4.1.3 Diseases diagnosed in nuclear medicine -- 4.2. Cancer -- 4.2.1 Cell organization in the organism -- 4.2.2 Evolution of cancer cells, tumor -- 4.2.3 Carcinogenesis, metastasis -- 4.2.4 Angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -- 4.2.5 Tumor angiogenesis -- 4.2.6 Global cancer epidemiology data -- 4.2.7 Cancer control in Senegal -- 4.2.8 Recommendations from cancer organizations -- 4.3. General information on radiopharmaceuticals.; 4.3.1 Notion of radiopharmaceuticals, specific properties -- 4.3.2 Quality control of radiopharmaceuticals -- 4.3.3 Radiochemical purity, experimental determination methods -- 4.3.4 Thin-layer chromatography applied to the determination of radiochemical purity -- 4.3.5 Determination of radionuclidic purity -- 4.4. Nuclear medicine imaging techniques: PET and SPECT -- 4.4.1 Radioisotopes used in nuclear medicine imaging -- 4.4.2 Principle of positron emission tomography (PET) -- 4.4.3 PET scan -- 4.4.4 PET scan procedure -- 4.4.5 PET/CT examination -- 4.4.6 Principle of single-photon emission computed tomography -- 4.4.7 Main scintigraphies and their uses -- 4.5. Appendices on dementia diseases -- 4.5.1 Appendix 1. Alzheimer's disease -- 4.5.2 Appendix 2. Lewy body dementia -- 4.5.3 Appendix 3. Parkinson's disease -- References -- Index -- Other titles from ISTE in Waves -- EULA.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book, 'Nuclear Physics 2' by Ibrahima Sakho, provides an in-depth exploration of nuclear physics, focusing on the Big Bang model and the processes of nucleosynthesis. The text delves into the red-shift phenomenon, Doppler effect, and the cosmic microwave background, offering insights into the universe's evolution post-Big Bang. The book examines various nucleosynthesis processes such as primordial, stellar, and explosive nucleosynthesis, and discusses the formation of chemical ; elements and compound nuclei. Additionally, it covers applications in radiometric dating methods, including Carbon-14, Potassium-Argon, and Uranium-Thorium dating, highlighting their historical development and practical applications. Targeted at researchers and students in physics and related fields, the book aims to enhance understanding of nuclear processes and their implications in cosmology and geology.