arithmetic circuits such as basic and universal gate operations, half-adder, full-adder, half subtractor, full subtractor, N-qubit adders, multipliers, dividers, etc., are explained clearly. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), NMR relaxation, quantum cache memory, heat conduction circuit, and trap ion are also discussed. The readers can get a clear idea about different types of quantum, quantum-DNA and DNA-quantum circuits such as arithmetic, combinational, sequential, memory devices, programmable logic devices, nano-processors and will be able to design their own circuits. Then, it discusses Heat Measurement, Speed Calculation, Heat Transfer, Data Conversion, and Data Management in Quantum Computing and Quantum Biocomputing (Quantum-DNA Computing and DNA-Quantum Computing). As a whole, this book is a great resource for quantum, quantum-DNA and DNA-Quantum Computing, it is the book where computing in quantum biology is introduced for the quantum biology researchers, students, and academicians. This is a novel approach to writing a book in this field. This book quenches the thirst of beginners to advanced-level readers. |