This book provides a comprehensive study on environmental offenders, particularly focusing on individual perpetrators rather than companies. It is the first study in the Netherlands, and globally, to systematically profile a large group of environmental offenders, examining their criminal careers, behaviors beyond environmental crimes, and recidivism rates. The research involves 1609 individuals prosecuted for serious environmental offenses between 2012 and 2020. By analyzing judicial documentation and conducting interviews, the study identifies three unique criminal profiles and highlights the variance in recidivism. The findings contribute to understanding the underlying mechanisms of compliance and non-compliance with regulations, aiding governmental efforts to enhance law enforcement quality. This book targets researchers, policymakers, and practitioners interested in criminology and environmental law enforcement. |