The Role of 6G and Beyond on the Road to Net-Zero Carbon

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911007172303321
• Autore: Imran Muhammad Ali
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Stevenage : , : Institution of Engineering & Technology, , 2023; ©2023
• ISBN: 1-83724-445-6; 1-5231-6310-0; 1-83953-737-X
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (274 pages)
• Collana: Telecommunications Series
• Altri autori (Persone): TahaAhmad; AnsariShuja; UsmanMuhammad; AbbasiQammer H
• Disciplina: 363.738746
• Soggetti: 6G mobile communication systems; Sustainable development
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the editors -- Preface -- 1 The role of mobile communication in achieving net zero: the current status -- 1.1 Efforts from the industry -- 1.2 Main sectors, use cases -- 1.2.1 Transportation -- 1.2.2 Energy -- 1.2.3 Industry/manufacturing -- 1.2.4 Agritech/farming -- 1.3 ICT and mobile networks as actors of power consumption -- 1.4 Challenges and possible solutions in reaching Net Zero Emissions in Telco infrastructures -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- 2 6G radio hardware-contributing to the net‒zero target -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Cell-free massive MIMO -- 2.2.1 Energy efficiency in CF mMIMO -- 2.3 Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces -- 2.4 Reconfigurable intelligent edges -- 2.5 Wireless power harvesting -- 2.6 Manufacturing sustainable hardware for 6G and beyond -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- 3 The role of 6G and beyond for urban air mobility and utilising space systems for road to net-zero carbon -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Smart mobility in mobile networks -- 3.1.2 Airborne network evolution -- 3.2 Role of ISTN in the future 6G-based urban air mobility: ; vision and architecture -- 3.2.1 Airspace division and radio network planning -- 3.2.2 Envisaged 6G technologies for UAM -- 3.2.3 Uncharted frequency bands -- 3.2.4 Intelligent reflecting surfaces -- 3.2.5 Massive intelligence -- 3.2.6 Low Earth orbit satellite backhaul -- 3.2.7 Quantum computing -- 3.3 KPIs for enabling 6G AWN mobility -- 3.3.1 Retainability -- 3.3.2 Mobility -- 3.4 Challenges, threats, and opportunities -- 3.5 The role of UAVs in the future mobile networks and their unique characteristics -- 3.5.1 UAV characteristics -- 3.5.2 Applications and use cases of UAVs -- 3.6 Solutions for space systems utilising for reaching global net-zero target -- 3.7 Conclusions -- References.; 4 Sustainable RF wireless power transfer and energy harvesting and their applications -- 4.1 RF power harvesting and conversion methods -- 4.1.1 Device-level considerations: rectifiers -- 4.1.2 Antenna topologies and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer -- 4.2 Sustainable wearable and biomedical applications and approaches -- 4.2.1 Materials and fabrication process -- 4.2.2 Safety consideration and practical deployment -- 4.3 Emerging systems and applications -- 4.4 Summary and conclusions -- References -- 5 Long distance power transmission -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 UAV-assisted wireless networking -- 5.2.1 Brief state-of-the-art -- 5.3 Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) -- 5.3.1 Brief state-of-the-art -- 5.4 RIS and UAV cooperation in wireless networking -- 5.4.1 Brief state-of-the-art -- 5.5 Satellite communications -- 5.5.1 Brief state-of-the-art -- 5.6 Role of machine learning as an enabler -- 5.7 Summary -- References -- 6 Energy-efficient architectures for 6G networks -- 6.1 Overview of 6G networks -- 6.1.1 6G and technical requirements -- 6.1.2 Candidate technologies -- 6.2 Artificial intelligence and edge computing for energy savings in 6G -- 6.3 Zero-energy devices and 6G networks -- 6.4 Climate change and societal transformations -- 6.5 6G and future smart power systems -- 6.5.1 Microgrids and distribution networks -- 6.5.2 Renewable energy integration -- 6.5.3 Improved grid resilience -- 6.6 Case study 1: 6G and demand response -- 6.7 Case study 2: power system frequency control with EV networks -- 6.8 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Energy-efficient UAV communication and deployment -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 UAV deployment -- 7.1.2 UAV energy efficiency -- 7.1.3 UAV-assisted index modulation -- 7.1.4 Contributions -- 7.2 IM-UAV communication system -- 7.2.1 Review of the concept of IM.; 7.2.2 Proposed IM-UAV system model -- 7.2.3 Channel model -- 7.2.4 UAV deployment for the IM-UAV communication system -- 7.2.5 Low-complexity detection -- 7.3 Simulation results -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Cooperative intelligent transport systems for net-zero -- 8.1 Overview of ITS worldwide -- 8.2 Construction and design of VANETs -- 8.2.1 V2I communications -- 8.2.2 V2V communications -- 8.2.3 An overview of VANET protocol stacks -- 8.3 Security and privacy objectives -- 8.3.1 Privacy requirements -- 8.3.2 Security requirements -- 8.4 Challenges and security concerns -- 8.5 Towards 6G-based V2X communication -- 8.5.1 Revolutionary technologies for 6G-V2X -- 8.5.2 Evolutionary technologies for 6G-V2X -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Intelligent reflective surfaces (IRSs) for green networks -- 9.1 Smart radio environment and IRS -- 9.2 Overview of IRS technology, its properties, and how it works -- 9.2.1 IRS structure and control mechanism -- 9.2.2 IRS passive beamforming -- 9.3 IRS applications -- 9.3.1 IRS-assisted B5G and 6G networks -- 9.3.2 IRS-enabled smart cities and IoT networks -- 9.3.3 IRS for wireless power transfer -- 9.3.4 IRS-assisted UAV networks -- 9.4 IRS vs. active solutions: an environmental point of view -- 9.4.1 Power efficiency -- ; 9.4.2 Sustainable infrastructure -- 9.5 Conclusion and future research directions -- References -- 10 Energy efficient optical receivers for next generation non-terrestrial communication networks -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Motivation behind using a detector array receiver in free-space optical communications -- 10.1.2 Detector arrays in free-space optics: a background literature review -- 10.1.3 Energy savings with a detector array receiver -- 10.1.4 Model assumptions -- 10.1.5 Organization of the chapter -- 10.2 Symbol detection performance of an array of detectors.; 10.2.1 Combining schemes with an array of detectors -- 10.3 Angle-of-arrival tracking with an array of detectors -- 10.4 Joint symbol detection and tracking with a detector array receiver -- 10.5 A brief complexity analysis -- 10.6 Experimental results and comments -- 10.7 Conclusion -- References -- 11 The role of 6G in green energy generation -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Advantages of 6G technology for green energy generation -- 11.3 Edge computing and energy systems -- 11.4 6G edge computing and SGs -- 11.4.1 Self-healing in SGs -- 11.4.2 Forecasting in SGs -- 11.4.3 Wireless charging in SGs -- 11.5 6G supporting edge AI -- 11.6 6G and SGs challenges -- 11.7 6G supporting P2P trading -- 11.7.1 6G P2P in VPPs -- 11.8 6G and energy Internet -- 11.9 Conclusion -- References -- Conclusion -- Paving the way to a net-zero carbon future with 6G -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book focuses on the potential of 6G to further expedite the achievement of net-zero. The authors cover the latest research efforts made in utilising 6G technology to solve real societal problems and to thought provoke researchers and scientists in proposing innovative ideas on how 6G can help with the fight against climate change.