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Record Nr. |
UNINA9911007038203321 |
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Autore |
Tavner Peter J. <1946-> |
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Titolo |
Offshore Wind Power : Reliability, Availability and Maintenance |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Stevenage : , : Institution of Engineering & Technology, , 2021 |
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©2021 |
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ISBN |
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1-83724-576-2 |
1-5231-4251-0 |
1-83953-334-X |
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Edizione |
[2nd ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (435 pages) |
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Collana |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Offshore wind power plants |
Wind power |
Wind turbines |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the author -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Nomenclature -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Introduction to off-shore wind -- 1.1 Development of wind power -- 1.2 Reliability of on-shore wind turbines -- 1.3 Large wind farms -- 1.4 First off-shore developments -- 1.5 Off-shore wind in Northern Europe -- 1.5.1 Introduction -- 1.5.2 Baltic Sea, German, Swedish and Danish waters -- 1.5.3 North Sea, UK waters -- 1.5.4 North Sea, German, Dutch, Belgian and Danish waters -- 1.6 Off-shore wind rest of the world -- 1.6.1 The USA -- 1.6.2 Asia -- 1.7 Off-shore wind power terminology and economics -- 1.7.1 Terminology -- 1.7.2 Cost of installation -- 1.7.3 Cost of energy -- 1.7.4 Cost of O__amp__amp -- M -- 1.7.5 Effect of reliability, availability and maintenance on cost of energy -- 1.7.6 Previous work -- 1.8 Roles -- 1.8.1 General -- 1.8.2 Innovators -- 1.8.3 Governments -- 1.8.4 Test facilities -- 1.8.5 Regulators -- 1.8.6 Investors -- 1.8.7 Certifiers and insurers -- 1.8.8 Developers -- 1.8.9 Original equipment manufacturers -- 1.8.10 Operators and asset managers -- 1.8.11 Maintainers -- 1.9 Summary -- Chapter 2 Reliability theory relevant to off-shore wind -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Basic definitions -- 2.3 Random and continuous |
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variables -- 2.4 Reliability theory -- 2.4.1 Reliability functions -- 2.4.2 Reliability functions example -- 2.4.3 Reliability analysis assuming constant failure rate -- 2.4.4 Bathtub curve -- 2.5 Reliability modelling concepts for off-shore wind farms -- 2.5.1 General -- 2.5.2 Reliability modelling concepts -- 2.5.3 Total time on test -- 2.6 Reliability block diagrams -- 2.6.1 General -- 2.6.2 Series systems -- 2.6.3 Parallel systems -- 2.7 Summary -- Chapter 3 Weather, its influence on off-shore reliability -- 3.1 Wind, weather and large off-shore wind farms -- 3.1.1 Introduction. |
3.1.2 Wind speed -- 3.1.3 Wind turbulence -- 3.1.4 Wave height and sea condition -- 3.1.5 Temperature -- 3.1.6 Humidity -- 3.2 Mathematics to analyse weather influence -- 3.2.1 General -- 3.2.2 Periodograms -- 3.2.3 Cross-correlograms -- 3.2.4 Concerns -- 3.3 Relationships between weather and failure rate -- 3.3.1 Wind speed -- 3.3.2 Temperature -- 3.3.3 Humidity -- 3.3.4 Wind turbulence -- 3.3.5 Sea surface effects -- 3.4 Resource, location, reliability and capacity factor -- 3.5 Summary -- 3.5.1 Wind turbine design -- 3.5.2 Wind farm operation -- Chapter 4 Practical off-shore wind farm reliability -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Taxonomies and data from wind turbines and off-shore farms -- 4.2.1 Fixed -- 4.2.2 Floating -- 4.2.3 Reliability data -- 4.3 Failure location, failure mode, root cause and failure mechanism -- 4.4 Reliability field data and collection -- 4.5 Mathematical concerns about field data -- 4.6 Comparative data analysis -- 4.7 Current reliability and failure mode knowledge -- 4.8 Linkage between failure mode and root cause -- 4.9 Reliability analysis, machinery versus structure versus taxonomy -- 4.10 Premature series failures -- 4.11 Summary -- Chapter 5 Wind turbine configuration and reliability -- 5.1 Modern wind turbine configurations -- 5.1.1 General -- 5.1.2 Background -- 5.1.3 Concepts and configurations -- 5.1.4 Sub-assemblies -- 5.1.5 Populations and operating experience -- 5.1.6 Industrial reliability data for sub-assemblies -- 5.2 Reliability analysis assuming constant failure rate -- 5.3 Analysis of turbine concepts -- 5.3.1 Comparison of concepts -- 5.3.2 Reliability of sub-assemblies -- 5.3.3 Evaluation of current different wind turbine configurations -- 5.3.4 Innovative wind turbine configurations -- 5.3.5 Alternative drive train analysis -- 5.4 Using data to predict prospective drive train reliability -- 5.5 Summary. |
Chapter 6 Design and testing for wind farm availability -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Methods to improve reliability -- 6.2.1 Reliability results and future turbines -- 6.2.2 Wind turbine design concepts -- 6.2.3 Testing -- 6.2.4 Monitoring and O__amp__amp -- M -- 6.3 Design techniques -- 6.3.1 Wind farm design and configuration -- 6.3.2 Design review -- 6.3.3 FMEA and FMECA -- 6.3.4 Integrating design techniques -- 6.4 Testing techniques -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 Accelerated life testing -- 6.4.3 Sub-assembly testing -- 6.4.4 Prototype and drive train testing -- 6.4.5 Off-shore environmental testing -- 6.4.6 Production testing -- 6.4.7 Commissioning -- 6.5 From high reliability to high availability -- 6.5.1 Relation between reliability and availability -- 6.5.2 Off-shore environment -- 6.5.3 Detection and interpretation -- 6.5.4 Preventive or corrective maintenance -- 6.5.5 Asset management through life -- 6.6 Summary -- Chapter 7 Early off-shore unreliability and availability -- 7.1 Early European off-shore wind farm experience -- 7.1.1 Horns Rev 1 wind farm, Denmark -- 7.1.2 Round 1 wind farms, United Kingdom -- 7.2 Lessons learnt -- 7.2.1 General -- 7.2.2 Environment -- 7.2.3 Access -- 7.2.4 Off-shore LV, MV and HV networks -- 7.2.5 Other Round 1 wind farms, United Kingdom -- 7.2.6 Commissioning -- 7.2.7 Planning off-shore operations -- 7.3 Summary -- Chapter 8 Off-shore wind |
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farm layouts and grid connection -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Arrangements -- 8.3 Device and collector arrays -- 8.4 AC versus DC collectors and export connection -- 8.5 Sub-stations and converter stations -- 8.6 Off-shore wind farms -- 8.6.1 One line diagrams -- 8.6.2 Reliability -- 8.7 Floating technology, effect on reliability -- 8.8 Summary -- Chapter 9 Monitoring for off-shore wind farms -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Supervisory control and data acquisition. |
9.2.1 Why SCADA? -- 9.2.2 Signals and alarms -- 9.2.3 Value and cost of SCADA -- 9.3 Condition monitoring systems -- 9.3.1 Why CMS? -- 9.3.2 Different CMS techniques -- 9.3.3 Value and cost of CMS -- 9.4 Structural health monitoring -- 9.5 SCADA and CMS monitoring success -- 9.5.1 General -- 9.5.2 SCADA successes -- 9.5.3 CMS successes -- 9.6 Data integration -- 9.6.1 Multi-parameter monitoring -- 9.6.2 System architectures -- 9.7 Summary -- Chapter 10 Maintenance for off-shore wind farms -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Maintenance methods -- 10.3 Spares -- 10.4 Weather -- 10.5 Access and logistics -- 10.5.1 Distance off-shore -- 10.5.2 Installation access -- 10.5.3 Vessel access -- 10.5.4 Aircraft access -- 10.5.5 Drone access -- 10.5.6 Access conclusions -- 10.6 Data management for an integrated maintenance strategy -- 10.6.1 Sources and access to data -- 10.6.2 An off-shore wind farm knowledge management system -- 10.6.3 Complete system -- 10.7 Summary -- Chapter 11 Production safety, training and qualification -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Safety -- 11.3 Training and qualification -- 11.3.1 Category I __amp__#8211 -- data collector -- 11.3.2 Category II __amp__#8211 -- specialist -- 11.3.3 Category III __amp__#8211 -- analyst -- 11.3.4 Category IV __amp__#8211 -- expert -- Chapter 12 Overall summary conclusions -- 12.1 Reliability and availability in wind farm design -- 12.1.1 Importance of data -- 12.2 Collating data -- 12.3 Operational planning for maintenance, RCM versus CBM -- 12.4 Asset management -- 12.5 Towards an integrated maintenance strategy, data management -- 12.6 Prospective costs of energy for off-shore wind -- 12.7 Production safety, training and qualification -- 12.8 Future prospects -- References -- Standards -- Appendix A WMEP operators' report form -- Appendix B Reliability data collection -- Appendix C Commercial SCADA systems. |
Appendix D Commercial condition monitoring systems -- Appendix E Reliabilities of key off-shore sub-assemblies -- Appendix F Wind power historical timeline -- Index. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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The new, thoroughly revised edition of this classic book on offshore wind farm reliability. This work captures the latest developments in turbine and farm design, monitoring, safety and maintenance of a centre pillar of the emerging carbon free energy system. |
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