Radar Sea Clutter : Modelling and Target Detection

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911006842703321
• Autore: Rosenberg Luke
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Stevenage : , : Institution of Engineering & Technology, , 2022; ©2022
• ISBN: 1-83724-604-1; 1-5231-4253-7; 1-78561-914-4
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (414 pages)
• Collana: Radar, Sonar and Navigation
• Altri autori (Persone): WattsSimon
• Disciplina: 621.3
• Soggetti: Radar targets
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the authors -- Acknowledgements -- List of symbols -- List of acronyms -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Prologue -- 1.2 Maritime surveillance radars -- 1.3 The sea surface -- 1.4 Clutter characteristics -- 1.5 Sea clutter modelling -- 1.5.1 Electromagnetic scattering models -- 1.5.2 Empirical modelling -- 1.6 Data sets -- 1.6.1 Ingara X-band data set -- 1.6.2 CSIR X-band data set -- 1.7 Book outline -- References -- Chapter 2 Monostatic sea clutter -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Mean backscatter -- 2.2.1 Anomalous propagation -- 2.2.2 Multipath scattering -- 2.2.3 GO-SSA mean backscatter models -- 2.3 Amplitude distributions -- 2.3.1 Distribution models -- 2.3.1.7 KA-Distribution -- 2.3.2 Example fits -- 2.3.3 Effective shape relationships -- 2.4 Sea-spike characteristics -- 2.5 Doppler characteristics -- 2.5.1 Coherent amplitude statistics -- 2.5.2 Mean Doppler spectra -- 2.5.3 Time and range varying spectra -- 2.6 Texture correlation -- References -- Chapter 3 Bistatic sea clutter -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Bistatic geometry -- 3.3 Active bistatic radar -- 3.3.1 Sea clutter measurements -- 3.3.2 In-plane reflectivity -- 3.3.3 Out-of-plane reflectivity -- 3.3.4 Amplitude statistics -- 3.3.5 Correlation -- 3.3.6 Doppler spectra -- 3.3.7 Sea spikes -- 3.4 Passive bistatic radar -- 3.4.1 Sea clutter measurements -- 3.4.2 Data processing -- 3.4.3 ; Delay/Doppler amplitude statistics -- 3.4.4 Time domain amplitude statistics and correlation -- 3.4.5 Doppler spectra -- 3.4.6 Summary -- 3.5 Discussion on bistatic sea clutter -- References -- Chapter 4 Parametric modelling -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Monostatic mean backscatter -- 4.2.1 Royal Radar Establishment model -- 4.2.2 Sittrop's model -- 4.2.3 Georgia Institute of Technology model -- 4.2.4 The hybrid model.; 4.2.5 The Technology Service Corporation model -- 4.2.6 The Masuko models -- 4.2.7 The Imaging Radar Systems Group model -- 4.2.8 Naval Research Laboratory model -- 4.2.9 DSTG continuous mean backscatter model -- 4.3 Bistatic mean reflectivity -- 4.3.1 In-plane scattering -- 4.3.2 Out-of-plane scattering -- 4.4 K-distribution shape -- 4.4.1 Low grazing angle models -- 4.4.2 DSTG continuous shape model -- 4.5 Doppler spectrum -- 4.5.1 Mean Doppler spectrum models -- 4.5.2 Temporal decorrelation model -- 4.5.3 Evolving Doppler spectrum model -- 4.6 Spatial correlation -- References -- Chapter 5 Sea clutter simulation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Uniform Doppler spectrum -- 5.2.1 Memoryless non-linear transform -- 5.3 Evolving Doppler spectrum -- 5.3.1 Frequency domain simulation -- 5.3.2 Time domain simulation -- 5.3.3 Multiple phase centres -- 5.3.4 Scanning radar scenario -- 5.3.5 Simulation examples -- 5.4 Other simulation algorithms -- 5.4.1 Spatially and temporally limited clutter model -- 5.4.2 Compound G2 model -- 5.4.3 Algorithm comparison -- 5.4.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6 Performance prediction modelling -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Radar range equation -- 3 Non-coherent processing -- 3.1 Constant target -- 3.2 Fluctuating target -- 3.3 Compound clutter -- 3.4 Correlated returns -- 4 Coherent processing -- 4.1 Doppler filtering -- 4.2 Adaptive processing -- 5 Assessing end-to-end radar performance -- 5.1 Radar performance examples -- 5.2 Simulated performance prediction -- 5.3 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 7 Maritime target detection techniques -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Non-coherent detection -- 7.2.1 Clutter statistics -- 7.2.2 Constant false alarm rate detectors -- 7.2.3 CA-CFAR performance in spatially correlated clutter -- 7.2.4 Scan-to-scan processing -- 7.2.5 Alternative methods -- 7.3 Pareto CFAR detectors.; 7.3.1 Type I transformed CFAR -- 7.3.2 Type I complete sufficient statistics -- 7.3.3 Type II transformed CFAR -- 7.3.4 Type II Bayesian CFAR -- 7.3.5 Detection results -- 7.3.6 Summary -- 7.4 Coherent detection -- 7.4.1 Multichannel radar -- 7.4.2 Coherent detection strategies -- 7.4.3 Pre-Doppler whitening -- 7.4.4 Post-Doppler detection -- 7.4.5 Post-Doppler whitening -- 7.4.6 Model-based detection -- 7.4.7 Doppler spectrum aliasing -- 7.5 Detection in heterogeneous environments -- 7.5.1 The single data set detector -- 7.5.2 Fixed scale hybrid -- 7.5.3 Variable scale hybrid -- 7.5.4 Texture estimation and normalisation hybrid -- 7.5.5 Detection results -- References -- Chapter 8 New approaches for target detection -- 8.1 Time/frequency target separation -- 8.1.1 Sub-band isolation and reconstruction -- 8.1.2 Sub-band selection -- 8.1.3 Detection performance -- 8.1.4 Summary and future directions -- 8.2 Sparse signal separation -- 8.2.1 Tuned Q wavelet transform -- 8.2.2 Short-time Fourier transform -- 8.2.3 Detection approaches -- 8.2.4 Detection performance -- 8.2.5 Summary and further developments -- 8.3 Dictionary learning -- 8.3.1 Dictionary learning techniques -- 8.3.2 Performance evaluation -- 8.3.3 Detection performance -- 8.3.4 Summary and further developments -- 8.4 Track before detect -- 8.4.1 Mathematical models -- 8.4.2 The Bernoulli track before detect filter -- 8.4.3 Simulation details -- 8.4.4 Detection and tracking performance -- 8.4.5 Summary and further developments -- References -- ; Appendix A Goodness of fit metrics -- A.1 Chi-square test -- A.2 Kolmogorov-Smirnov test -- A.3 Bhattacharyya distance -- A.4 Threshold error -- References -- Appendix B Bimodal parameters for the evolving Doppler spectrum -- References -- Appendix C Atmospheric and precipitation losses -- References -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book presents comprehensive coverage of new research into sea clutter characterisation and modelling, radar performance prediction and maritime target detection. The book also includes a summary of sea-clutter scattering characteristics and datasets provided that can be used for modelling.