An introduction to nuclear waste immobilisation / / M.I Ojovan and W.E. Lee

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911006682603321
• Autore: Ojovan Michael I
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Amsterdam ; ; Boston, : Elsevier, 2005
• ISBN: 1-280-63284-4; 9786610632848; 0-08-045571-9
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (334 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): LeeW. E
• Disciplina: 621.48/38
• Soggetti: Radioactive waste disposal; Radioactive waste disposal - Safety measures
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover; An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation; Copyright Page; Contents; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgements; Chapter 1. Introduction to Immobilisation; 1.1. Introduction; 1.2. Importance of Waste; 1.3. Radioactive Waste; 1.4. Recycling; 1.5. Waste Minimisation; 1.6. Immobilisation; 1.7. Time Frames; Bibliography; Chapter 2. Nuclear Decay; 2.1. Nuclear Decay; 2.2. Decay Law; 2.3. Radioactive Equilibrium; 2.4. Activity; 2.5. Alpha Decay; 2.6. Beta Decay; 2.7. Gamma Decay; 2.8. Spontaneous Fission; 2.9. Radionuclide Characteristics; Bibliography; Chapter 3. Contaminants and Hazards3.1. Elemental Abundance; 3.2. Migration and Redistribution; 3.3. Hazard Potential; 3.4. Relative Hazard; 3.5. Real hazard Concept; 3.6. Form Factors that Diminish the Hazard; Bibliography; Chapter 4. Heavy Metals; 4.1. Metallic Contaminants; 4.2. Biogeochemical Cycle; 4.3. Heavy Metals; 4.4. Heavy Metals in Living Species; 4.5. Lead; 4.6. Mercury; 4.7. Cadmium; 4.8. Arsenic; Bibliography; Chapter 5. Naturally Occurring Radionuclides; 5.1. NORM and TENORM; 5.2. Primordial Radionuclides; 5.3. Cosmogenic Radionuclides; 5.4. Natural Radionuclides in Igneous Rocks5.5. Natural Radionuclides in Sedimentary Rocks and Soils; 5.6. Natural Radionuclides in Sea Water; 5.7. Radon Emissions; 5.8. Natural Radionuclides in the Human ; Body; Bibliography; Chapter 6. Background Radiation; 6.1. Radiation is Natural; 6.2. Dose Units; 6.3. Biological Consequences of Irradiation; 6.4. Background Radiation; Bibliography; Chapter 7. Nuclear Waste Regulations; 7.1. Regulatory Organisations; 7.2. Protection Philosophies; 7.3. Regulation of Radioactive Materials and Sources; 7.4. Exemption Criteria and Levels; 7.5. Clearance of Materials from Regulatory Control7.6. Double Standards; 7.7. Dose Limits; 7.8. Control of Radiation Hazards; Bibliography; Chapter 8. Principles of Nuclear Waste Management; 8.1. International Consensus; 8.2. Objective of Radioactive Waste Management; 8.3. Fundamental Principles; 8.4. Comments on the Fundamental Principles; 8.5. Ethical Principles; 8.6. Joint Convention; Bibliography; Chapter 9. Sources and Characteristics of Nuclear Wastes; 9.1. Key Waste Characteristics; 9.2. Classification Schemes; 9.3. Examples of Waste Classification; 9.4. Sources of Waste; 9.5. Front End and Operational NFC Waste9.6. Back End Open NFC Waste; 9.7. Back End Closed NFC Waste; 9.8. Back End NFC Decommissioning Waste; 9.9. Non-NFC Wastes; 9.10. Accidental Wastes; Bibliography; Chapter 10. Short-Lived Waste Radionuclides; 10.1. Introduction; 10.2. Tritium; 10.3. Cobalt-60; 10.4. Strontium-90; 10.5. Caesium-137; Bibliography; Chapter 11. Long-Lived Waste Radionuclides; 11.1. Introduction; 11.2. Carbon-14; 11.3. Technetium-99; 11.4. Iodine-129; 11.5. Plutonium; 11.6. Neptunium-237; 11.7. Nuclear Criticality; Bibliography; Chapter 12. Management and Characterisation of Radioactive Wastes
• Sommario/riassunto: Safety and environmental impact is of uppermost concern when dealing with the movement and storage of nuclear waste. The 20 chapters in 'An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation' cover all important aspects of immobilisation, from nuclear decay, to regulations, to new technologies and methods. Significant focus is given to the analysis of the various matrices used in transport: cement, bitumen and glass, with the greatest attention being given to glass. The last chapter concentrates on the performance assessment of each matrix, and on new developments of ceramics and glass composite m