Aspects of explosives detection / / edited by Maurice Marshall, Jimmie C. Oxley

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911006597103321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Amsterdam ; ; Oxford, : Elsevier, 2009
• ISBN: 9786612711442; 9781282711440; 128271144X; 9780080923147; 0080923143
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (303 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): MarshallMaurice; OxleyJimmie Carol <1953->
• Disciplina: 363.256; 662.2
• Soggetti: Explosives - Detection; Chemistry, Technical
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover; Aspects of Explosives Detection; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Preface; List of Contributors; Chapter 1 The Detection Problem; 1 Explosive Detection Technology - The Impetus; 2 The Problem; 3 Detection Technologies; Chapter 2 Explosives: The Threats and the Materials; 1 Devices and Explosives; 2 Fundamentals of Explosives; 2.1 Usage of explosives; 2.2 Detonation and deflagration; 2.3 Primary and secondary explosives; 2.4 Energy release, explosive output, and critical diameter; 2.5 Chemistry of some common explosives; 2.6 Military explosives; 2.7 Plastic explosives; 2.8 Commercial explosives2.9 Propellants; 2.10 Terrorist use of homemade explosives; 2.11 Peroxide explosives; 2.12 Exotic explosives; 2.13 Energetic salts; 2.14 Non-solid explosives; 3 Implications for Detection; Chapter 3 Detection of Explosives by Dogs; 1 Introduction; 2 The Scientific Basis of Explosives Detection by Dogs; 2.1 What do dogs detect?; 2.2 Sensitivity; 2.3 Specificity; 2.4 Dynamic range; 2.5 Generalization; 2.6 Duty cycle; 2.7 Robustness; 3 Training, ; Evaluation and Maintenance; 4 Conclusions; Chapter 4 Colorimetric Detection of Explosives; 1 Introduction; 2 Nitroaromatic Explosives3 Nitrate Esters and Nitramines; 4 Improvised Explosives Not Containing Nitro Groups; 5 Peroxide-Based Explosives; 6 Urea Nitrate; 7 Field Tests; Chapter 5 Nuclear Technologies; 1 Basis for Detection; 2 Physics Underlying Nuclear Detection Methods; 2.1 Detection principles; 2.2 Neutron sources; 2.3 Detectors; 3 Survey of Neutron-Based Detection Approaches; 3.1 Thermal neutron activation; 3.2 Fast neutron activation; 3.3 Fast neutron-associated particle; 3.4 Pulsed fast neutron transmission spectroscopy; 3.5 Pulsed fast neutron analysis; 4 Survey of Non-Neutron-Based Nuclear Detection Methods4.1 Nuclear resonance absorption; 4.2 Nuclear quadrupole resonance; 4.3 Nuclear resonance fluorescence; 5 Problems with the Use of Nuclear Techniques for Explosive Detection; 5.1 Field deployment of neutron sources; 5.2 Health hazards because of radiation; 5.3 Material activation; 5.4 Neutron shielding; 5.5 Public perception of radiation; 6 Summary; Chapter 6 X-ray Technologies; 1 Introduction; 2 X-ray Physics; 2.1 Production of X-rays; 2.2 Attenuation of X-rays; 2.3 X-ray detectors; 2.4 Dual-energy X-ray; 2.5 Effective atomic number; 3 History of X-Ray Screening Technology3.1 Early history; 3.2 Linear array X-ray scanners; 3.3 Material discrimination; 3.4 Automated detection; 3.5 Other advancements in X-ray screening; 3.6 Cargo scanners; 4 X-Ray Inspection Systems; 4.1 Conventional transmission; 4.2 Dual-energy transmission systems; 4.3 Multi-view systems; 4.4 Scatter-based systems; 4.5 Coherent X-ray scatter; 5 Conclusion; Chapter 7 CT Technologies; 1 Introduction; 2 Features of X-ray CT Imaging; 3 Principles of CT Imaging; 3.1 Single-slice CT; 3.2 Multislice CT; 3.3 Dual-energy CT; 4 CT Scanner Operation; 5 CT Scanner Design Considerations
• Sommario/riassunto: Detection and quantification of trace chemicals is a major thrust of analytical chemistry. In recent years much effort has been spent developing detection systems for priority pollutants. Less mature are the detections of substances of interest to law enforcement and security personnel:in particular explosives. This volume will discuss the detection of these, not only setting out the theoretical fundamentals, but also emphasizing the remarkable developments in the last decade. Terrorist events-airplanes blown out of the sky (PanAm 103 over Lockerbie) and attacks on U.S. and European cities (