Food chains [[electronic resource] ] : from farmyard to shopping cart / / edited by Warren Belasco and Roger Horowitz

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910788510303321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Philadelphia, : University of Pennsylvania Press, c2009
• ISBN: 1-283-89631-1; 0-8122-0444-1
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (304 p.)
• Collana: Hagley Perspectives on Business and Culture; Hagley perspectives on business and culture
• Altri autori (Persone): BelascoWarren James; HorowitzRoger
• Disciplina: 381/.41
• Soggetti: Food industry and trade; Food supply; Food consumption; Food - Marketing; Consumers' preferences
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. [253]-294).
• Nota di contenuto: Making food chains : the book / Roger Horowitz -- How much depends on dinner? / Warren Belasco -- Analyzing commodity chains : linkages or restraints? / Shane Hamilton -- Lard to lean : making the meat-type hog in post-World War II America / J. L. Anderson -- ; The chicken, the factory farm, and the supermarket : the emergence of the modern poultry industry in Britain / Andrew C. Godley, Bridget Williams -- Trading quality, producing value : crabmeat, HACCP, and global seafood trade / Kelly Feltault -- Anchovy sauce and pickled tripe : exporting civilized food in the colonial Atlantic world / Richard R. Wilk -- What's left at the bottom of the glass : the quest for purity and the development of the American natural ice industry / Jonathan Rees -- Provisioning man's best friend : the early years of the American pet food industry, 1870-1942 / Katherine C. Grier -- Empire of ice cream : how life became sweeter in the postwar Soviet Union / Jenny Leigh Smith -- Eating Mexican in a global age : the politics and production of ethnic food / Jeffrey M. Pilcher -- ; The aristocracy of the market ; basket : self-service food shopping in the new South / Lisa C. Tolbert -- Making markets Marxist? : the East European grocery store from rationing to rationality to rationalizations / Patrick Hyder Patterson -- Tools and spaces : food and cooking in working-class neighborhoods, 1880-1930 / Katherine Leonard Turner -- Wheeling one's groceries around the store : the invention of the shopping cart, 1936-1953 / Catherine Grandclément.
• Sommario/riassunto: In recent years, the integrity of food production and distribution has become an issue of wide social concern. The media frequently report on cases of food contamination as well as on the risks of hormones and cloning. Journalists, documentary filmmakers, and activists have had their say, but until now a survey of the latest research on the history of the modern food-provisioning system-the network that connects farms and fields to supermarkets and the dining table-has been unavailable. In Food Chains, Warren Belasco and Roger Horowitz present a collection of fascinating case studies that reveal the historical underpinnings and institutional arrangements that compose this system.The dozen essays in Food Chains range widely in subject, from the pig, poultry, and seafood industries to the origins of the shopping cart. The book examines what it took to put ice in nineteenth-century refrigerators, why Soviet citizens could buy ice cream whenever they wanted, what made Mexican food popular in France, and why Americans turned to commercial pet food in place of table scraps for their dogs and cats. Food Chains goes behind the grocery shelves, explaining why Americans in the early twentieth century preferred to buy bread rather than make it and how Southerners learned to like self-serve shopping. Taken together, these essays demonstrate the value of a historical perspective on the modern food-provisioning system.

Optical imaging and aberrations . Part II Wave diffraction optics / / Virendra N. Mahajan, the Aerospace Corporation and College of Optical Sciences, the University of Arizona

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911004827103321
• Autore: Mahajan Virendra N.
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Bellingham, Washington : , : Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE), , [2001]; ©2001
• ISBN: 1-61583-707-8; 0-8194-7880-6
• Edizione: [2nd printing.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (490 p.)
• Collana: SPIE Press monograph ; ; PM103
• Disciplina: 621.36
• Soggetti: Aberration; Geometrical optics; Imaging systems
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Chapter 1. Image formation: 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Rayleigh-Sommerfeld theory of diffraction and Huygens-Fresnel principle -- 1.3. Gaussian image -- 1.4. Diffraction image -- 1.5. Physical significance of PSF -- 1.6. Optical transfer function (OTF) -- 1.7. Asymptotic behavior of PSF -- 1.8. PSF centroid -- 1.9. Strehl ratio -- 1.10. Hopkins ratio -- 1.11. Line- and edge-spread functions (LSF and ESF) -- 1.12. Shift-invariant imaging of a coherent object -- Appendix A. Fourier transform definitions -- Appendix B. Some frequently used integrals -- References -- Problems.; Chapter 2. Optical systems with circular pupils: 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Aberration-free system -- 2.3. Strehl ratio and aberration tolerance -- 2.4. Balanced aberrations and Zernike circle polynomials -- 2.5. Defocused system -- 2.6. PSFs for rotationally symmetric aberrations -- 2.7. Symmetry properties of an aberrated PSF -- 2.8. PSFs for primary aberrations -- 2.9. Line of sight of an aberrated system -- 2.10. Diffraction OTF for primary a berrations -- 2.11. Hopkins ratio -- 2.12. Geometrical OTF -- 2.13. Incoherent line- and edge-spread functions -- 2.14. Miscellaneous topics -- 2.15. Coherent ; imaging -- References -- Problems.; Chapter 3. Optical systems with annular pupils: 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Aberration-free system -- 3.3. Strehl ratio and aberration tolerance -- 3.4. Balanced aberrations and Zernike annular polynomials -- 3.5. Defocused system -- 3.6. Symmetry properties of an aberrated PSF -- 3.7. PSFs and axial irradiance for primary aberrations -- 3.8. 2-D PSFs -- 3.9. Line of sight of an aberrated system -- References -- Problems.; Chapter 4. Optical systems with Gaussian pupils: 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. General theory -- 4.3. Systems with circular pupils -- 4.4. Systems with annular pupils -- 4.5. Line of sight of an aberrated system -- 4.6. Summary -- References -- Problems.; Chapter 5. Random aberrations: 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Random image motion -- 5.3 Imaging through atmospheric turbulence -- Appendix. Fourier transform of Zernike polynomials -- References -- Problems -- Bibliography -- References for additional reading -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book discusses the characteristics of a diffraction image of an incoherent or a coherent object formed by an aberrated imaging system. Numerical results in aberrated imaging have been emphasized to maximize the practical use of the material. This new, second printing includes a number of updates and corrections to the first printing. Beginning with a description of the diffraction theory of image formation, the book describes both aberration-free and aberrated imaging by optical systems with circular, annular, or Gaussian pupils. As in part I, the primary aberrations are emphasized. Their effects on Strehl, Hopkins, and Struve ratios are discussed in detail. The balanced aberrations are identified with Zernike polynomials appropriate for each type of system. Imaging in the presence of random aberrations is also discussed that includes the effects of image motion and propagation through atmospheric turbulence. Each chapter ends with a set of practical problems.