Natural gas hydrates in flow assurance / / Dendy Sloan ...[et. al.]

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911004740803321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Amsterdam ; ; Boston, : Gulf Professional Pub., 2010
• ISBN: 1-282-88016-0; 9786612880162; 1-85617-946-X
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (223 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): SloanE. Dendy <1944->
• Disciplina: 622/.33819
• Soggetti: Petroleum pipelines - Fluid dynamics; Natural gas - Hydrates; Offshore oil well drilling - Accidents - Prevention; Gas flow; Natural gas in submerged lands
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Includes index.
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover; Natural Gashydrates in Flow Assurance; Copyright Page; About the Authors; Contents; List of Figures; Preface; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1. Why Are Hydrates Important?; 1.2. What Are Hydrates?; 1.3. Four Rules of Thumb Arising from Crystal Structure; 1.4. Chapter Summary Application: Methane Hydrate Formation on an Emulsified Water Droplet; References; Chapter 2: Where and How Are Hydrate Plugs Formed?; 2.1. Where Do Hydrates Form in Offshore Systems?; 2.2. How Do Hydrate Plugs Form? Four Conceptual Pictures; 2.2.1 Hydrate Blockages in Oil-Dominated Systems; 2.2.1.1 Rules of Thumb for Hydrate Formation in Oil-Dominated Systems2.2.1.2 A Model for Hydrate Formation in Oil-Dominated Flowlines; 2.2.2 Hydrate Formation in Gas-Condensate Systems; 2.2.2.1 Case Study 1: Tommeliten-Gamma Field; 2.2.2.2 Case Study 2: Werner-Bolley Field Hydrate Formation; 2.2.2.3 Hypothesized Mechanism for Gas-Dominated Systems; 2.2.3 Hydrate Blockages in Condensate Flowlines; 2.2.4 High-Water-Cut (Volume) Systems; 2.3. Risk Management in Hydrate Plug Prevention; 2.4. Relationship of Chapter to Subsequent Content; References; Chapter 3: Safety in Hydrate Plug ; Removal; 3.1. Two Safety Case Studies3.1.1 Case Study 1: One-Sided Depressurization; 3.1.1.1 The Cause and Effect of Hydrate Projectiles; 3.1.1.2 Predicting Plug Projectile Effects; 3.1.1.2.1 Example Calculation; 3.1.1.3 The Effect of Multiple Plugs; 3.1.2 Case Study 2: Heating a Plug; 3.2. Common Circumstances of Plug Formation and Plug Removal Safety; 3.2.1 Common Circumstances of Plug Formation; 3.2.2 Plug Removal Safety Recommendations; 3.3. Relationship of Chapter to Subsequent Content; References; Chapter 4: How Hydrate Plugs Are Remediated; 4.1. Introduction; 4.2. Safety Concerns; 4.3. Blockage Identification4.3.1 Determining Cause of Blockage; 4.4. Locating Blockage; 4.5. Determining Blockage Size; 4.6. Blockage Removal Options; 4.6.1 Pressure; 4.6.2 Chemical; 4.6.3 Mechanical; 4.6.4 Thermal; 4.6.4.1 Heated Bundle; 4.6.4.2 Electrical Heating; 4.6.4.3 Heating Tent; 4.6.4.4 Mud or Fluid Circulation; 4.6.4.5 External Heat Tracing; 4.6.4.6 Guiding Principles for Thermal Remediation; 4.7. Removal Strategies; 4.7.1 Pipelines/Flowlines Strategy; 4.7.1.1 Recommended Order of Consideration; 4.7.1.2 Detailed Discussion of Pipelines/Flowlines Strategy; 4.7.1.2.1 Pressure Method; 4.7.1.2.2 Chemical Management4.7.1.2.3 Mechanical Method; 4.7.1.2.4 Thermal Method; 4.7.2 Wells Strategy; 4.7.2.1 Recommended Order of Consideration; 4.7.2.2 Detailed Discussion of Well Strategy; 4.7.2.2.1 Pressure Method; 4.7.2.2.2 Chemical Method; 4.7.2.2.3 Mechanical Method; 4.7.2.2.4 Thermal Method; 4.7.3 Risers Strategy; 4.7.3.1 Recommended Order of Consideration; 4.7.3.2 Detailed Discussion of Riser Strategy; 4.7.3.2.1 Pressure Method; 4.7.3.2.2 Chemical Method; 4.7.3.2.3 Mechanical Method; 4.7.3.2.4 Thermal Method; 4.8. Case Studies; 4.8.1 Export Pipeline (BP Pompano); 4.8.1.1 Strategy Employed to Dissociate the Plug
• Sommario/riassunto: With millions of kilometres of onshore and offshore oil and gas pipelines in service around the world, pipelines are the life's blood of the world. Notorious for disrupting natural gas production or transmission, the formation of natural gas hydrates can cost a company hundreds of millions and lead to catastrophic equipment breakdowns and safety and health hazards. Written by an international group of experts, Natural gas Hydrates in Flow Assurance provide an expert overview of the practice and theory in natural gas hydrates, with applications primarily in flow assurance. Compact and easy t